Ansbile是一种IT自动化工具。它可以配置系统,部署软件以及协调更高级的IT任务,列如持续部署,滚动更新。
Ansible 适用于管理企业IT基础设施,从具有少数主机的小规模到数千个实例的企业环境。Ansible 也是一种简单的自动化语言,可以完美地描述IT应用程序基础结构。
具备以下三个特点:
使用文档:https://releases.ansible.com/ansible/
安装 Ansible:
[root@ops ~]# yum install epel-release [root@ops ~]# yum install ansible -y
[root@ops ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [webservers] 192.168.1.101 192.168.1.102 192.168.1.103
SSH密码认证:
[root@ops ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [webservers] 192.168.1.101 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=’Admin@1234’ 192.168.1.102 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=’Admin@1234’ 192.168.1.103 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_pass=’Admin@1234’
SSH密钥对认证:
[root@ops ~]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts [webservers] 192.168.1.101 ansible_ssh_user=root ansible_ssh_key=/root/.ssh/id_rsa 192.168.1.102 ansible_ssh_user=root ’ 192.168.1.103 ansible_ssh_user=root 也可以在配置文件中指定: [defaults] private_key_file = /root/.ssh/id_rsa # 默认路径
选项 | 描述 |
---|---|
-C, --check | 运行检查,不执行任何操作 |
-e EXTRA_VARS,–extra-vars=EXTRA_VARS | 设置附加变量 key=value |
-u REMOTE_USER, --user=REMOTE_USER | SSH连接用户,默认None |
-k, --ask-pass | SSH连接用户密码 |
-b, --become | 提权,默认root |
-K, --ask-become-pass | 提权密码 |
[root@ops ~]# ansible all -m ping 192.168.1.102 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.1.103 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } 192.168.1.101 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "ping": "pong" } [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls /root" -u root -k SSH password: 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64 etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> ca.cer cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl_linux-amd64 components.yaml config.yaml istio-1.11.4 istio-1.11.4-linux-amd64.tar.gz transit.nolpay.ae.cer 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
ansible-doc –l 查看所有模块
ansible-doc –s copy 查看模块文档
在目标主机执行shell命令
[root@ops ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "chdir='/var/log/' ls -l | grep log" 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 4 03:17 boot.log -rw-------. 1 root root 9219 Nov 4 03:17 boot.log-20211104 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 292000 Nov 24 10:59 lastlog -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 21 03:16 maillog -rw-------. 1 root root 198 Mar 31 2021 maillog-20211107 -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 7 03:43 maillog-20211114 -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 14 03:32 maillog-20211121 -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Mar 31 2021 tallylog -rw-------. 1 root root 4480 Nov 4 14:21 yum.log 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 5 03:45 boot.log -rw-------. 1 root root 9305 Nov 4 03:14 boot.log-20211104 -rw------- 1 root root 8383 Nov 5 03:45 boot.log-20211105 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 292000 Nov 24 10:59 lastlog -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 21 03:40 maillog -rw-------. 1 root root 424 Nov 4 14:27 maillog-20211107 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 7 03:21 maillog-20211114 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 03:49 maillog-20211121 -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Mar 31 2021 tallylog -rw-------. 1 root root 4480 Nov 4 14:21 yum.log 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Nov 5 03:12 boot.log -rw-------. 1 root root 9241 Nov 4 03:08 boot.log-20211104 -rw------- 1 root root 8294 Nov 5 03:12 boot.log-20211105 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 292000 Nov 24 10:59 lastlog -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 21 03:43 maillog -rw-------. 1 root root 424 Nov 4 15:41 maillog-20211107 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 7 03:31 maillog-20211114 -rw------- 1 root root 0 Nov 14 03:25 maillog-20211121 -rw-------. 1 root root 0 Mar 31 2021 tallylog -rw-------. 1 root root 7792 Nov 4 14:43 yum.log
参数说明:
chdir参数 : 此参数的作用就是指定一个目录,在执行对应的命令之前,会先进入到 chdir 参数指定的目录中
**executable参数:**默认情况下,shell 模块会调用远程主机中的 /bin/sh 去执行对应的命令,通常情况下,远程主机中的默认 shell 都是 bash。如果你想要使用其他类型的 shell 执行命令,则可以使用此参数指定某种类型的 shell 去执行对应的命令。指定 shell 文件时,需要使用绝对路径
**removes参数 :**使用此参数指定一个文件,当指定的文件不存在时,就不执行对应命令
**creates参数 :**使用此参数指定一个文件,当指定的文件存在时,就不执行对应命令
**free_form参数 :**必须参数,指定需要远程执行的命令,但是并没有具体的一个参数名叫free_form
,
将文件复制到远程主机
[root@ops ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=ArmsAgent.tar.gz dest=/tmp/" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "08dcb6dbe63eeeb42628dfe9cc14e4e9", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 46325347, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637724228.32-26808-199044113552898/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "08dcb6dbe63eeeb42628dfe9cc14e4e9", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 46325347, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637724228.61-26806-205389838720285/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "md5sum": "08dcb6dbe63eeeb42628dfe9cc14e4e9", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 46325347, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637724228.5-26804-266077367101765/source", "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m copy -a "src=ArmsAgent.tar.gz dest=/tmp/ owner=root group=root mode=777" 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:admin_home_t:s0", "size": 46325347, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "size": 46325347, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "checksum": "0b0fed4f40a4bf83fe174309e17273cdeedb9c2e", "dest": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/ArmsAgent.tar.gz", "size": 46325347, "state": "file", "uid": 0 }
参数说明:
rw-r--r--
“,则可以使用mode=0644
表示,如果你想要在user对应的权限位上添加执行权限,则可以使用mode=u+x
表示管理文件和文件属性
# 创建文件 [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/kubesre state=touch" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/kubesre", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/kubesre", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp/kubesre", "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0644", "owner": "root", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp/kubesre" 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 /tmp/kubesre 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 /tmp/kubesre 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 /tmp/kubesre # 创建目录 [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/test state=directory" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/test", "size": 6, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/test", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 6, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0755", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/test", "size": 6, "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m shell -a "ls -l /tmp" 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total 45240 drwx------. 2 root root 41 Nov 24 11:48 ansible_command_payload_ceyqUR -rwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 46325347 Nov 24 11:23 ArmsAgent.tar.gz -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 kubesre drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Nov 24 11:48 test 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total 45240 drwx------ 2 root root 41 Nov 24 11:48 ansible_command_payload_IyoZG8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46325347 Nov 24 11:23 ArmsAgent.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 kubesre drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 24 11:48 test 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED | rc=0 >> total 45240 drwx------ 2 root root 41 Nov 24 11:48 ansible_command_payload_guMhZe -rwxrwxrwx 1 root root 46325347 Nov 24 11:23 ArmsAgent.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Nov 24 11:37 kubesre drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 6 Nov 24 11:48 test # 删除目录 [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/test state=absent" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "path": "/tmp/test", "state": "absent" } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "path": "/tmp/test", "state": "absent" } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "path": "/tmp/test", "state": "absent" } # 修改属性 [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m file -a "path=/tmp/kubesre mode=777" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/kubesre", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/kubesre", "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_tmp_t:s0", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "mode": "0777", "owner": "root", "path": "/tmp/kubesre", "size": 0, "state": "file", "uid": 0 }
参数说明:
path:要操作的文件或目录
state:此参数非常灵活,此参数对应的值需要根据情况设定,比如,当我们需要在远程主机中创建一个目录的时候,我们需要使用path参数指定对应的目录路径,假设,我想要在远程主机上创建/testdir/a/b目录,那么我则需要设置path=/testdir/a/b,但是,我们无法从"/testdir/a/b"这个路径看出b是一个文件还是一个目录,ansible也同样无法单单从一个字符串就知道你要创建文件还是目录,所以,我们需要通过state参数进行说明,当我们想要创建的/testdir/a/b是一个目录时,需要将state的值设置为directory,"directory"为目录之意,当它与path结合,ansible就能知道我们要操作的目标是一个目录,同理,当我们想要操作的/testdir/a/b是一个文件时,则需要将state的值设置为touch,当我们想要创建软链接文件时,需将state设置为link,想要创建硬链接文件时,需要将state设置为hard,当我们想要删除一个文件时(删除时不用区分目标是文件、目录、还是链接),则需要将state的值设置为absent,"absent"为缺席之意,当我们想让操作的目标"缺席"时,就表示我们想要删除目标
src:当state设置为link或者hard时,表示我们想要创建一个软链或者硬链,所以,我们必须指明软链或硬链链接的哪个文件,通过src参数即可指定链接源。
force : 当state=link的时候,可配合此参数强制创建链接文件,当force=yes时,表示强制创建链接文件,不过强制创建链接文件分为两种情况,情况一:当你要创建的链接文件指向的源文件并不存在时,使用此参数,可以先强制创建出链接文件。情况二:当你要创建链接文件的目录中已经存在与链接文件同名的文件时,将force设置为yes,回将同名文件覆盖为链接文件,相当于删除同名文件,创建链接文件。情况三:当你要创建链接文件的目录中已经存在与链接文件同名的文件,并且链接文件指向的源文件也不存在,这时会强制替换同名文件为链接文件。
owner :用于指定被操作文件的属主,属主对应的用户必须在远程主机中存在,否则会报错。
group :用于指定被操作文件的属组,属组对应的组必须在远程主机中存在,否则会报错。
mode:用于指定被操作文件的权限,比如,如果想要将文件权限设置为"rw-r-x—",则可以使用mode=650进行设置,或者使用mode=0650,效果也是相同的,如果你想要设置特殊权限,比如为二进制文件设置suid,则可以使用mode=4700,很方便吧。
recurse:当要操作的文件为目录,将recurse设置为yes,可以递归的修改目录中文件的属性。
**absent:**表示卸载
软件包管理
# 安装Nginx [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name=http://nginx.org/packages/rhel/7/x86_64/RPMS/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.ngx.x86_64.rpm state=present" # 卸载Nginx [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name=nginx state=absent" # 更新所有包 [root@ops ~]# ansible all -m yum -a "name='*' state=latest"
管理服务
[root@ops ~]# ansible all -m systemd -a "name=nginx state=restarted enabled=yes"
解压到远程机器指定目录
[root@ops ~]# ansible all -m unarchive -a "src=ArmsAgent.tar.gz dest=/tmp" 192.168.1.103 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp", "extract_results": { "cmd": [ "/usr/bin/gtar", "--extract", "-C", "/tmp", "-z", "-f", "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734297.88-28601-94567791333261/source" ], "err": "", "out": "", "rc": 0 }, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "handler": "TgzArchive", "mode": "01777", "owner": "root", "size": 240, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734297.88-28601-94567791333261/source", "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.102 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp", "extract_results": { "cmd": [ "/usr/bin/gtar", "--extract", "-C", "/tmp", "-z", "-f", "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734298.15-28599-160150628668658/source" ], "err": "", "out": "", "rc": 0 }, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "handler": "TgzArchive", "mode": "01777", "owner": "root", "secontext": "system_u:object_r:tmp_t:s0", "size": 240, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734298.15-28599-160150628668658/source", "state": "directory", "uid": 0 } 192.168.1.101 | CHANGED => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": true, "dest": "/tmp", "extract_results": { "cmd": [ "/usr/bin/gtar", "--extract", "-C", "/tmp", "-z", "-f", "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734298.01-28597-226262773743899/source" ], "err": "", "out": "", "rc": 0 }, "gid": 0, "group": "root", "handler": "TgzArchive", "mode": "01777", "owner": "root", "size": 240, "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1637734298.01-28597-226262773743899/source", "state": "directory", "uid": 0 }
执行过程中打印语句
- debug: msg: System {{ inventory_hostname }} has uuid {{ ansible_product_uuid }} - name: 显示主机已知的所有变量 debug: var: hostvars[inventory_hostname] verbosity: 4
变量是应用于多个主机的便捷方式,际在主机执行之前,变量会对每个主机添加,然后在执行中引用。
[webservers] # 主机变量 192.168.1.101 hostname=web1 192.168.1.102 hostname=web2 192.168.1.103 hostname=web3 [webservers:vars] # 组变量 group=webservers
- shell: /usr/bin/uptime register: result - debug: var: result verbosity: 2
Playbooks是Ansible的配置,部署和编排语言。他们可以描述您希望在远程机器做哪些事或者描述IT流程中一系列步骤。使用易读的YAML格式组织Playbook文件。
如果Ansible模块是您工作中的工具,那么Playbook就是您的使用说明书,而您的主机资产文件就是您的原材料。
与adhoc任务执行模式相比,Playbooks使用ansible是一种完全不同的方式,并且功能特别强大。
https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/user_guide/pl
--- - hosts: webservers vars: http_port: 80 server_name: www.kubesre.com remote_user: root gather_facts: false tasks: - name: 安装nginx最新版 yum: pkg=nginx state=latest - name: 写入nginx配置文件 template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf notify: - restart nginx - name: 确保nginx正在运行 service: name=httpd state=started handlers: - name: restart nginx service: name=nginx state=reloaded
- hosts: webservers remote_user: root become: yes become_user: nginx
解释说明:
yes
sudo
,su
,pfexec
,doas
,pbrun
,dzdo
,ksu
,runas
,machinectl
play
或task
级别上,允许为任务或角色使用特定的标志。一种常见的用法是,当shell
设置为no login
时,将用户更改为nobody
。此指令是在Ansible 2.2中添加。Ansible中的首选做法是不将变量存储在Inventory中。
除了将变量直接存储在Inventory文件之外,主机和组变量还可以存储在相对于Inventory文件的单个文件中。
- hosts: webservers vars: http_port: 80 server_name: www.kubesre.com
每个play包含一系列任务。这些任务按照顺序执行,在play中,所有主机都会执行相同的任务指令。play目的是将选择的主机映射到任务。
tasks: - name: 安装nginx最新版 yum: pkg=nginx state=latest
语法检查:ansible-playbook --check /path/to/playbook.yaml
测试运行,不实际操作:ansible-playbook -C /path/to/playbook.yaml
debug模块在执行期间打印语句,对于调试变量或表达式,而不必停止play。与’when:'指令一起调试更佳。
- hosts: webserver tasks: - debug: msg: {{group_names}} - debug: msg: {{inventory_hostname}} - debug: msg: {{ansible_hostname}}
如果你有一个大的剧本,那么能够在不运行整个剧本的情况下运行特定部分可能会很有用。
tasks: - name: 安装nginx最新版 yum: pkg=nginx state=latest tags: install - name: 写入nginx配置文件 template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf tags: config
使用:
ansible-playbook example.yml --tags "install" ansible-playbook example.yml --tags "install,config" ansible-playbook example.yml --skip-tags "install"
条件:
tasks: - name: 只在192.168.1.100运行任务 debug: msg="{{ansible_default_ipv4.address}}" when: ansible_default_ipv4.address == '192.168.1.100'
循环:
tasks: - name: 批量创建用户 user: name={{ item }} state=present groups=wheel with_items: - testuser1 - testuser2
- name: 解压 copy: src={{ item }} dest=/tmp with_fileglob: - "*.txt"
常用循环语句:
语句 | 描述 |
---|---|
with_items | 标准循环 |
with_fileglob | 遍历目录文件 |
with_dict | 遍历字典 |
tasks: - name: 写入nginx配置文件 template: src=/srv/httpd.j2 dest=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
定义变量
{% set local_ip = inventory_hostname %}
条件和循环:
{% set list=['one', 'two', 'three'] %} {% for i in list %} {% if i == 'two' %} -> two {% elif loop.index == 3 %} -> 3 {% else %} {{i}} {% endif %} {% endfor %}
例如:生成连接etcd字符串
{% for host in groups['etcd'] %} https://{{ hostvars[host].inventory_hostname }}:2379 {% if not loop.last %},{% endif %} {% endfor %}
里面也可以用ansible的变量。
Roles是基于已知文件结构自动加载某些变量文件,任务和处理程序的方法。按角色对内容进行分组,适合构建复杂的部署环境。
Roles目录结构:
site.yml webservers.yml fooservers.yml roles/ common/ tasks/ handlers/ files/ templates/ vars/ defaults/ meta/ webservers/ tasks/ defaults/ meta/
tasks
-包含角色要执行的任务的主要列表。handlers
-包含处理程序,此角色甚至在此角色之外的任何地方都可以使用这些处理程序。defaults
-角色的默认变量vars
-角色的其他变量files
-包含可以通过此角色部署的文件。templates
-包含可以通过此角色部署的模板。meta
-为此角色定义一些元数据。请参阅下面的更多细节。通常的做法是从tasks/main.yml
文件中包含特定于平台的任务:
# roles/webservers/tasks/main.yml - name: added in 2.4, previously you used 'include' import_tasks: redhat.yml when: ansible_facts['os_family']|lower == 'redhat' - import_tasks: debian.yml when: ansible_facts['os_family']|lower == 'debian' # roles/webservers/tasks/redhat.yml - yum: name: "httpd" state: present # roles/webservers/tasks/debian.yml - apt: name: "apache2" state: present
# site.yml - hosts: webservers roles: - common - webservers 定义多个: - name: 0 gather_facts: false hosts: all roles: - common - name: 1 gather_facts: false hosts: all roles: - webservers
- name: 0.系统初始化 gather_facts: false hosts: all roles: - common tags: common
组变量: group_vars 存放的是组变量 group_vars/all.yml 表示所有主机有效,等同于[all:vars] grous_vars/etcd.yml 表示etcd组主机有效,等同于[etcd:vars]