目录

• 沁恒CH32F103C8T6(一): Keil5环境配置,示例运行和烧录
• 沁恒CH32F103C8T6(二): Linux PlatformIO环境配置, 示例运行和烧录
• 沁恒CH32F103C8T6(三): PlatformIO DAPLink和WCHLink下载配置

使用 DAP-Link 烧录

DAP-Link 是ARM官方的一款开源的调试仿真器，也叫CMSIS-DAP, 几乎支持所有Cortex-M内核的MCU，不挑品牌厂家. 其功能等价于ST的ST-Link.
在Win10 Keil5 MDK中可以不需驱动, 不需配置, 即插即用. 在 Linux 的 PlatformIO 中, 需要做一些配置才能正常使用.

1. 首先定位到 PlatformIO 的配置目录

默认的目录是 /home/[你的用户名]/.platformio/ , 下面能看到 packages, penv, platforms 这几个目录, 这一步很重要, 因为需要往配置目录中添加新文件

2. 在开发板配置中添加 CH32F103C8

在 platforms/ststm32/boards 目录下, 新增一个 bluepill_ch32f103c8.json 文件, 文件内容如下,

{
  "build": {
    "arduino": {
      "variant_h": "variant_PILL_F103Cx.h"
    },
    "core": "stm32",
    "cpu": "cortex-m3",
    "extra_flags": "-DSTM32F1 -DSTM32F103xB",
    "f_cpu": "72000000L",
    "hwids": [
      [
        "0x1EAF",
        "0x0003"
      ],
      [
        "0x1EAF",
        "0x0004"
      ]
    ],
    "mcu": "stm32f103c8t6",
    "product_line": "STM32F103xB",
    "variant": "STM32F1xx/F103C8T_F103CB(T-U)",
    "zephyr": {
       "variant": "stm32_min_dev_blue"
    }
  },
  "debug": {
    "default_tools": [
      "stlink"
    ],
    "jlink_device": "STM32F103C8",
    "openocd_extra_args": [
      "-c",
      "reset_config none"
    ],
    "openocd_target": "ch32f1x",
    "svd_path": "STM32F103xx.svd"
  },
  "frameworks": [
    "arduino",
    "mbed",
    "cmsis",
    "libopencm3",
    "stm32cube",
    "zephyr"
  ],
  "name": "BluePill CH32F103C8",
  "upload": {
    "maximum_ram_size": 20480,
    "maximum_size": 65536,
    "protocol": "stlink",
    "protocols": [
      "jlink",
      "cmsis-dap",
      "stlink",
      "blackmagic",
      "mbed",
      "dfu"
    ]
  },
  "url": "http://www.wch.cn/products/CH32F103.html",
  "vendor": "Generic"
}

这个文件是基于 bluepill_f103c8.json 修改的, 主要就是修改了 "openocd_target": "ch32f1x",, 更换了 openocd 的配置文件.

添加之后, 在 PlatformIO 的 Boards 中, 就能搜索到名为"BluePill CH32F103C8"的开发板

3. 修改 platformio.ini

将 board 修改为自定义的 bluepill_ch32f103c8, 修改之后配置类似于

[env:bluepill_ch32f103c8_dap]
platform = ststm32
board = bluepill_ch32f103c8
framework = cmsis
upload_protocol = cmsis-dap
debug_tool = cmsis-dap

4. 在OpenOCD配置中添加 CH32F1X

在 packages/tool-openocd/scripts/target 目录下, 新增一个 ch32f1x.cfg 文件, 内容为

# CH32F103x

set CPUTAPID 0x2ba01477

source [find target/stm32f1x.cfg]

配置的内容, 是在 stm32f1x.cfg 这个配置的基础上定义芯片ID是 0x2ba01477, 这样就不需要在 platformio.ini 中额外配置了

5. 烧录

大部分情况下, 这时候连上DAP-Link就可以烧录了, 输出为

openocd -d2 -s /home/milton/.platformio/packages/tool-openocd/scripts -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -c "transport select swd" -f target/ch32f1x.cfg -c "reset_config none" -c "program {.pio/build/bluepill_ch32f103c8_dap/firmware.elf}  verify reset; shutdown;"
xPack OpenOCD x86_64 Open On-Chip Debugger 0.11.0+dev (2021-10-16-21:15)
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
debug_level: 2

swd
Info : DEPRECATED target event trace-config; use TPIU events {pre,post}-{enable,disable}
none separate

Info : CMSIS-DAP: SWD  supported
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Atomic commands supported
Info : CMSIS-DAP: FW Version = 2.0.0
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Serial# = 205544643577
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface Initialised (SWD)
Info : SWCLK/TCK = 1 SWDIO/TMS = 1 TDI = 0 TDO = 0 nTRST = 0 nRESET = 1
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface ready
Info : clock speed 1000 kHz
Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477
Info : stm32f1x.cpu: Cortex-M3 r2p1 processor detected
Info : stm32f1x.cpu: target has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
Info : starting gdb server for stm32f1x.cpu on 3333
Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread 
xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0xfffffffe msp: 0xfffffffc
** Programming Started **
Info : device id = 0x20000410
Info : flash size = 64kbytes
** Programming Finished **
** Verify Started **
** Verified OK **
** Resetting Target **
shutdown command invoked

6. 调节频率

如果出现这样的错误

target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread 
xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0x0800014c msp: 0x20005000
** Programming Started **
Info : device id = 0x20000410
Info : flash size = 64kbytes
Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477
Error: Failed to write memory at 0x2000003c
Error: error writing to flash at address 0x08000000 at offset 0x00000000
embedded:startup.tcl:1070: Error: ** Programming Failed **
in procedure 'program' 
in procedure 'program_error' called at file "embedded:startup.tcl", line 1135
at file "embedded:startup.tcl", line 1070
*** [upload] Error 1

说明DAP-Link已经正常识别芯片, 但是在写入时出错, 可以将频率降低后再试. 频率的设置在
packages/tool-openocd/scripts/target/stm32f1x.cfg
修改其中的

# JTAG speed should be <= F_CPU/6. F_CPU after reset is 8MHz, so use F_JTAG = 1MHz
adapter speed 1000

可以设置为500或800后再次尝试

使用 WCH Link 烧录

WCH-Link是基于WCH549芯片的下载和调试模块, 支持3.3V/5V双电源输出, 支持USB转TTL串口, 用LED指示灯标识工作状态, 有两种工作模式:

1. CMSIS-DAP模式: 可以用于带有SWD接口的 ARM 内核MCU的调试和下载
2. RISC-V模式: 可用于RISC-V架构的沁恒系列MCU调试和下载，

资料查看

• WCH-Link仿真调试器模块 http://www.wch.cn/products/WCH-Link.html
• 资料下载 http://www.wch.cn/bbs/thread-71088-1.html

WCH-Link 使用的是带USB和串口功能的8位MCU做主控, 价格非常有竞争力, 当前的成本估计在七元以内,
这个价格ST-Link和DAP-Link基本上是做不到的, 主控芯片的成本都不止这个数了.

1. 在开发板配置中添加 CH32F103

与 DAP-Link 的配置一样

2. 修改 platformio.ini

与 DAP-Link 的配置一样

3. 在OpenOCD配置中添加 CH32F1X

在 packages/tool-openocd/scripts/target 目录下, 新增 ch32f1x.cfg 文件, 内容为

# CH32F103x

set CPUTAPID 0x2ba01477

cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x1a86 0x8011

source [find target/stm32f1x.cfg]

与 DAP-Link 的配置相比, 增加了一行 cmsis_dap_vid_pid 0x1a86 0x8011, 这样 openocd 才能将 WCH-Link 识别为 CMSIS DAP 设备.

4. 修改 99-platformio-udev.rules

安装 PlatformIO 的时候, 应该在 /etc/udev/rules.d/ 目录下添加过 99-platformio-udev.rules 这个文件, 用于给 USB 设备添加 0666 权限.
而 WCH-Link 对于 PlatformIO 来说是新设备, 在 99-platformio-udev.rules 中并未对其添加规则, 如果不设置, 会出现权限错误

Error: could not open device 0x1a86:0x8011: Access denied (insufficient permissions)
Error: unable to open CMSIS-DAP device 0x1a86:0x8011
Error: unable to find a matching CMSIS-DAP device
Error: No Valid JTAG Interface Configured.
*** [upload] Error 255

在 99-platformio-udev.rules 中需要新增 WCH Link 的配置, 在最底下添加两行

# WCH Link (CMSIS-DAP compatible adapter)
ATTRS{idVendor}=="1a86", ATTRS{idProduct}=="8011", MODE="0666", ENV{ID_MM_DEVICE_IGNORE}="1", ENV{ID_MM_PORT_IGNORE}="1"

保存后执行

sudo udevadm control --reload-rules

然后重新拔插WCHLink让权限生效

5. 烧录

以上配置正确的话, 烧录输出为

CURRENT: upload_protocol = cmsis-dap
openocd -d2 -s /home/milton/.platformio/packages/tool-openocd/scripts -f interface/cmsis-dap.cfg -c "transport select swd" -f target/ch32f1x.cfg -c "reset_config none" -c "program {.pio/build/bluepill_f103c8_ch32/firmware.elf}  verify reset; shutdown;"
xPack OpenOCD x86_64 Open On-Chip Debugger 0.11.0+dev (2021-10-16-21:15)
Licensed under GNU GPL v2
For bug reports, read
        http://openocd.org/doc/doxygen/bugs.html
debug_level: 2

swd
Info : DEPRECATED target event trace-config; use TPIU events {pre,post}-{enable,disable}
none separate

Info : CMSIS-DAP: SWD  supported
Info : CMSIS-DAP: FW Version = 2.0.0
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface Initialised (SWD)
Info : SWCLK/TCK = 1 SWDIO/TMS = 1 TDI = 0 TDO = 0 nTRST = 0 nRESET = 1
Info : CMSIS-DAP: Interface ready
Info : clock speed 1000 kHz
Info : SWD DPIDR 0x2ba01477
Info : stm32f1x.cpu: Cortex-M3 r2p1 processor detected
Info : stm32f1x.cpu: target has 6 breakpoints, 4 watchpoints
Info : starting gdb server for stm32f1x.cpu on 3333
Info : Listening on port 3333 for gdb connections
target halted due to debug-request, current mode: Thread 
xPSR: 0x01000000 pc: 0x0800014c msp: 0x20005000
** Programming Started **
Info : device id = 0x20000410
Info : flash size = 64kbytes
** Programming Finished **
** Verify Started **
** Verified OK **
** Resetting Target **
shutdown command invoked

结束

如果需要两种烧录调试工具并存的话, 可以创建两个board配置, 在 platformio.ini 中创建两个env分别使用不同的board, 使用时通过 [platformio] default_envs = xxxx进行切换

参考

• https://github.com/kaidegit/CMSIS-DAPbyWCH
• https://github.com/pyocd/pyOCD/issues/1121