实验8:数据平面可编程实践——P4
1.掌握V1Model框架下P4_16的程序结构和基本语法
2.能够运用 P4 进行简单数据平面编程
1.下载虚拟机软件Oracle VisualBox或VMware;
2.在虚拟机中安装Ubuntu 16.04 Desktop amd64,并安装完整Mininet和P4开发环境;
3.提供P4镜像P4-Suite2018.ova,提取码:egwf
学习P4官方示例教程,链接:https://github.com/p4lang/tutorials,了解P4-16版本的基本语法、基于V1Model的P4代码结构,完成如下练习:
熟悉使用P4实现交换机IPv4的基本转发原理,编写P4程序,在下面的拓扑中实现IPV4 隧道转发。
/* -*- P4_16 -*- */ #include <core.p4> #include <v1model.p4> const bit<16> TYPE_MYTUNNEL = 0x1212; const bit<16> TYPE_IPV4 = 0x800; /************************************************************************* *********************** H E A D E R S *********************************** *************************************************************************/ typedef bit<9> egressSpec_t; typedef bit<48> macAddr_t; typedef bit<32> ip4Addr_t; header ethernet_t { macAddr_t dstAddr; macAddr_t srcAddr; bit<16> etherType; } header myTunnel_t { bit<16> proto_id; bit<16> dst_id; } header ipv4_t { bit<4> version; bit<4> ihl; bit<8> diffserv; bit<16> totalLen; bit<16> identification; bit<3> flags; bit<13> fragOffset; bit<8> ttl; bit<8> protocol; bit<16> hdrChecksum; ip4Addr_t srcAddr; ip4Addr_t dstAddr; } struct metadata { /* empty */ } struct headers { ethernet_t ethernet; myTunnel_t myTunnel; ipv4_t ipv4; } /************************************************************************* *********************** P A R S E R *********************************** *************************************************************************/ parser MyParser(packet_in packet, out headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) { state start { transition parse_ethernet; } state parse_ethernet { packet.extract(hdr.ethernet); transition select(hdr.ethernet.etherType) { TYPE_MYTUNNEL: parse_myTunnel; TYPE_IPV4: parse_ipv4; default: accept; } } state parse_myTunnel { packet.extract(hdr.myTunnel); transition select(hdr.myTunnel.proto_id) { TYPE_IPV4: parse_ipv4; default: accept; } } state parse_ipv4 { packet.extract(hdr.ipv4); transition accept; } } /************************************************************************* ************ C H E C K S U M V E R I F I C A T I O N ************* *************************************************************************/ control MyVerifyChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) { apply { } } /************************************************************************* ************** I N G R E S S P R O C E S S I N G ******************* *************************************************************************/ control MyIngress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) { action drop() { mark_to_drop(standard_metadata); } action ipv4_forward(macAddr_t dstAddr, egressSpec_t port) { standard_metadata.egress_spec = port; hdr.ethernet.srcAddr = hdr.ethernet.dstAddr; hdr.ethernet.dstAddr = dstAddr; hdr.ipv4.ttl = hdr.ipv4.ttl - 1; } table ipv4_lpm { key = { hdr.ipv4.dstAddr: lpm; } actions = { ipv4_forward; drop; NoAction; } size = 1024; default_action = drop(); } action myTunnel_forward(egressSpec_t port) { standard_metadata.egress_spec = port; } table myTunnel_exact { key = { hdr.myTunnel.dst_id: exact; } actions = { myTunnel_forward; drop; } size = 1024; default_action = drop(); } apply { if (hdr.ipv4.isValid() && !hdr.myTunnel.isValid()) { // Process only non-tunneled IPv4 packets ipv4_lpm.apply(); } if (hdr.myTunnel.isValid()) { // process tunneled packets myTunnel_exact.apply(); } } } /************************************************************************* **************** E G R E S S P R O C E S S I N G ******************* *************************************************************************/ control MyEgress(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta, inout standard_metadata_t standard_metadata) { apply { } } /************************************************************************* ************* C H E C K S U M C O M P U T A T I O N ************** *************************************************************************/ control MyComputeChecksum(inout headers hdr, inout metadata meta) { apply { update_checksum( hdr.ipv4.isValid(), { hdr.ipv4.version, hdr.ipv4.ihl, hdr.ipv4.diffserv, hdr.ipv4.totalLen, hdr.ipv4.identification, hdr.ipv4.flags, hdr.ipv4.fragOffset, hdr.ipv4.ttl, hdr.ipv4.protocol, hdr.ipv4.srcAddr, hdr.ipv4.dstAddr }, hdr.ipv4.hdrChecksum, HashAlgorithm.csum16); } } /************************************************************************* *********************** D E P A R S E R ******************************* *************************************************************************/ control MyDeparser(packet_out packet, in headers hdr) { apply { packet.emit(hdr.ethernet); packet.emit(hdr.myTunnel); packet.emit(hdr.ipv4); } } /************************************************************************* *********************** S W I T C H ******************************* *************************************************************************/ V1Switch( MyParser(), MyVerifyChecksum(), MyIngress(), MyEgress(), MyComputeChecksum(), MyDeparser() ) main;
make run
将上述程序编译并运行xterm h1 h2 h3
打开命令行,并在h2、h3命令行下运行./receive.py
开始监听./send.py 10.0.2.2 "h2"
./send.py 10.0.3.3 "h3"
./send.py 10.0.3.3 "h2" --dst_id 2
使用隧道技术后,数据包可以无视目的ip地址,而根据dst_id送达
Q 主要问题是对于代码的补充可能会出错 (笨比竟是我自己
比如:
A 从运行结果中可以清楚地看到哪一行有报错,可以针对性地找到对应的行并修改。