自定义线程类继承Thread类
重写run()方法,编写线程执行体
创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程方式一:继承Thread类 重写run()方法,调用start开启线程
public class TestThread1 extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { //run方法线程体 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在看代码"+i); } } //main线程,主线程 public static void main(String[] args) { //创建一个线程对象 TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1(); //调用start()方法开启线程(交替执行) testThread1.start(); //调用run()方法先执行run()再执行主方法 //testThread1.run(); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在执行多线程"+i); } } } /*注意!线程开启不一定立即执行,由CPU调度执行*/
定义MyRunnable类实现Runnable接口
实现run()方法,编写线程执行体
创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
//创建线程方式2:实现runnable接口,重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable类接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { //run方法线程体 for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在看代码"+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //创建runnable接口的实现类对象 TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3(); //创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程 Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3); thread.start(); //简写 newThread(testThread3).start(); for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { System.out.println("我在执行多线程"+i); } } }
实现Callable接口,需要返回值类型
重写call方法,需要抛出异常
创建目标对象
创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1);
提交执行
Future<Boolean>result1 = ser.submit(t1);
获取结果
boolean r1 = result.get()
关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
/*图片下载案例 callable方法实现*/
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils; import java.io.File; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.URL; import java.util.concurrent.*; /** * TODO * * @author wlj * @version 1.0 * @Description * @date 2022/1/15 16:39 */ /* callable的好处 可以抛出异常 具有返回值 */ //线程创建方式三:实现callable接口 public class TestCallable implements Callable<Boolean> { private String url;//网络图片地址 private String name;//保存的文件名 public TestCallable(String url, String name) { this.url = url; this.name = name; } @Override public Boolean call() { WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader(); webDownloader.downloader(url, name); System.out.println("下载了文件名为:" + name); return true; } public static void main(String[] args) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException { TestCallable testThread1 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "1.jpg"); TestCallable testThread2 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "2.jpg"); TestCallable testThread3 = new TestCallable("https://webstatic.mihoyo.com/upload/puzzle/2021/12/22/1a4f9ac397162af7b11616ea7acb5115_4472408160447119381.png", "3.jpg"); /*======================================================================*/ //创建执行服务 线程池 ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); //提交执行 Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(testThread1); Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(testThread2); Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(testThread3); //获取结果 boolean rs1 = r1.get(); boolean rs2 = r2.get(); boolean rs3 = r3.get(); //打印返回结果 System.out.println(rs1); System.out.println(rs2); System.out.println(rs3); //关闭服务 ser.shutdownNow(); /*====================================================================*/ } } //下载器 class WebDownloader { //下载方法 public void downloader(String url, String name) { try { FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name)); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题"); } } }
sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
sleep存在异常InterruptedException
sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
sleep可以模拟网络延时,倒计时
每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
//模拟倒计时 public class TestSleep2 { public static void main(String[] args) { // try { // tenDown(); // } catch (InterruptedException e) { // e.printStackTrace(); // } //打印当前时间 Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取当前系统时间 while(true){ try { Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime)); startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间 } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{ int num = 10; while (true) { Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println(num--); if(num<=0){ break; } } } }
不推荐使用JDK提供的stop(),destory()方法【已废弃】
推荐线程自己停止下来
建议使用一个标志位进行终止变量,当flag = false,则终止线程运行
//测试stop //1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环 //2.建议使用标志位--->摄制一个标志位 //3.不要使用stop或者destroy等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法 public class TestStop implements Runnable{ //1.设置一个标识位 private boolean flag = true; @Override public void run() { int i = 0; while(flag){ System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++); } } //2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位 public void stop(){ this.flag = false; } public static void main(String[] args) { TestStop testStop = new TestStop(); new Thread(testStop).start(); for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { System.out.println("main"+i); if(i == 900){ //调用自己写的stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止 testStop.stop(); } } } }
礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功
//测试礼让线程 //礼让不一定成功,看CPU心情 public class TestYield { public static void main(String[] args) { MyYield myYield = new MyYield(); new Thread(myYield,"a").start(); new Thread(myYield,"b").start(); } } class MyYield implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行"); Thread.yield();//礼让 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行"); } }
//测试Join方法, 想象为插队 public class TestJoin implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) { System.out.println("vip线程来了"+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException{ //启动我们的线程 TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin(); Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin); thread.start(); //主线程 for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) { if(i == 200){ thread.join();//插队 } System.out.println("main"+i); } } }
public class TestState { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread thread = new Thread(()->{ for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } System.out.println("///"); }); //观察状态 Thread.State state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state); //NEW //观察启动后 thread.start();//启动线程 state = thread.getState(); System.out.println(state);//Run while(state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止 就一直输出状态 Thread.sleep(100); state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态 System.out.println(state);//打印线程状态 } } }
线程的优先级用数字表示,范围从1~10
Thread.MIN_PRIORITY = 1;
Thread.MAX_PRIORITY = 10;
Thread.NORM_PRIORITY = 5;
使用以下方式改变或获取优先级
getPriority()
setPriority(int xxx)
public class TestPriority { public static void main(String[] args) { //主线程默认优先级 System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority(); Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority); Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority); //先设置优先级,在启动 t1.start(); t2.setPriority(1); t2.start(); t3.setPriority(4); t3.start(); t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY); t4.start(); } } class MyPriority implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority()); } }
线程分为用户线程和守护线程
虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
如:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待
//测试守护线程 public class TestDaemon { public static void main(String[] args) { God god = new God(); You you = new You(); Thread thread = new Thread(god); thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程 thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动 new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动 } } //上帝 class God implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { while(true){ System.out.println("上帝保佑你"); } } } //你 class You implements Runnable{ @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) { System.out.println("你一生都开心地活着"); } System.out.println("-====goodbye! world!====-"); } }