class Bed { public: void sleep() { cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl; } }; class Sofa { public: void sit() { cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl; } }; //沙发床 class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 { public: void SleepAndSit() { sleep(); sit(); } }; int main() { Bed b; b.sleep(); Sofa s; s.sit(); cout << "---------------" << endl; SofaBed sb; sb.SleepAndSit(); return 0; }
结果:
弊端:
沙发床继承了床和沙发的材质m,导致不明确。
代码:
//家具 class Furniture { public: int m;//材质 }; //床 class Bed :public Furniture { public: void sleep() { cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl; } }; //沙发 class Sofa :public Furniture { public: void sit() { cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl; } }; //沙发床,多继承,此时类中有两个m class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 { public: void SleepAndSit() { cout <<"Bed::m=" << Bed::m <<",Sofa::m:" << Sofa::m << endl; } }; int main() { SofaBed sb; sb.m=1;//错误:m不明确; return 0; }
解决方法:
方案一:加域名
问题:不明确现象依然存在。
int main() { SofaBed sb; sb.Bed::m = 1; sb.Sofa::m = 2; sb.SleepAndSit(); return 0; }
结果:
方案二:虚继承
添加virtual,实现虚继承,使孙子类继承爷爷辈的m,而不继承父亲辈的m。
作用:可以解决不明确现象。
原理:只申请一个m变量空间。
总结:出现这种菱形结构就加virtual!!!
代码:
//家具 class Furniture { public: int m;//材质 }; //床 class Bed :virtual public Furniture//改成虚继承 { public: void sleep() { cout << "在床上睡觉" << endl; } }; //沙发 class Sofa :virtual public Furniture//改成虚继承 { public: void sit() { cout << "在沙发上休息" << endl; } }; //沙发床,多继承,此时类中有两个m class SofaBed :public Bed,public Sofa//多继承 { public: void SleepAndSit() { cout <<"Bed::m=" << Bed::m <<",Sofa::m:" << Sofa::m << endl; } }; int main() { SofaBed sb; sb.m = 1; sb.SleepAndSit(); return 0; }
运行: