1.安装依赖包

yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum -y install gcc libffi-devel zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel

2.下载对应的安装包

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.8.12/Python-3.8.12.tgz  (官方地址,很慢)
wget https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/python/3.8.12/Python-3.8.12.tgz  (阿里镜像,建议使用)

3.解压并安装python

# 解压源码包
tar -zxvf Python-3.8.12.tgz
# 创建安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/local/python38
# 进入python解压目录
cd Python-3.8.12/
# 配置安装目录
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python38
# 编译并安装
make && make install

4.添加python软链接

这里不建议修改默认的软链接，因为yum等软件会使用到默认的python2版本，如果修改了默认的软链接，需要修改yum源码才能让yum正常运行

ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/python3.8 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python38/bin/pip3.8 /usr/bin/pip3

终于安装完了，来测试一下吧

python3 --version
pip3 -V