Centos 7 安装MySQL8

一.下载软件

地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/

二.解压

tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar 

解压后的文件有

[root@CentOSA mysql]# ll
总用量 1635440
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  837345280 1月   2 22:50 mysql-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  55178328 9月  29 15:33 mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   5932800 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415    641616 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   7760100 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-devel-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  23637616 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-embedded-compat-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   4935900 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   1264256 9月  29 15:34 mysql-community-libs-compat-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 470252428 9月  29 15:36 mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 267724484 9月  29 15:38 mysql-community-test-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

三.安装

先查看一下是否已经安装了，命令：rpm -qa|grep mariadb

[root@CentOSA ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@CentOSA ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs

然后再安装 。先看看我的安装日志，对安装的顺序还是有一定的要求的，如果报错，根据报错信息调整安装包的次序

// 下面是必须安装的
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm   //第一个
警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-common-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm   //报错  需要先安装 mysql-community-client-plugins
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
	mysql-community-client-plugins = 8.0.27-1.el7 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64 需要
	
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  //第二个
警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]
   
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm  //第三个
警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-libs-8.0.27-1.el7################################# [100%]
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm    //第四个
警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-client-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]
[root@CentOSA mysql]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm    //第五个
警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:mysql-community-server-8.0.27-1.e################################# [100%]
   

其余几个包可以根据需求自行安装

四.启动

查询状态

[root@CentOSA mysql]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: inactive (dead)
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

启动

[root@CentOSA mysql]# systemctl start mysqld  //报错
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -
xe" for details.

排错

//查询状态
[root@CentOSA mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 日 2022-01-02 23:13:24 CST; 1min 30s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 10303 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/mysqld $MYSQLD_OPTS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
  Process: 10278 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10303 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
   Status: "Server startup in progress"
    Error: 13 (权限不够)

//查看配置文件 里面的错误日志位置
[root@CentOSA ~]# less /var/log/mysqld.log
2022-01-02T15:13:09.566926Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-01-02T15:13:10.315470Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-01-02T15:13:11.310375Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-01-02T15:13:11.310585Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-01-02T15:13:11.351949Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: /?gWV)zT0v*,
2022-01-02T15:13:23.815821Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.27) starting as process 10303
2022-01-02T15:13:23.981996Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010075] [Server] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time th
at this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 8760b352-6bde-11ec-b55e-000c2957646d.mysqld: File '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf' not found (OS errno 13 - Permission denied)  //关键信息
2022-01-02T15:13:23.984477Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010183] [Server] Failed to create file(file: '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf', errno 13)
2022-01-02T15:13:23.984491Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010076] [Server] Initialization of the server's UUID failed because it could not be read from t
he auto.cnf file. If this is a new server, the initialization failed because it was not possible to generate a new UUID.2022-01-02T15:13:23.984652Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting
2022-01-02T15:13:23.985952Z 0 [System] [MY-010910] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: Shutdown complete (mysqld 8.0.27)  MySQL Community Server -
 GPL.2022-01-02T15:22:33.438002Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.27) starting as process 10401
2022-01-02T15:22:33.614273Z 0 [Warning] [MY-000054] [Server] World-writable config file '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf' is ignored.
2022-01-02T15:22:33.614701Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010107] [Server] World-writable config file '/var/lib/mysql/auto.cnf' has been removed.
2022-01-02T15:22:33.626367Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010075] [Server] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time th
at this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: cefdc6e3-6bdf-11ec-b9b9-000c2957646d.2022-01-02T15:22:33.683083Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2022-01-02T15:22:34.462945Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2022-01-02T15:22:35.047838Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-01-02T15:22:35.047947Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013746] [Server] A deprecated TLS version TLSv1.1 is enabled for channel mysql_main
2022-01-02T15:22:35.051540Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed.
2022-01-02T15:22:35.051664Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now s
upported for this channel.2022-01-02T15:22:35.090664Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.27'  socket: '/var/lib
/mysql/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  MySQL Community Server - GPL.2022-01-02T15:22:35.091684Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/
run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock/var/log/mysqld.log (END)


//直接找到这个文件夹 授权即可
[root@CentOSA ~]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@CentOSA mysql]# ls
auto.cnf      ca.pem           #ib_16384_0.dblwr  ibdata1      #innodb_temp  performance_schema  server-cert.pem  undo_001
binlog.index  client-cert.pem  #ib_16384_1.dblwr  ib_logfile0  mysql         private_key.pem     server-key.pem   undo_002
ca-key.pem    client-key.pem   ib_buffer_pool     ib_logfile1  mysql.ibd     public_key.pem      sys
//粗暴授权 当然可以根据要求来授权
[root@CentOSA mysql]# chmod -R 777 auto.cnf

启动

[root@CentOSA mysql]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@CentOSA mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service
● mysqld.service - MySQL Server
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since 日 2022-01-02 23:22:35 CST; 4s ago
     Docs: man:mysqld(8)
           http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
  Process: 10377 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 10401 (mysqld)
   Status: "Server is operational"
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           └─10401 /usr/sbin/mysqld

1月 02 23:22:32 CentOSA systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server...
1月 02 23:22:35 CentOSA systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.

安装成功！！

进入mysql

[root@CentOSA ~]# mysql -u root   //进不去
ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)

//修改配置文件  最后添加  skip-grant-tables
vi /etc/my.cnf

datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
skip-grant-tables

//重启 可以
[root@CentOSA my.cnf.d]# systemctl stop  mysqld
[root@CentOSA my.cnf.d]# systemctl start mysqld


//进入
[root@CentOSA my.cnf.d]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 8.0.27 MySQL Community Server - GPL

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

修改密码

mysql> use mysql;                                           
mysql> update user set authentication_string='' where user='root';               ## 将密码设置为空（必须在mysql库设置）
mysql> exit
[root@xiaoyaoji ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf                                               ##删除skip那一行
[root@xiaoyaoji ~]# systemctl restart mysqld  // 重启服务
[root@xiaoyaoji ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password:     ##直接回车
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'root';    ##设置密码
mysql> exit

授权

[root@xiaoyaoji ~]# mysql -uroot -proot                                 
在mysql8.0中 授权语句已经更换，使用之前的sql语句授权会报错；
mysql> create user 'root'@'%' identified by 'Root@123';                           ##创建可以所有用户都可以访问的用户规则
mysql> grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%';                                 ##对这个用户规则进行授权
mysql> flush privileges;                                                          ##刷新权限
mysql> exit

使用工具就可以连接了