效果图：

 代码实现：

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.awt.event.MouseListener;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
public  class FiveGame extends JFrame implements MouseListener{

    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
    //设置游戏界面
    //	屏幕分辨率求法:
    //		int w = f.getToolkit().getScreenSize().width;//宽度
    //		int h = f.getToolkit().getScreenSize().height;//高度
    int width = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize().width;
    int height = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit().getScreenSize().height;

    int x,y;  // 定义鼠标的坐标
    int[][] allChess = new int[15][15];   // 用数组来保存棋子，0表示无子，1表示黑子，2表示白子
    boolean isblack = true;   //用来表示黑子还是白子， true表示黑子   false表示白子
    boolean canPlay = true;   // 用来表示当前游戏是否结束
    String message = "黑方先行";
    String blackMessage = "无限制";
    String whiteMessage = "无限制";

    //保存棋谱，记录双方每一步落子的位置
    int[] chessX = new int[255];
    int[] chessY = new int[255];
    int countX,countY;

    //默认设置无时间限制
    int maxTime = 0;   //保存最大时间
    int blackTime = 0;
    int whileTime = 0;   //保存黑白方所剩余的时间

    public FiveGame(){
        this.setTitle("五子棋1.0");
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setLocation((width - 500) / 2 , (height - 500) / 2 );
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setResizable(false);  //设置窗口不可改变，固定窗口大小
        this.setVisible(true);

        this.repaint();  //java里repaint()是重绘component的方法；
        this.addMouseListener(this);


    }

    //画棋盘界面
    public void paint(Graphics g){
        //双缓冲技术
        BufferedImage buf = new BufferedImage(500, 500, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics g1 =  buf.createGraphics();  // 创建画笔
        g1.setColor(new Color(0,169,158));
        g1.fill3DRect(43, 60, 375, 375, true);

        for (int i = 0; i <= 15; i++) {
            g1.setColor(Color.WHITE);
            g1.drawLine(43, 60+i*25, 375+43, 60+i*25);  //画棋盘横线
            g1.drawLine(43+i*25, 60, 43+i*25, 375+60);  //画棋盘竖线
        }

        g1.setFont(new Font("黑体",Font.BOLD,20));
        g1.drawString("游戏信息:"+message,50,50);

        g1.drawRect(30, 440, 180, 40);
        g1.drawRect(250, 440, 180, 40);   //画黑方时间与白方时间字符串的边框
        g1.setFont(new Font("宋体",0,12));

        g1.drawString("黑方时间: "+blackMessage,40,465);
        g1.drawString("白方时间: "+whiteMessage,260,465);

        g1.drawRect(430,66,55,20);
        g1.drawString("重新开始",432,80); //重新开始按钮

        g1.drawRect(430,106,55,20);
        g1.drawString("游戏设置",432,120); //游戏设置按钮

        g1.drawRect(430,146, 55, 20);
        g1.drawString("游戏说明", 432, 160); // 游戏说明按钮

        g1.drawRect(430, 186, 55, 20);
        g1.drawString("退出游戏", 432, 200);  // 退出游戏按钮

        g1.drawRect(430, 246, 55, 20);
        g1.drawString("悔棋", 442, 260);  // 悔棋

        g1.drawRect(430, 286, 55, 20);
        g1.drawString("认输", 442, 300);  // 认输


        for(int i=0; i<15; i++){
            for (int j = 0; j < 15; j++) {
                //画实心黑子
                if(allChess[i][j] == 1){
                    int tempX = i*25+47;
                    int tempY = j*25+64;
                    g1.setColor(Color.BLACK);
                    g1.fillOval(tempX, tempY, 16, 16);
                    g1.setColor(Color.BLACK);
                    g1.drawOval(tempX, tempY, 16, 16);
                }

                //画实心白子
                if(allChess[i][j] == 2){
                    int tempX = i*25+47;
                    int tempY = j*25+64;
                    g1.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                    g1.fillOval(tempX, tempY, 16, 16);
                    g1.setColor(Color.WHITE);
                    g1.drawOval(tempX, tempY, 16, 16);
                }
            }
        }


        g.drawImage(buf, 0, 0,this);
    }



    public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
        if(canPlay){
            x=e.getX();
            y=e.getY();  // 用来获取鼠标坐标
            if(x>55 && x<= 405  && y>=72 && y<=420){
                //让鼠标在棋盘范围内
                if((x-55)%25>12){
                    x=(x-55)/25 + 1;
                }else {
                    x = (x-55)/25;
                }
                if((y-72)%25>12){
                    y=(y-72)/25 + 1;
                }else {
                    y=(y-72)/25;
                }

                //落子
                if(allChess[x][y] == 0){
                    chessX[countX++] = x;
                    chessY[countY++] = y;
                    if(isblack){
                        allChess[x][y] = 1;
                        isblack = false;
                        message = "白方下子";
                    }else {
                        allChess[x][y] = 2;
                        isblack = true;
                        message = "黑方下子";
                    }
                    this.repaint();

                    if(this.isWin()){
                        if(allChess[x][y] == 1){
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "游戏结束，黑方胜利");
                        }else {
                            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "游戏结束，白方胜利");
                        }
                        this.canPlay = false;  //表示游戏结束
                    }


                }
            }
        }

        //重新开始游戏
        if(e.getX() >=430 && e.getY() <= (428+55)  && e.getY() >= 66
                &&	e.getY() <= (66+20) ){
            int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, "是否重新开始游戏？");
            if(result == 0){
                restarGame();
            }
        }


        //游戏说明
        if(e.getX() >= 430 && e.getY() <= (430+55)  && e.getY() >=146
                &&	e.getY() <= (146+20) ){
            JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, "规则:横竖斜先连成五子者获胜!");
        }

        //退出游戏
        if(e.getX() >=430 && e.getX() <= (430+55)  && e.getY() >=186
                &&  e.getY() <= (186+20)){
            int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, "是否退出游戏？");
            if(result == 0){
                System.exit(0);
            }
        }

        //悔棋
        if(e.getX() >= 430 && e.getX() <= (430+55) && e.getY() >= 246
                &&  e.getY() <= (246+20)){
            int result = JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this,
                    (isblack == true ? "白方悔棋,黑方是否同意？" :"黑方悔棋，白方是否同意？"));
            // result = 0为悔棋
            if(result == 0){
                allChess[chessX[--countX]][chessY[--countY]]=0;
                if(isblack == true ){
                    isblack = false;
                }else {
                    isblack = true;
                }

                this.repaint();  //重绘棋盘
            }
        }

        //认输
        if(e.getX()>=430 && e.getX()<=(428+55) && e.getY()>=286
                && e.getY()<=(286+20)){
            int result=JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog(this, "是否认输?");
            if(result==0){
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this,
                        "游戏结束,"+(isblack==true ? "黑方认输，白方获胜!" : "白方认输，黑方获胜!"));
            }
        }

    }

    public void restarGame(){
        for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 15; j++) {
                allChess[i][j] = 0;  //清空棋盘的棋子
            }

        }

        //清空下棋棋子坐标的记录
        for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
            chessX[i] = 0;
            chessY[i] = 0;

        }

        countX =0;
        countY =0;
        message = "黑方先行";
        blackMessage = "无限制";
        whiteMessage = "无限制";
        blackTime = maxTime;
        whileTime = maxTime;
        isblack = true;
        canPlay = true;
        this.repaint();

    }



    /**
     * 判断输赢规则
     * @return
     */
    public boolean isWin(){
        boolean flag = false;
        int count = 1;  //用来保存共有相同颜色多少棋子相连，初始值为1
        int color = allChess[x][y];  //color = 1 (黑子) color = 2(白子)

        //判断横向是否有5个棋子相连，特点:纵坐标是相同，即allChess[x][y] 中y值是相同
        count = this.checkCount(1,0,color);
        if(count >= 5){
            flag = true;
        }else {
            //判断纵向
            count = this.checkCount(0,1,color);
            if(count >= 5){
                flag = true;
            }else {
                //判断右上,左下
                count = this.checkCount(1,-1,color);
                if(count >= 5){
                    flag = true;
                }else {
                    //判断右下,左上
                    count = this.checkCount(1,1,color);
                    if(count >= 5){
                        flag =  true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return flag;
    }
    /**
     * 检查棋盘中的五子棋是否连城五子
     * @param xChange
     * @param yChenge
     * @param color
     * @return
     */
    public int checkCount(int xChange , int yChenge ,int color){
        int count = 1;
        int tempX = xChange;
        int tempy = yChenge;  //保存初始值

        //全局变量x,y最初为鼠标点击的坐标，
        //经下棋方法已经将x,y的范围变成0-15(遍历整个棋盘,寻找相同颜色的棋子)
        while(x + xChange >=0 && x+xChange <15  && y+yChenge >=0 &&
                y+yChenge < 15 && color == allChess[x+xChange][y+yChenge]){

            count++;
            if(xChange != 0)  xChange++;
            if(yChenge != 0 ){
                if(yChenge != 0){
                    if(yChenge > 0) {
                        yChenge++;
                    }else {
                        yChenge--;
                    }
                }
            }

        }


        xChange = tempX;
        yChenge = tempy;   // 恢复初始值


        while(x-xChange >=0 && x-xChange <15 && y-yChenge >=0 &&
                y-yChenge <15 && color == allChess[x-xChange][y-yChenge]){
            count++;
            if(xChange != 0){
                xChange++;
            }
            if(yChenge != 0){
                if (yChenge > 0) {
                    yChenge++;
                }else {
                    yChenge--;
                }
            }
        }

        return count;
    }



    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new FiveGame();
    }


}