C/C++教程
用C++实现中国象棋
本文主要是介绍用C++实现中国象棋，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
项目介绍
最近学习到了STL库，了解到一些很实用的容器，同时我也是个象棋爱好者，想着能不能做个象棋的游戏小程序出来，运用一下所学到的知识点，于是动手做了这个项目，花了两天左右的时间基本完成，不过还有一些功能（将军提示、强制应将和困毙检测等）没做出来，需要后续做一些更新优化，先上图展示一下效果，大家看看还有没有什么地方需要改进的
效果展示
原始局面
除车炮类棋子的步数变化有限，可以列出当前棋子所有的变化，然后用算法判断下一步是否合理，不合理的排除（如超出棋盘范围，下一步点位被己方棋子占用，兵卒未过河不能平，马和象会被蹩腿和塞象眼等），最终结果提示给玩家，让玩家做选择，如图：
车类、炮类棋子可以走不限格数，列出所有变化很麻烦，因此拆分成多步，每步以一格为单位，让玩家通过wsad键来控制上下左右移动（如果中途更换成别的方向键会重置回原始位置），如果被自己棋子挡住或者要到棋盘外边会发出提示，走到固定位置后，需要玩家确认是否走棋，等到确认后再轮到对方走棋。如图：
跟正常的象棋规则一样，将帅不能照面，但是在当前程序中，玩家是可以走成这个局面的，同时会多出一个飞将的选择，但是在大多数的网络游戏中，玩家并不能走成这个局面，软件会限制走禁招，而且现在也没有将军提示的功能，游戏胜利目标为吃掉敌方的主将，如下图：
如果想要退出对局，可以选择求和或者认输，输出对局结果后将会退回到主界面
请求和棋，同意
和棋请求被拒绝
轮到一方走棋时，如果认输则判定己方落败，另一方获胜
项目源码
源码非常多，包含了许多头文件和源文件，单一个棋子的类文件就差不多200行，这里就只放一些关键性源码：
//Main.cpp----------主菜单界面
#include "Menu.h"
#include "Layout.h"
//制作一个象棋程序
//1. 需要一个开始菜单
//2. PVP模式（不需要做选择红方/黑方选项）
//3. 打印一个棋盘
//4. 在棋盘上打印棋子
int main() {
int tab;
while (1) {
Menu();
cin >> tab;
switch (tab)
{
case 0:
cout << "游戏已退出" << endl;
system("pause");
return 0;
case 1:
Layout();
break;
default:
cout << "请输入正确的选项！" << endl;
break;
}
system("cls");
}
}
//Layout.cpp----------游戏界面
#include "Layout.h"
#include "config.h"
//1.按行打印
//2.按列打印
//3.判断棋子
//4.划分阵营 （红方为1，黑方为0）
//5.用双向数组存放，头插法放入红方，尾插法放入黑方，便于管理
//6.先判断棋子当前状态，再执行移动
//7.依次编写每种棋子的走法规则和状态检测
//8.测试
deque<Chess*> Chess::d;
int Chess::tail;
int Chess::bound;
int tab;
int result;
bool isMore;
int mChessIndex;
void color(int a) {
SetConsoleTextAttribute(GetStdHandle(STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE), a);
}
void Layout() {
Chess::d = InitChess();
while (1)
{
/*if (cin.fail()) {
cin.clear();
cin.ignore();
}*/
Board();
int index;
if (!isMore)
index = selectChess();
else
index = mChessIndex;
if (index == -1) {
if (tab == 1) {
cout << "红方希望求和，是否同意（Y.同意/N.拒绝）?" << endl;
}
if (tab == 0) {
cout << "黑方希望求和，是否同意（Y.同意/N.拒绝）?" << endl;
}
char confirm;
cin >> confirm;
if (confirm == 'Y' || confirm == 'y') {
result = 2;
}
else {
cout << "已拒绝和棋！" << endl;
system("pause");
tab = !tab;
}
}
else if (index == -2) {
cout << "是否认输（Y.确认/N.取消）？" << endl;
char confirm;
cin >> confirm;
if (confirm == 'Y' || confirm == 'y') {
if (tab == 1) {
result = 0;
}
if (tab == 0) {
result = 1;
}
}
else {
cout << "已取消！" << endl;
system("pause");
tab = !tab;
}
}
else if (index == -3) {
cout << "已返回!" << endl;
system("pause");
tab = !tab;
}
else {
if (!(Chess::d[index]->findRoad())) {
//循环
if (Chess::d[index]->isMoving) {
//未移动完成
isMore = true;
}
else {
//返回
isMore = false;
cout << "已取消!" << endl;
system("pause");
}
tab = !tab;
}
else {
//移动完成
isMore = false;
cout << "移动完成！" << endl;
Chess::d[index]->isMoving = false;
system("pause");
}
}
Check();
if (result == 0) {
cout << "游戏结束，黑胜红负！" << endl;
system("pause");
break;
}
if (result == 1) {
cout << "游戏结束，红胜黑负！" << endl;
system("pause");
break;
}
if (result == 2) {
cout << "游戏结束，和棋！" << endl;
system("pause");
break;
}
tab = !tab;
}
for (int i = 0; i < Chess::tail + 1; i++) {
//释放所有棋子在堆区开辟的空间
delete Chess::d[i];
}
}
void Board(){
system("cls");
cout << "1 ==2 ==3 ==4 ==5 ==6 ==7 ==8 ==9 " << endl;
for (int y = 1; y < 11; y++) {
for (int x = 1; x < 10; x++) {
//棋子点位
int obj = Chess::isHasChess(x, y);
if (obj != -1) {
//有棋子
if (Chess::d[obj]->m_Camp == 1) {
//代表红方
color(64);
}
else {
color(32);
//代表黑方
}
cout << Chess::d[obj]->m_Name;
color(7);
}
else {
//无棋子
if (y == 5 || y == 6) {
cout << LINE;
}
else {
cout << NODE;
}
}
//棋子点位
if (x != 9) {
cout << LINE;
}
}
cout << endl;
//竖线区，不用判断有无棋子
if (y != 10) {
if (y == 5) {
cout << "| 楚河 汉界 | ";
}
else {
for (int x = 1; x < 10; x++) {
cout << VLINE;
if (x != 9) {
cout << spSign(x, y);
}
}
}
cout << endl;
}
}
cout << "九==八==七==六==五==四==三==二==一" << endl;
if (tab == 1) {
cout << "当前轮到红方走棋：" << endl;
}
else {
cout << "当前轮到黑方走棋：" << endl;
}
return;
}
void Check() {
if (Chess::d[0]->isDead) {
//红帅死亡
result = 0;
}
if (Chess::d[Chess::tail]->isDead) {
//黑将死亡
result = 1;
}
}
string spSign(int x, int y) {
if (x == 4) {
if (y == 1 || y == 8) {
return BSLASH;
}
if (y == 2 || y == 9) {
return SLASH;
}
}
if (x == 5) {
if (y == 1 || y == 8) {
return SLASH;
}
if (y == 2 || y == 9) {
return BSLASH;
}
}
return SPACE;
}
deque<Chess*> InitChess() {
tab = 1;
result = 3;
isMore = false;
deque<Chess*> Rchess;
Chess* jiang = new Jiang(0);
Chess* shuai = new Jiang(1);
//留空===========================留空//
int k = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
Chess* BXiang = new Xiang(0, 5 + 2 * k);
Rchess.push_back(BXiang);
Chess* RXiang = new Xiang(1, 5 + 2 * k);
Rchess.push_front(RXiang);
Chess* Bshi = new Shi(0, 5 + k);
Rchess.push_back(Bshi);
Chess* Rshi = new Shi(1, 5 + k);
Rchess.push_front(Rshi);
Chess* pao = new Pao(0, 5 + 3 * k);
Rchess.push_back(pao);
Chess* bao = new Pao(1, 5 + 3 * k);
Rchess.push_front(bao);
Chess* Bma = new Ma(0, 5 + 3 * k);
Rchess.push_back(Bma);
Chess* Rma = new Ma(1, 5 + 3 * k);
Rchess.push_front(Rma);
Chess* che = new Che(0, 5 + 4 * k);
Rchess.push_back(che);
Chess* ju = new Che(1, 5 + 4 * k);
Rchess.push_front(ju);
k = -k;
}
for (int x = 1; x < 10; x += 2) {
Chess* zu = new Bing(0, x);
Rchess.push_back(zu);
Chess* bing = new Bing(1, x);
Rchess.push_front(bing);
}
Rchess.push_back(jiang);
Rchess.push_front(shuai);
//cout << Rchess.size();
Chess::tail = Rchess.size() - 1;
Chess::bound = Rchess.size() / 2;
return Rchess;
}
int selectChess() {
deque<int> index_j; //老将
deque<int> index_b; //兵
deque<int> index_c; //车
deque<int> index_m; //马
deque<int> index_p; //炮
deque<int> index_s; //士
deque<int> index_x; //象
int select;//选择
cout << "请选择你要走的棋子：" << endl;
cout << "（";
if (tab == 1) {
//红方走棋，遍历红方棋子总数
deque<int> r_d = Chess::getRchess();
for (int i = 0; i < r_d.size(); i++) {
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "帅") {
if (index_j.empty())
cout << "1. 帅 ";
index_j.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "兵") {
if (index_b.empty())
cout << "2. 兵 ";
index_b.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "車") {
if (index_c.empty())
cout << "3. 車 ";
index_c.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "馬") {
if (index_m.empty())
cout << "4. 馬 ";
index_m.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "砲") {
if (index_p.empty())
cout << "5. 砲 ";
index_p.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "仕") {
if (index_s.empty())
cout << "6. 仕 ";
index_s.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[r_d[i]]->m_Name == "相") {
if (index_x.empty())
cout << "7. 相 ";
index_x.push_back(r_d[i]);
}
}
}
if (tab == 0) {
//黑方走棋，遍历黑方棋子总数
deque<int> b_d = Chess::getBchess();
for (int i = 0; i < b_d.size(); i++) {
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "将") {
if (index_j.empty())
cout << "1. 将 ";
index_j.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "卒") {
if (index_b.empty())
cout << "2. 卒 ";
index_b.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "车") {
if (index_c.empty())
cout << "3. 车 ";
index_c.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "马") {
if (index_m.empty())
cout << "4. 马 ";
index_m.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "炮") {
if (index_p.empty())
cout << "5. 炮 ";
index_p.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "士") {
if (index_s.empty())
cout << "6. 士 ";
index_s.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
if (Chess::d[b_d[i]]->m_Name == "象") {
if (index_x.empty())
cout << "7. 象 ";
index_x.push_back(b_d[i]);
}
}
}
cout << " 9. 求和 0.认输）" << endl;
retry:
cin >> select;
if (cin.fail()) {
cin.clear();
cin.ignore();
select = -1;
}
switch (select)
{
case 1:
return index_j[0];
case 2:
if (!(index_b.empty())){
return selectChess(index_b);
}
case 3:
if (!(index_c.empty())) {
isMore = true;
//用全局变量存储多步棋的下标
mChessIndex = selectChess(index_c);
return mChessIndex;
}
case 4:
if (!(index_m.empty())) {
return selectChess(index_m);
}
case 5:
if (!(index_p.empty())) {
isMore = true;
//用全局变量存储多步棋的下标
mChessIndex = selectChess(index_p);
return mChessIndex;
}
case 6:
if (!(index_s.empty())) {
return selectChess(index_s);
}
case 7:
if (!(index_x.empty())) {
return selectChess(index_x);
}
case 9:
return -1;
case 0:
return -2;
default:
cout << "棋子已死亡或没有该棋子！请重新选择" << endl;
goto retry;
}
return 0;
}
int selectChess(deque<int> ds) {
int num = ds.size(); //当前兵种有多少颗棋子
int select;
cout << "请选择：";
if (Chess::d[ds[0]]->m_Camp == 1) {
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
cout << i + 1 << ". " << Chess::d[ds[i]]->m_Name << Chess::d[ds[i]]->xNumToChar() << " ";
}
}
if (Chess::d[ds[0]]->m_Camp == 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
cout << i + 1 << ". " << Chess::d[ds[i]]->m_Name << Chess::d[ds[i]]->getPos().m_x << " ";
}
}
cout << "0. 返回" << endl;
retry2:
cin >> select;
switch (select)
{
case 1:
return ds[0];
break;
case 2:
if(select<=num)
return ds[1];
break;
case 3:
if (select <= num)
return ds[2];
break;
case 4:
if (select <= num)
return ds[3];
break;
case 5:
if (select <= num)
return ds[4];
break;
case 0:
isMore = false;
return -3;
default:
break;
}
cout << "棋子已死亡或没有该棋子！请重新选择" << endl;
goto retry2;
}
//Layout.h
#pragma once
#include <deque>
#include "Chess.h"
#define LINE "—"
#define VLINE "| "
#define SPACE " "
#define SLASH "/ "
#define BSLASH "\\ "
#define BSLASH "\\ "
#define NODE "+ "
void color(int a);
void Layout();
void Board();
void Check();
string spSign(int x,int y);
int selectChess();
int selectChess(deque<int>);
deque<Chess*> InitChess();
/*
原始局面
cout << "1 ==2 ==3 ==4 ==5 ==6 ==7 ==8 ==9 " <<endl;
cout << "车—马—象—士—将—士—象—马—车" << endl;
cout << "| | | | \\ | / | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | / | \\ | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —炮—+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —炮—+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "卒—+ —卒—+ —卒—+ —卒—+ —卒" << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "—————————————————" << endl;
cout << "| 楚河 汉界 | " << endl;
cout << "—————————————————" << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "兵—+ —兵—+ —兵—+ —兵—+ —兵" << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —砲—+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —砲—+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | \\ | / | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | / | \\ | | | | " << endl;
cout << "車—馬—相—仕—帅—仕—相—馬—車" << endl;
cout << "九==八==七==六==五==四==三==二==一" <<endl;
*/
/*
空棋盘
cout << "1 ==2 ==3 ==4 ==5 ==6 ==7 ==8 ==9 " <<endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | \\ | / | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | / | \\ | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "—————————————————" << endl;
cout << "| 楚河 汉界 | " << endl;
cout << "—————————————————" << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | | | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | \\ | / | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "| | | | / | \\ | | | | " << endl;
cout << "+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ —+ " << endl;
cout << "九==八==七==六==五==四==三==二==一" <<endl;
*/
//config.h----------所需的头文件库
#pragma once
#include "Jiang.h"
#include "Bing.h"
#include "Shi.h"
#include "Xiang.h"
#include "Che.h"
#include "Pao.h"
#include "Ma.h"
其余还有许多棋子的源码，这里就不一一展示了，想了解全部源码的话可以到 GitHub - LunarMeal/Chess 自行拿取
更多功能
接下来就是完成被将军的检测与提示，然后在这个基础上强制玩家应将（不过我感觉不强制应将的话比较好，像现实走棋一样让玩家去摸索）。然后完成棋谱的导入和导出功能（可以按照当前棋形打印一份txt文件保存下来，然后在主菜单界面加一个导入棋谱的功能，获取所有棋子的信息来继续当前对局，当然也可以自己按照格式手写棋谱）
这篇关于用C++实现中国象棋的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！
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