所有的演示都基于表Student,Student 的创建语句如下:
create table if not exists Student( id int, name varchar(20), math float, english float, chinese float );
insert into 表名 values(字段1对应值,字段2对应值,...);
示例:
insert into Student values(9, "root", 99, 99, 99);
插入之后Student表的内容如下:
insert into 表名 values (字段1对应值,字段2对应值,...), (字段1对应值,字段2对应值,...);
行与行之间的数据需要用逗号(,)隔开
示例:
insert into Student values (1, "张三", 66, 59, 78), (2, "李四", 88, 91, 57);
插入之后Student表的内容:
insert into 表名(字段1,字段2) values(字段1对应值,字段2对应值);
示例:
insert into Student(id, name, math, english) values(3, "尼古拉斯赵四", 66, 66);
插入之后Student表的内容:
insert into 表名(字段1,字段2)values (字段1对应值,字段2对应值), (字段1对应值,字段2对应值);
行与行之间的数据需要用逗号(,)隔开
示例:
insert into Student(id, name, math, english) values (4, "莱昂纳多傲天", 99, 67), (5, "施瓦辛格张大三", 88, 88);
插入之后Student表的内容:
select * from Student;
查询结果:
select 字段1, 字段2 from 表名;
示例:
select id, name, math, english from Student;
查询结果:
select 字段1, 字段2, 表达式 from 表名;
select id, name, 1024 from Student;
查询结果:
select id, name, math + 10 from Student;
查询结果:
3. 表达式包含多个字段
示例:
select id, name, math + english + chinese from Student;
查询结果:
为查询结果的指定别名作为独立的一列进行显示
select 表达式 [as] 别名 from 表名;
as可以省略
示例:
select id, name, math + english + chinese as total from Student;
查询结果:
使用distinct关键字对某列数据进行去重
select distinct 列名 from 表名;
示例:
select distinct math from Student;
查询结果对比:
asc:按照升序(从小到大)排列
desc:按照降序(从大到小)排列
select 字段1, 字段2, ... from 表明 where 条件 order by 字段名 asc/desc;
排序规则:
示例1:
不指定排序方式,按照升序排列
select math from Student order by math;
查询结果:
示例2:
NULL值的排序
select id, name, chinese from Student order by chinese;
查询结果:
示例3:
使用表达式的别名进行排序
select *, math + chinese + english as total from Student order by total;
查询结果:
示例4:
多个字段排序的优先级随书写顺序
select * from Student order by math desc, english, chinese;
先按照math进行降序排列,如果math值相同,按照english进行升序排列,如果english值相同,按照chinese进行升序排列
查询结果:
通过where关键字连接查询条件
运算符 | 说明 |
---|---|
>、>=、<、<= | 大于、大于等于、小于、小于等于 |
= | 等于, NULL值的比较不安全 |
<=> | 等于, NULL值的比较是安全的 |
!=、<> | 不等于 |
between x and y | 范围匹配,字段值大于等于x,并且小于等于y |
in(字段值1, 字段值2, ...) | 如果在选项中,返回true |
is null | 判断是不是NULL值,是则返回true |
is not null | 判断是不是非NULL值,是则返回true |
like | 模糊匹配 %表示任意多个字符(包括0个字符), _表示任意一个字符 |
示例1:
select * from Student where math between 80 and 100;
查询结果:
示例2:
select * from Student where name in("张三", "李四", "王麻子");
查询结果:
示例3:
select * from Student where chinese is null;
查询结果:
示例4:
select * from Student where chinese is not null;
查询结果:
示例5:
select * from Student where name like "%四";
查询结果:
示例6:
select * from Student where name like "张_";
查询结果:
运算符 | 说明 |
---|---|
and | 所有条件全为真,结果为真 |
or | 所有条件全为假,结果为假 |
not | 条件为真,结果为假;条件为假,结果为真 |
示例1:
select * from Student where math > 80 and english > 80;
查询结果:
示例2:
select * from Student where not math > 90 and english > 80;
not的优先级高于and,先执行not运算,所以最后的条件是math <= 90 并且 english > 80;
查询结果:
update 表明 set 字段1 = 字段1新值, 字段2 = 字段2新值 where 条件;
示例1:
update Student set chinese = 44 where name = "尼古拉斯赵四";
执行过程:
示例2:
update Student set math = 100, english = english + 1, chinese = 100 where name = "root";
执行过程:
delete from 表名 where 条件;
示例:
delete from Student where math > 70;
执行过程:
delete from 表名;
示例:
delete from Student;
执行过程: