Unet代码详解（三）损失函数和miou计算

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所有代码来自博主Bubbliiiing，十分感谢

1.相关函数

（1）上采样函数Interpolate

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(2)交叉熵损失函数CrossEntropyLoss

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二.损失

先贴一段训练时的损失计算代码
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import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from torch import nn

def CE_Loss(inputs, target, cls_weights, num_classes=21):
    n, c, h, w = inputs.size()
    nt, ht, wt = target.size()
    if h != ht and w != wt:
        inputs = F.interpolate(inputs, size=(ht, wt), mode="bilinear", align_corners=True)

    temp_inputs = inputs.transpose(1, 2).transpose(2, 3).contiguous().view(-1, c)
    temp_target = target.view(-1)

    CE_loss  = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=cls_weights, ignore_index=num_classes)(temp_inputs, temp_target)
    return CE_loss

def Focal_Loss(inputs, target, cls_weights, num_classes=21, alpha=0.5, gamma=2):
    n, c, h, w = inputs.size()
    nt, ht, wt = target.size()
    if h != ht and w != wt:
        inputs = F.interpolate(inputs, size=(ht, wt), mode="bilinear", align_corners=True)

    temp_inputs = inputs.transpose(1, 2).transpose(2, 3).contiguous().view(-1, c)
    temp_target = target.view(-1)

    logpt  = -nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=cls_weights, ignore_index=num_classes, reduction='none')(temp_inputs, temp_target)
    pt = torch.exp(logpt)
    if alpha is not None:
        logpt *= alpha
    loss = -((1 - pt) ** gamma) * logpt
    loss = loss.mean()
    return loss

def Dice_loss(inputs, target, beta=1, smooth = 1e-5):
    n, c, h, w = inputs.size()
    nt, ht, wt, ct = target.size()
    if h != ht and w != wt:
        inputs = F.interpolate(inputs, size=(ht, wt), mode="bilinear", align_corners=True)
        
    temp_inputs = torch.softmax(inputs.transpose(1, 2).transpose(2, 3).contiguous().view(n, -1, c),-1)
    temp_target = target.view(n, -1, ct)

    #--------------------------------------------#
    #   计算dice loss
    #--------------------------------------------#
    tp = torch.sum(temp_target[...,:-1] * temp_inputs, axis=[0,1])
    fp = torch.sum(temp_inputs                       , axis=[0,1]) - tp
    fn = torch.sum(temp_target[...,:-1]              , axis=[0,1]) - tp

    score = ((1 + beta ** 2) * tp + smooth) / ((1 + beta ** 2) * tp + beta ** 2 * fn + fp + smooth)
    dice_loss = 1 - torch.mean(score)
    return dice_loss

def weights_init(net, init_type='normal', init_gain=0.02):
    def init_func(m):
        classname = m.__class__.__name__
        if hasattr(m, 'weight') and classname.find('Conv') != -1:
            if init_type == 'normal':
                torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 0.0, init_gain)
            elif init_type == 'xavier':
                torch.nn.init.xavier_normal_(m.weight.data, gain=init_gain)
            elif init_type == 'kaiming':
                torch.nn.init.kaiming_normal_(m.weight.data, a=0, mode='fan_in')
            elif init_type == 'orthogonal':
                torch.nn.init.orthogonal_(m.weight.data, gain=init_gain)
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError('initialization method [%s] is not implemented' % init_type)
        elif classname.find('BatchNorm2d') != -1:
            torch.nn.init.normal_(m.weight.data, 1.0, 0.02)
            torch.nn.init.constant_(m.bias.data, 0.0)
    print('initialize network with %s type' % init_type)
    net.apply(init_func)

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Dice系数，是一种集合相似度度量函数，通常用于计算两个样本的相似度(值范围为 [0, 1])：

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|X⋂Y| - X 和 Y 之间的交集；|X| 和 |Y| 分别表示 X 和 Y 的元素个数. 其中，分子中的系数 2，是因为分母存在重复计算 X 和 Y 之间的共同元素的原因.
语义分割问题而言，X - GT 分割图像, Y - Pred 分割图像.
作为LOSS的话是越小越好，所以使得Dice loss = 1 - Dice，就可以将Loss作为语义分割的损失了。
Dice 系数差异函数(Dice loss)：

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计算Dice 系数的代码一般如下（本文代码进行了修改，见上面或下面代码）：

def dice_coeff(pred, target):
    smooth = 1.
    num = pred.size(0)
    m1 = pred.view(num, -1)  # Flatten
    m2 = target.view(num, -1)  # Flatten
    intersection = (m1 * m2).sum()
 
    return (2. * intersection + smooth) / (m1.sum() + m2.sum() + smooth)

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三.miou计算

关于miou的概念和相关计算可以看我之前的博客，
语义分割指标—MIoU详细介绍（原理及代码）

from os.path import join

import numpy as np
import torch
import torch.nn.functional as F
from PIL import Image


def f_score(inputs, target, beta=1, smooth = 1e-5, threhold = 0.5):
    n, c, h, w = inputs.size()
    nt, ht, wt, ct = target.size()
    if h != ht and w != wt:
        inputs = F.interpolate(inputs, size=(ht, wt), mode="bilinear", align_corners=True)
        
    temp_inputs = torch.softmax(inputs.transpose(1, 2).transpose(2, 3).contiguous().view(n, -1, c),-1)
    temp_target = target.view(n, -1, ct)

    #--------------------------------------------#
    #   计算dice系数
    #--------------------------------------------#
    temp_inputs = torch.gt(temp_inputs, threhold).float()
    tp = torch.sum(temp_target[...,:-1] * temp_inputs, axis=[0,1])
    fp = torch.sum(temp_inputs                       , axis=[0,1]) - tp
    fn = torch.sum(temp_target[...,:-1]              , axis=[0,1]) - tp

    score = ((1 + beta ** 2) * tp + smooth) / ((1 + beta ** 2) * tp + beta ** 2 * fn + fp + smooth)
    score = torch.mean(score)
    return score

# 设标签宽W，长H
def fast_hist(a, b, n):
    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
    #   a是转化成一维数组的标签，形状(H×W,)；b是转化成一维数组的预测结果，形状(H×W,)
    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
    k = (a >= 0) & (a < n)
    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
    #   np.bincount计算了从0到n**2-1这n**2个数中每个数出现的次数，返回值形状(n, n)
    #   返回中，写对角线上的为分类正确的像素点
    #--------------------------------------------------------------------------------#
    return np.bincount(n * a[k].astype(int) + b[k], minlength=n ** 2).reshape(n, n)  

def per_class_iu(hist):
    return np.diag(hist) / np.maximum((hist.sum(1) + hist.sum(0) - np.diag(hist)), 1) 

def per_class_PA(hist):
    return np.diag(hist) / np.maximum(hist.sum(1), 1) 

def compute_mIoU(gt_dir, pred_dir, png_name_list, num_classes, name_classes):  
    print('Num classes', num_classes)  
    #-----------------------------------------#
    #   创建一个全是0的矩阵，是一个混淆矩阵
    #-----------------------------------------#
    hist = np.zeros((num_classes, num_classes))
    
    #------------------------------------------------#
    #   获得验证集标签路径列表，方便直接读取
    #   获得验证集图像分割结果路径列表，方便直接读取
    #------------------------------------------------#
    gt_imgs     = [join(gt_dir, x + ".png") for x in png_name_list]  
    pred_imgs   = [join(pred_dir, x + ".png") for x in png_name_list]  

    #------------------------------------------------#
    #   读取每一个（图片-标签）对
    #------------------------------------------------#
    for ind in range(len(gt_imgs)): 
        #------------------------------------------------#
        #   读取一张图像分割结果，转化成numpy数组
        #------------------------------------------------#
        pred = np.array(Image.open(pred_imgs[ind]))  
        #------------------------------------------------#
        #   读取一张对应的标签，转化成numpy数组
        #------------------------------------------------#
        label = np.array(Image.open(gt_imgs[ind]))  

        # 如果图像分割结果与标签的大小不一样，这张图片就不计算
        if len(label.flatten()) != len(pred.flatten()):  
            print(
                'Skipping: len(gt) = {:d}, len(pred) = {:d}, {:s}, {:s}'.format(
                    len(label.flatten()), len(pred.flatten()), gt_imgs[ind],
                    pred_imgs[ind]))
            continue

        #------------------------------------------------#
        #   对一张图片计算21×21的hist矩阵，并累加
        #------------------------------------------------#
        hist += fast_hist(label.flatten(), pred.flatten(),num_classes)  
        # 每计算10张就输出一下目前已计算的图片中所有类别平均的mIoU值
        if ind > 0 and ind % 10 == 0:  
            print('{:d} / {:d}: mIou-{:0.2f}; mPA-{:0.2f}'.format(ind, len(gt_imgs),
                                                    100 * np.nanmean(per_class_iu(hist)),
                                                    100 * np.nanmean(per_class_PA(hist))))
    #------------------------------------------------#
    #   计算所有验证集图片的逐类别mIoU值
    #------------------------------------------------#
    mIoUs   = per_class_iu(hist)
    mPA     = per_class_PA(hist)
    #------------------------------------------------#
    #   逐类别输出一下mIoU值
    #------------------------------------------------#
    for ind_class in range(num_classes):
        print('===>' + name_classes[ind_class] + ':\tmIou-' + str(round(mIoUs[ind_class] * 100, 2)) + '; mPA-' + str(round(mPA[ind_class] * 100, 2)))

    #-----------------------------------------------------------------#
    #   在所有验证集图像上求所有类别平均的mIoU值，计算时忽略NaN值
    #-----------------------------------------------------------------#
    print('===> mIoU: ' + str(round(np.nanmean(mIoUs) * 100, 2)) + '; mPA: ' + str(round(np.nanmean(mPA) * 100, 2)))  
    return mIoUs

这里对于compute_mIoU函数的参数进行一些解释
gt_dir：VOCdevkit/VOC2007/SegmentationClass/ 是分割的png标签图片目录
pred_dir：miou_out是输出miou结果的目录，没有时会创建
png_name_list：是读取的验证集的png图片的名称序列
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num_classes：21分类的个数
name_classes：每个分类的名称

 name_classes    = ["background","aeroplane", "bicycle", "bird", "boat", "bottle", "bus", "car", "cat", "chair", "cow", "diningtable", "dog", "horse", "motorbike", "person", "pottedplant", "sheep", "sofa", "train", "tvmonitor"]

参考博客:
https://blog.csdn.net/qq_41375609/article/details/103447744
https://blog.csdn.net/CSDN_of_ding/article/details/111515226
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44791964/article/details/120113686
https://blog.csdn.net/JMU_Ma/article/details/97533768

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