C/C++教程
Nacos高可用部署
本文主要是介绍Nacos高可用部署，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
Nacos简介
Nacos是一个更易于构建云原生应用的动态服务发现、配置管理和服务管理平台，作为Spring Cloud Alibaba 三大组件之一，Nacos 融合了服务注册发现中心、配置中心、服务管理等功能，类似于 Eureka/Consule + Config + Admin 的合体。Nacos架构图如下：
Nacos Server 有两种运行模式：standalone和cluster。standalone 模式一般用于 demo 和测试，不用改任何配置；生产环境可以使用 cluster 模式。另外standalone 的话仅会使用 Derby，即使在 application.properties 里边配置 MySQL 也照样无视；
cluster 模式会自动使用 MySQL，这时候如果没有 MySQL 的配置，是会报错的。
接下来就基于Ubuntu1804部署一套高可用Nacos集群，集群采用nginx反向代理模式
一、环境准备
| 服务 | IP |
|---|---|
| nginx | 192.168.20.130 |
| nacos1 | 192.168.20.131 |
| nacos2 | 192.168.20.132 |
| nacos3 | 192.168.20.133 |
| mysql | 192.168.20.135 |
配置域名
hostnamectl --static set-hostname nginx vim /etc/hosts #nacos-cluster 192.168.20.130 nginx 192.168.20.131 nacos1 192.168.20.132 nacos2 192.168.20.133 nacos3 192.168.20.135 mysql
nacos和mysql配置java环境
安装java1.8脚本java8-install.sh
#!/bin/bash tar -zxf jdk-8u261-linux-x64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ ln -sv /usr/local/src/jdk1.8.0_261 /usr/local/jdk ln -sv /usr/local/jdk/bin/java /usr/bin/ cat >> /etc/profile <<EOF export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export JRE_HOME=\$JAVA_HOME/jre export CLASSPATH=.:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:\$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:\$JRE_HOME/lib export PATH=\$PATH:\$JAVA_HOME/bin:\$JRE_HOME/bin EOF . /etc/profile java -version chmod +x java8-install.sh && ./java8-install.sh
二、安装mysql
下载二进制mysql：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
root@mysql:~# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz root@mysql:~# tar -zxf mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ root@mysql:~# cd /usr/local && mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
配置系统环境变量
root@mysql:/usr/local# vim /etc/profile export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JRE_HOME/lib export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$MYSQL_HOME/bin root@mysql:/usr/local# source /etc/profile
创建mysql用户，数据库数据目录
root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# groupadd mysql && useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql -g mysql root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# mkdir -p /data/mysql && chown -R mysql /data/mysql && chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
创建数据库配置文件my.cnf
root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] port = 3306 socket = /data/mysql/mysql.sock user = mysql basedir = /usr/local/mysql datadir = /data/mysql skip-external-locking key_buffer_size = 32M max_allowed_packet = 1024M table_open_cache = 128 sort_buffer_size = 768K net_buffer_length = 8K read_buffer_size = 768K read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M query_cache_size = 16M tmp_table_size = 32M performance_schema_max_table_instances = 1000 explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true #skip-networking max_connect_errors = 100 open_files_limit = 65535 log_bin=mysql-bin binlog_format=mixed server_id = 232 expire_logs_days = 10 early-plugin-load = "" default_storage_engine = InnoDB innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M innodb_log_file_size = 32M innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 16M [mysql] no-auto-rehash [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 32M sort_buffer_size = 768K read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M
初始化数据库，纪录初始密码
root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# apt install -y libaio* #安装系统依赖库 root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql 2021-11-30T03:49:01.883997Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790 2021-11-30T03:49:01.906523Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables. 2021-11-30T03:49:01.963239Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 74e02eb1-5190-11ec-87d8-00505632ccbe. 2021-11-30T03:49:01.963786Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened. 2021-11-30T03:49:02.202634Z 0 [Warning] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2021-11-30T03:49:02.603075Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: .ZWmGiql?62z
添加mysqld到系统服务
root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# vim /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service [Unit] Description=mysqld After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/etc/init.d/mysqld start ExecReload=/etc/init.d/mysqld restart ExecStop=/etc/init.d/mysqld stop PrivateTmp=true [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动mysql，连接测试，修改初始密码，用新密码登录验证
root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start mysqld && systemctl enable mysqld root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# mysql -u root -p'.ZWmGiql?62z' mysql> set password='Hlro@123'; root@mysql:/usr/local/mysql# mysql -u root -p'Hlro@123' mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.30-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
创建nacos数据库，并授权
mysql> create database nacos; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> grant all on nacos.* to nacos@'192.168.20.%' identified by 'Nacos@123'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
本机连接测试
root@mysql:~# mysql -h 192.168.20.135 -u nacos -p'Nacos@123' mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | nacos | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
windows(192.168.20.1)测试连接：用Navicat连接测试
三、安装nacos（nacos1、nacos2、nacos3）
GitHub下载：https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/tag/2.0.3
root@nacos1:~# wget https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases/download/2.0.3/nacos-server-2.0.3.tar.gz root@nacos1:~# tar -zxf nacos-server-2.0.3.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
修改配置文件：cluster.conf，application.properties
root@nacos1:~# cd /usr/local/nacos/ && cp conf/cluster.conf.example conf/cluster.conf root@nacos1:/usr/local/nacos# vim conf/cluster.conf #nacos-cluster 192.168.20.131:8848 192.168.20.132:8848 192.168.20.133:8848 root@nacos1:/usr/local/nacos# vim conf/application.properties server.servlet.contextPath=/nacos ### Default web server port: server.port=8848 ### If use MySQL as datasource，mysql上创建的数据库为nacos db.num=1db.url.0=jdbc:mysql://192.168.20.135:3306/nacos?characterEncoding=utf8&connectTimeout=1000&socketTimeout=3000&autoReconnect=true&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=UTC db.user.0=nacos db.password.0=Nacos@123
创建数据库表，把nacos配置文件下的sql脚本拷贝到数据库服务器上
root@nacos1:/usr/local/nacos# scp conf/nacos-mysql.sql 192.168.20.135:/usr/local/mysql/ nacos用户登录数据库，切换到nacos库，执行nacos-mysql.sql脚本 mysql> use nacos; Database changed mysql> source /usr/local/mysql/nacos-mysql.sql; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec) Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql>
或者复制sql脚本中的SQL命令，在Navicat中运行命令，注意需要切换到nacos库下执行
启动nacos，查看日志，在三台nacos上执行
root@nacos1:~# /usr/local/nacos/bin/startup.sh /usr/local/jdk/bin/java -Djava.ext.dirs=/usr/local/jdk/jre/lib/ext:/usr/local/jdk/lib/ext -server -Xms2g -Xmx2g -Xmn1g -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=320m -XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow -XX:+HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError -XX:HeapDumpPath=/usr/local/nacos/logs/java_heapdump.hprof -XX:-UseLargePages -Dnacos.member.list= -Xloggc:/usr/local/nacos/logs/nacos_gc.log -verbose:gc -XX:+PrintGCDetails -XX:+PrintGCDateStamps -XX:+PrintGCTimeStamps -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=10 -XX:GCLogFileSize=100M -Dloader.path=/usr/local/nacos/plugins/health,/usr/local/nacos/plugins/cmdb -Dnacos.home=/usr/local/nacos -jar /usr/local/nacos/target/nacos-server.jar --spring.config.additional-location=file:/usr/local/nacos/conf/ --logging.config=/usr/local/nacos/conf/nacos-logback.xml --server.max-http-header-size=524288 nacos is starting with cluster nacos is starting，you can check the /usr/local/nacos/logs/start.out root@nacos1:~# cat /usr/local/nacos/logs/start.out 2021-11-30 04:39:19,677 INFO Nacos is starting... 2021-11-30 04:39:19,706 INFO Nacos started successfully in cluster mode. use external storage
登录web查看，任意一个IP都可以，默认账户密码都是nacos
http://192.168.20.131:8848/nacos/#/login
四、配置nginx实现反向代理
下载nginx：https://nginx.org/en/download.html
root@nginx:~# wget https://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz 安装编译环境以及依赖包 root@nginx:~# apt install gcc make openssl-devel zlib-devel openssl build-essential libtool libpcre3 libpcre3-dev zlib1g-dev root@nginx:~# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx root@nginx:~# tar -zxf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src/ root@nginx:~# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.20.2/ root@nginx:/usr/local/src/nginx-1.20.2# ./configure --prefix=//usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module root@nginx:/usr/local/src/nginx-1.20.2# make && make install root@nginx:~# ls /usr/local/nginx/ conf html logs sbin root@nginx:~# chown -R nginx.nginx /usr/local/nginx root@nginx:~# ln -sv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/sbin/ '/usr/sbin/nginx' -> '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' root@nginx:~# nginx -V nginx version: nginx/1.20.2 built by gcc 7.5.0 (Ubuntu 7.5.0-3ubuntu1~18.04) configure arguments: --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-stream --with-stream_realip_module root@nginx:~# vim /etc/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=nginx - high performance web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
启动nginx测试首页
root@nginx:~# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl start nginx.service && systemctl enable nginx.service
编译配置文件，增加tcp反向代理，在http模块之上添加stream，重启NGINX
root@nginx:/usr/local/nginx/conf# vim nginx.conf
stream{
upstream nacos {
server 192.168.20.131:8848;
server 192.168.20.132:8848;
server 192.168.20.133:8848;
}
server {
listen 8848;
proxy_connect_timeout 1s; #连接超时时间
proxy_timeout 3s; #转发超时时间
proxy_pass nacos; #转发到具体服务器组
}
}
root@nginx:~# systemctl restart nginx.service
浏览器访问验证
http://192.168.20.130:8848/nacos
nginx可结合Keepalived实现高可用，MySQL也可以部署成集群或者主从复制模式实现更高级别的高可用
这篇关于Nacos高可用部署的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！
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