python-requests模块学习

1. 安装及导入模块

pip install requests

import requests

2. 发送请求

各类请求方法

r = requests.get('https://www.baidu.com')		#GET请求
r = requests.post('https://www.baidu.com')		#POST请求
r = requests.put('https://www.baidu.com')		#PUT请求
r = requests.delete('https://www.baidu.com')		#DELETE请求
r = requests.head('https://www.baidu.com')		#HEAD请求
r = requests.options('https://www.baidu.com')		#OPTIONS请求

定制请求头

url = 'https://api.github.com/some/endpoint'
headers = {'user-agent': 'my-app/0.0.1'}
r = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

3. 传递参数

GET请求

payload = {'username': 'admin', 'password': 'admin'}
r = requests.get("http://192.168.1.10/login", params=payload)
print(r.url)	#http://192.168.1.10/login?username=admin&password=admin

POST请求

r = requests.post('http://192.168.1.10/login', data = {'key':'value'})

4. 获取响应内容

普通文本

r.encoding='UTF-8'	#设置响应编码
print(r.content)	#以十六进制方式显示内容，是bytes类型
print(r.text)		#以文本方式显示内容

图片数据

url='https://www.www.zyiz.net/i/l/?n=20&i=blog/2552720/202111/2552720-20211101185253279-95385767.png'
r = requests.get(url)
i = Image.open(BytesIO(r.content))	#使用字节流的形式打开图片
i.show()			#显示图片
i.save('./dog.png')	 #保存图片

JSON数据

url='https://api.github.com/events'
r = requests.get(url)
print(r.json())

响应状态码

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.status_code)

响应头

r = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')
print(r.headers)