import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class colorTransformation extends JFrame {

    public colorTransformation(){
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setLocation(100,100);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setLocationRelativeTo(null);
        this.setTitle("背景颜色变换");
        this.setResizable(false);
        this.setIconImage(new ImageIcon("zhaopian").getImage());

        JPanel jp = new JPanel();

        JButton jb = new JButton("红色");
        JButton jb1 = new JButton("绿色");
        JButton jb2 = new JButton("蓝色");
        JButton jb3 = new JButton("复原");

        jp.add(jb);
        jp.add(jb1);
        jp.add(jb2);
        jp.add(jb3);

        this.add(jp);
        this.setVisible(true);

        jb.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                jp.setBackground(Color.RED);
            }
        });

        jb1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                jp.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
            }
        });

        jb2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                jp.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
            }
        });

        jb3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                jp.setBackground(null);
            }
        });

    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new colorTransformation();
    }
}

如下效果