一、反射
1.定义:Java的反射(reflection)机制是在运行状态中,对于任意一个类,都能够知道这个类的所有属性和方法;对于任
意一个对象,都能够调用它的任意方法和属性,既然能拿到那么,我们就可以修改部分类型信息;这种动态获取信
息以及动态调用对象方法的功能称为java语言的反射(reflection)机制
2.根本:就是从Class对象出发的
3.反射相关的类:
4.获得Class对象的三种方式:
5.class类中的相关方法:
(1)常用获得类的相关方法:
(2)常用获得类中属性的相关方法:
(3)获得类中构造器的相关方法:
6.应用
//创建对象 public static void reflectNewInstance() { try { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("Student"); Student student = (Student) c1.newInstance(); System.out.println(c1); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 反射私有的构造方法 屏蔽内容为获得公有的构造方法 public static void reflectPrivateConstructor() { try { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("Student"); //传入对应的参数 Constructor<?> declaredConstructor = c1.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class,int.class); //设置为true后可修改访问权限 declaredConstructor.setAccessible(true); Object objectStudent = declaredConstructor.newInstance("zm",111); Student student = (Student) objectStudent; System.out.println(student); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 反射私有属性 public static void reflectPrivateField() { try { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("Student"); Field field = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); field.setAccessible(true); Object o = c1.newInstance(); Student student = (Student) o; field.set(student,"小明"); String name = (String) field.get(student); System.out.println(name); } catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchFieldException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 反射私有方法 public static void reflectPrivateMethod() { try { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("Student"); Method method = c1.getDeclaredMethod("function", String.class); System.out.println("私有方法名:"+method.getName()); method.setAccessible(true); Object o = c1.newInstance(); Student student = (Student) o; method.invoke(student,"反射私有方法"); } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IllegalAccessException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InstantiationException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } catch (InvocationTargetException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { reflectNewInstance(); System.out.println(); reflectPrivateConstructor(); System.out.println(); reflectPrivateField(); System.out.println(); reflectPrivateMethod(); }
二、枚举
1.java当中的枚举实际上是对象,默认继承了java.lang.Enum
RED是一个对象。
2.Enum类常用的方法:
三、Lambda表达式