1. SaltStack组件之return

​ return组件可以理解为SaltStack系统对执行Minion返回后的数据进行存储或者返回给其他程序，它支持多种存储方式，比如用MySQL、MongoDB、Redis、Memcache等，通过return我们可以对SaltStack的每次操作进行记录，对以后日志审计提供了数据来源。目前官方已经支持30种return数据存储与接口，我们可以很方便的配置与使用它。当然也支持自己定义的return，自定义的return需由python来编写。在选择和配置好要使用的return后，只需在salt命令后面指定return即可。

[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' sys.list_returners
minion:
    - carbon
    - couchdb
    - etcd
    - highstate
    - local
    - local_cache
    - mattermost
    - multi_returner
    - pushover
    - rawfile_json
    - slack
    - slack_webhook
    - smtp
    - splunk
    - sqlite3
    - syslog
    - telegram

1.1 return流程
​ return是在Master端触发任务，然后Minion接受处理任务后直接与return存储服务器建立连接，然后把数据return存到存储服务器。关于这点一定要注意，因为此过程都是Minion端操作存储服务器，所以要确保Minion端的配置跟依赖包是正确的，这意味着我们将必须在每个Minion上安装指定的return方式依赖包，假如使用Mysql作为return存储方式，那么我们将在每台Minion上安装python-mysql模块。
master上安装服务

# 下载仓库
[root@master ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub
[root@master ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo         CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo            CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo         CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo            salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo
# 安装服务salt-master
[root@master ~]# yum -y install salt-master
# 启动
[root@master ~]# systemctl start salt-master

minion上安装服务

[root@minion ~]# rpm --import https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub

[root@minion ~]# curl -fsSL https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest.repo | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/salt.repo
[salt-latest-repo]
name=Salt repo for RHEL/CentOS 8 PY3
baseurl=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest
skip_if_unavailable=True
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
enabled_metadata=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://repo.saltproject.io/py3/redhat/8/x86_64/latest/SALTSTACK-GPG-KEY.pub

[root@minion ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS-Stream-AppStream.repo         CentOS-Stream-Media.repo
CentOS-Stream-BaseOS.repo            CentOS-Stream-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Stream-Debuginfo.repo         CentOS-Stream-RealTime.repo
CentOS-Stream-Extras.repo            salt.repo
CentOS-Stream-HighAvailability.repo

# 安装服务salt-minion, python3-PyMySQL mariadb
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install salt-minion
....
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
......


# 修改配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
15 # resolved, then the minion will fail to start.
16 #master: salt
17 master: 192.168.197.131 # IP是master的，前面有一个空格
.......

# 启动salt-minion
[root@minion ~]# systemctl start salt-minion

mariadb安装服务并配置

[root@mariadb ~]# yum -y install mariadb-server mariadb
.......

# 启动
[root@mariadb ~]# systemctl start mariadb

[root@mariadb ~]# ss -antl
State  Recv-Q  Send-Q   Local Address:Port   Peer Address:Port Process 
LISTEN 0       128            0.0.0.0:22          0.0.0.0:*            
LISTEN 0       128               [::]:22             [::]:*            
LISTEN 0       80                   *:3306              *:*  

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> set password = password('123456');
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 9
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE  `salt`
    ->   DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8
    ->   DEFAULT COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| salt               |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> USE `salt`;
Database changed
MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `jids`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `jids` (
    ->   `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `load` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   UNIQUE KEY `jid` (`jid`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_returns`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_returns` (
    ->   `fun` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
    ->   `jid` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `return` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   `id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    ->   `success` varchar(10) NOT NULL,
    ->   `full_ret` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    ->   `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    ->   KEY `id` (`id`),
    ->   KEY `jid` (`jid`),
    ->   KEY `fun` (`fun`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `salt_events`;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> CREATE TABLE `salt_events` (
    -> `id` BIGINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
    -> `tag` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> `data` mediumtext NOT NULL,
    -> `alter_time` TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    -> `master_id` varchar(255) NOT NULL,
    -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
    -> KEY `tag` (`tag`)
    -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.002 sec)
# 授权访问
MariaDB [salt]> grant all on salt.* to salt@'%' identified by 'salt';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [salt]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
minion上安装mariadb
[root@minion ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@minion ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.101.210
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 10
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> 
# 修改配置文件
[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
#return: mysql
#
#return: mysql,slack,redis
#
#return:
#  - mysql
#  - hipchat
#  - slack
mysql.host: '192.168.197.128'
mysql.user: 'salt'
mysql.pass: 'salt'
mysql.db: 'salt'
mysql.port: 3306
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion
master上ping 测试连通性

[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' test.ping
minion:
    True
mariadb上查看是否有数据

[root@mariadb ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 11
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)
master上测试存储到mariadb中
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' test.ping --return mysql
minion:
    True
mariadb查看

MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       fun: test.ping
       jid: 20211107111209404569
    return: true
        id: minion
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"success": true, "return": true, "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107111209404569", "fun": "test.ping", "fun_args": [], "id": "minion"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 22:12:09
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

2. job cache

2.1 job cache流程
return时是由Minion直接与存储服务器进行交互，因此需要在每台Minion上安装指定的存储方式的模块，比如python-mysql，那么我们能否直接在Master上就把返回的结果给存储到存储服务器呢？

答案是肯定的，这种方式被称作 job cache 。意思是当Minion将结果返回给Master后，由Master将结果给缓存在本地，然后将缓存的结果给存储到指定的存储服务器，比如存储到mysql中。

master默认的存储位置

[root@master ~]# cd /var/cache/salt/master/jobs/
[root@master jobs]# ls
0a  16  24  32  39  43  49  51  5e  69  72  7f  94  9e  ae  bb  c4  d0  e0  ea  f2  fa
0c  17  27  33  3a  44  4a  55  60  6b  74  82  95  a0  af  bc  c6  d3  e1  eb  f3  fb
0e  1d  29  34  3f  45  4b  56  61  6c  75  88  96  a1  b1  be  c7  d4  e2  ec  f4  ff
之前改的minion上的配置文件还原

[root@minion ~]# vim /etc/salt/minion
......
931 mysql.host: '192.168.101.210'  # 删除添加的五行
932 mysql.user: 'salt'
933 mysql.pass: 'salt'
934 mysql.db: 'salt'
935 mysql.port: 3306
......

# 重启salt-minion服务
[root@minion ~]# systemctl restart salt-minion

开启master端的master_job_cache

[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
# 安装 python3-PyMySQL
[root@master jobs]# cd
[root@master ~]# yum -y install python3-PyMySQL
......

# 修改master的配置文件
[root@master ~]# vim /etc/salt/master
......
 137 #job_cache: True
 138 master_job_cache: mysql
 139 mysql.host: '192.168.101.210'   # mariadb主机的IP
 140 mysql.user: 'salt'
 141 mysql.pass: 'salt'
 142 mysql.db: 'salt'
 143 mysql.port: 3306
 ......
 # 重启salt-master
 [root@master ~]# systemctl restart salt-master

master安装mariadb服务
[root@master ~]# yum -y install mariadb
[root@master ~]# mysql -usalt -psalt -h192.168.101.210
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 25
Server version: 10.3.28-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
删除mariadb上之前的数据
MariaDB [(none)]> delete from salt.salt_returns;
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> select * from salt.salt_returns;
Empty set (0.000 sec)
[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' cmd.run 'df -h'
minion:
    Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    devtmpfs             3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
    tmpfs                3.8G   80K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm
    tmpfs                3.8G  9.7M  3.8G   1% /run
    tmpfs                3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
    /dev/mapper/cs-root   62G  5.9G   56G  10% /
    /dev/mapper/cs-home   30G  251M   30G   1% /home
    /dev/sda1           1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot
    tmpfs                775M  1.2M  773M   1% /run/user/42
    tmpfs                775M     0  775M   0% /run/user/0
MariaDB [(none)]>  select * from salt.salt_returns\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
       fun: cmd.run
       jid: 20211107130618362431
    return: "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev\ntmpfs                3.8G   80K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                3.8G  9.7M  3.8G   1% /run\ntmpfs                3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   62G  5.9G   56G  10% /\n/dev/mapper/cs-home   30G  251M   30G   1% /home\n/dev/sda1           1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot\ntmpfs                775M  1.2M  773M   1% /run/user/42\ntmpfs                775M     0  775M   0% /run/user/0"
        id: minion
   success: 1
  full_ret: {"cmd": "_return", "id": "minion", "success": true, "return": "Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\ndevtmpfs             3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev\ntmpfs                3.8G   80K  3.8G   1% /dev/shm\ntmpfs                3.8G  9.7M  3.8G   1% /run\ntmpfs                3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/mapper/cs-root   62G  5.9G   56G  10% /\n/dev/mapper/cs-home   30G  251M   30G   1% /home\n/dev/sda1           1014M  243M  772M  24% /boot\ntmpfs                775M  1.2M  773M   1% /run/user/42\ntmpfs                775M     0  775M   0% /run/user/0", "retcode": 0, "jid": "20211107130618362431", "fun": "cmd.run", "fun_args": ["df -h"], "_stamp": "2021-11-07T13:06:18.558653"}
alter_time: 2021-11-07 21:06:18
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

3. job 管理

Salt 0.9.7 为管理作业的saltutil引入了一些新功能。这些功能是：

running返回在proc目录中找到的所有运行作业的数据。
find_job根据工作 ID 返回有关某项工作的具体数据。
signal_job允许向给定夹具发送信号。
term_job向控制指定作业的流程发送终止信号（SIGTERM，15）。
kill_job向控制指定作业的流程发送杀伤信号（SIGKILL，9）

。

获取任务的jid

[root@master ~]# salt 'minion' cmd.run 'date' -v
Executing job with jid 20211107130853049269
-------------------------------------------

minion:
    Sun Nov  7 21:08:53 CST 2021
通过jid获取任务的返回结果
[root@master ~]# salt-run jobs.lookup_jid 20211107130853049269
minion:
    Sun Nov  7 23:08:53 CST 2021
列出正在执行的任务,可以通过上面的 kill_job jid 杀死一个正在执行的任务
salt-run jobs.active
列出执行过的任务
salt-run jobs.list_jobs