Java教程
遇见狂神说JavaWeb笔记详解
本文主要是介绍遇见狂神说JavaWeb笔记详解，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
该笔记大部分搬运B站遇见狂神说的javaWeb，顺便把图文合并记录，便于回顾
视频地址：https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV12J411M7Sj 记得三连
文章目录
-
- 1、基本概念
-
- 1.1、前言
- 1.2、web应用程序web应用程序：
- 1.3、静态web
- 1.4、 动态web
- 2、web服务器
-
- 2.1、技术讲解
- 2.2、web服务器
- 3、Tomcat
-
- 3.1安装tomcat tomcat
- 3.2、Tomcat启动和配置
- 3.3、配置
- 3.4、发布一个web网站
- 4、Http
-
- 4.1、什么是HTTPHTTP
- 4.2、两个时代
- 4.3、Http请求
-
- 1、请求行
- 2、消息头
- 4.4、Http响应
-
- 1、响应体
- 2、响应状态码
- 5、Maven
-
- 5.1 Maven项目架构管理工具
- 5.2下载安装Maven
- 5.3配置环境变量
- 5.4阿里云镜像
- 5.5本地仓库
- 5.6 ~ 5.13笔记-下载地址
- 6、Servlet
-
- 6.1、Servlet简介
- 6.2、HelloServlet
- 6.2、HelloServlet
- 6.3、Servlet原理
- 6.4、Mapping问题
- 6.5、ServletContext
-
- 1、共享数据
- 2、获取初始化参数
- 3、请求转发
- 6.6、HttpServletResponse
-
- 1、简单分类
- 2、下载文件
- 3、验证码功能
- 6.7、HttpServletRequest
-
- 获取参数,请求转发
- 7、Cookie、Session
-
- 7.1、会话
- 7.2、保存会话的两种技术
- 7.3、Cookie
- 7.4、Session（重点）
- 8、JSP
-
- 8.1、什么是JSP
- 8.2、JSP原理
- 8.3、JSP基础语法
-
- JSP表达式
- jsp脚本片段
- JSP声明
- 8.4、JSP指令
- 8.5、9大内置对象
- 8.6、JSP标签、JSTL标签、EL表达式
- 9、JavaBean
- 10、MVC三层架构
-
- 10.1、以前的架构
- 10.2、MVC三层架构
- 11、Filter （重点）
- 12、监听器
- 13、过滤器、监听器常见应用
- 14、JDBC
- 15、SMBMS(超市管理项目)
1、基本概念
1.1、前言
web开发：
-
web，网页的意思，www.baidu.com·
-
静态web
- html,css
- 提供给所有人看的数据始终不会发生变化！
-
动态web
- 淘宝，几乎是所有的网站；
- 提供给所有人看的数据始终会发生变化，每个人在不同的时间，不同的地点看到的信息各不相同！
- 技术栈：Servlet/JSP，ASP，PHP
1.2、web应用程序web应用程序：
可以提供浏览器访问的程序；
- a.html、b.html.….多个web资源，这些web资源可以被外界访问，对外界提供服务；
- 你们能访问到的任何一个页面或者资源，都存在于这个世界的某一个角落的计算机上。
- URL
- 这个统一的web资源会被放在同一个文件夹下，web应用程序>Tomcat：服务器
- 一个web应用由多部分组成（静态web，动态web)
- html,css,js
- jsp,servlet
- Java程序
- jar包
- 配置文件（Properties)
Web酸用程序编写完毕后，若想提供给外界访问；需费一个服务蔬来统一管理
1.3、静态web
-
*.htm， *.html这些都是网员的后境、如果服务器上一直存在这些东四，我们就可以直接进行读取、需要网络；
-
-
静态web存在的缺点
- Web页面无法动态更新，所有用户看到都是同一个页面
- 轮播图，点击特效：伪动态
- JavaScript[实际开发中，它用的最多]
- VBScript
- 它无法和数据库交互（数据无法持久化，用户无法交互）
- Web页面无法动态更新，所有用户看到都是同一个页面
1.4、 动态web
页面会动态展示，“web页面的展示效果因人而异”
缺点：
- 加入服务器的动态web资源出现了错误，我们需要重新编写我们的后台程序，重新发布；
- 停机维护优点：
- Web页面可以动态更新，所有用户看到都不是同一个页面
- 它可以与数据库交互（数据持久化：注册，商品信息，用户信息………）
2、web服务器
2.1、技术讲解
ASP:
- 微软：国内最早流行的就是ASP；
- ·在HTML中嵌入了VB的脚本，ASP+COM；
- ·在ASP开发中，基本一个页面都有几干行的业务代码，页面极其换乱
- ·维护成本高！
- C#
- IIS
php:
- PHP开发速度很快，功能很强大，跨平台，代码很简单（70%，WP）
- ·无法承载大访问量的情况（局限性）
jSP/Servlet:
B/S；浏览和服务器C/S：客户端和服务器
- sun公司主推的B/S架构
- 基于Java语言的（所有的大公司，或者一些开源的组件，都是用Java写的）
- 可以承载三高问题带来的影响；
- 语法像ASP，ASP->JSP，加强市场强度；
2.2、web服务器
服务器是一种被动的操作，用来处理用户的一些请求和给用户一些响应信息；
lIS
微软的；ASP.,Windows中自带的
Tomcat
面向百度编程：
Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation)的jakarta项目中的一个核心项目，最新的Servlet 和JSP 规范总是能在Tomcat中得到体现，因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，而且免费，因而深受lava爱好者的喜爱并得到了部分软件开发商的认可，成为目前比较流行的Web应用服务器。
Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP程序的首选。对于一个Java初学web的人来说，它是最佳的选择
Tomcat 实际上运行JSP页面和Serlet。Tornct最新版易9.0
工作3-5年之后，可以尝试手写Tomcat服务器；
下载tomcat：
- 安装or解压
- 了解配置文件及目录结构
- 这个东西的作用
3、Tomcat
3.1安装tomcat tomcat
官网：http://tomcat.apache.org/
3.2、Tomcat启动和配置
文件夹作用:
访问测试：http://localhost:8080/
可能遇到的问题：
- Java环境变量没有配置
- 闪退问题：需要配置兼容性
- 乱码问题：配置文件中设置
可以修改 conf/logging.properties 中的 java.util.logging.ConsoleHandler.encoding = GBK 解决乱码问题
3.3、配置
可以配置启动的端口号
- tomcat的默认端口号为：8080
- mysql:3306
- http:80
- https：443
<Connector port="8081" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" />
123
可以配置主机的名称
- 默认的主机名为：localhost->127.0.0.1
- 默认网站应用存放的位置为：webapps
<Host name="www.qinjiang.com" appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">
12
高难度面试题：
请你谈谈网站是如何进行访问的！
- 输入一个域名；回车
- 检查本机的C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts配置文件下有没有这个域名映射；
-
有：直接返回对应的ip地址，这个地址中，有我们需要访问的web程序，可以直接访问
127.0.0.1 www.qinjiang.com 1 -
没有：去DNS服务器找，找到的话就返回，找不到就返回找不到；
-
4.可以配置一下环境变量（可选性）
3.4、发布一个web网站
不会就先模仿
- 将自己写的网站，放到服务器（Tomcat)中指定的web应用的文件夹（webapps)下，就可以访问了
网站应该有的结构
--webapps ：Tomcat服务器的web目录
-ROOT
-kuangstudy ：网站的目录名
- WEB-INF
-classes : java程序
-lib：web应用所依赖的jar包
-web.xml ：网站配置文件
- index.html 默认的首页
- static
-css
-style.css
-js
-img
-.....
1234567891011121314
HTTP协议：面试
Maven:构建工具
- Maven安装包
Servlet入门
- HelloWorld!
- Servlet配置 ·原理
4、Http
4.1、什么是HTTPHTTP
(超文本传输协议）是一个简单的请求-响应协议，它通常运行在TCP之上。
- 文本：html，字符串，…
- 超文本：图片，音乐，视频，定位，地图.……
- 端口:80
Https:安全的
4.2、两个时代
- http1.0
- HTTP/1.0：客户端可以与web服务器连接后，只能获得一个web资源，断开连接
- http2.0
- HTTP/1.1：客户端可以与web服务器连接后，可以获得多个web资源。
4.3、Http请求
- 客户端–发请求（Request）–服务器
百度：
Request URL:https://www.baidu.com/ 请求地址 Request Method:GET get方法/post方法 Status Code:200 OK 状态码：200 Remote（远程） Address:14.215.177.39:443
Accept:text/html
Accept-Encoding:gzip, deflate, br
Accept-Language:zh-CN,zh;q=0.9 语言
Cache-Control:max-age=0
Connection:keep-alive
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
1、请求行
- 请求行中的请求方式：GET
- 请求方式：Get,Post,HEAD,DELETE,PUT,TRACT.…
- get：请求能够携带的参数比较少，大小有限制，会在浏览器的URL地址栏显示数据内容，不安全，但高效
- post:请求能够携带的参数没有限制，大小没有限制，不会在浏览器的URL地址栏显示数据内容，安全，但不高效。
2、消息头
Accept：告诉浏览器，它所支持的数据类型 Accept-Encoding：支持哪种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 ISO8859-1 Accept-Language：告诉浏览器，它的语言环境 Cache-Control：缓存控制 Connection：告诉浏览器，请求完成是断开还是保持连接 HOST：主机..../. 123456
4.4、Http响应
- 服务器–响应…….客户端
百度：
Cache-Control:private 缓存控制 Connection:Keep-Alive 连接 Content-Encoding:gzip 编码 Content-Type:text/html 类型 1234
1、响应体
Accept：告诉浏览器，它所支持的数据类型 Accept-Encoding：支持哪种编码格式 GBK UTF-8 GB2312 ISO8859-1 Accept-Language：告诉浏览器，它的语言环境 Cache-Control：缓存控制 Connection：告诉浏览器，请求完成是断开还是保持连接 HOST：主机..../. Refresh：告诉客户端，多久刷新一次； Location：让网页重新定位； 12345678
2、响应状态码
200：请求响应成功200
3xx:请求重定向·重定向：你重新到我给你新位置去；
4xx:找不到资源404·资源不存在；
5xx:服务器代码错误 500 502:网关错误
常见面试题：
当你的浏览器中地址栏输入地址并回车的一瞬间到页面能够展示回来，经历了什么？
5、Maven
我为什么要学习这个技术？
- 在Javaweb开发中，需要使用大量的jar包，我们手动去导入；
- 如何能够让一个东西自动帮我导入和配置这个jar包。
由此，Maven诞生了！
5.1 Maven项目架构管理工具
我们目前用来就是方便导入jar包的！
Maven的核心思想：约定大于配置
- 有约束，不要去违反。
Maven会规定好你该如何去编写我们Java代码，必须要按照这个规范来；
5.2下载安装Maven
官网：https://maven.apache.org/
下载完成后，解压即可；
小狂神友情建议：电脑上的所有环境都放在一个文件夹下，方便管理；
5.3配置环境变量
在我们的系统环境变量中配置如下配置：
- M2_HOME maven目录下的bin目录
- MAVEN_HOME maven的目录
- 在系统的path中配置%MAVEN_HOME%\bin
测试Maven是否安装成功，保证必须配置完毕！
5.4阿里云镜像
- 镜像：mirrors
- 作用：加速我们的下载
- 国内建议使用阿里云的镜像
<mirror>
<id>nexus-aliyun</id>
<mirrorOf>*,!jeecg,!jeecg-snapshots</mirrorOf>
<name>Nexus aliyun</name>
<url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public</url>
</mirror>
123456
D:Enmvironment\apache-maven-3.6.2conf\ettings.xml
（狂神老师配置源和仓库的文件位置）
5.5本地仓库
在本地的仓库，远程仓库； 建立一个本地仓库：localRepository
<localRepository>D:\Environment\apache-maven-3.6.2\maven-repo</localRepository> 1
5.6 ~ 5.13笔记-下载地址
（拒接度盘）下载地址：https://lanzoui.com/ibuibxi
后面的 5.6 ~ 5.13 + 案例演示 (图)
后面第 5 剩下部分的笔记建议配合狂神的
“javaweb-06：IDEA中Maven的操作”、“javaweb-07：解决大家遇到的一些问题”
仔细（回）看
6、Servlet
6.1、Servlet简介
- Servlet就是sun公司开发动态web的一门技术
- Sun在这些APi中提供一个接口叫做：Servlet，如果你想开发一个Servlet程序，只需要完成两个小步骤：
- 编写一个类，实现Serlet接口
- 把开发好java类部署到web服务器中。
把实现了Servlet接口的Java程序叫做，Servlet
6.2、HelloServlet
Serlvet接口Sun公司有两个默认的实现类：HttpServlet，GenericServled
6.2、HelloServlet
- 构建一个普通的Maven项目，等理面的sc目录，以后我们的学习就在这个项目里面建立Moudel；这个空的工程就题Maven主工程；
- 关于Maven父子工程的理解；
父项目中会有
<modules>
<module>servlet-01</module>
</modules>
123
子项目会有
<parent>
<artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId>
<groupId>com.kuang</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
12345
父项目中的java子项目可以直接使用
son extends father 1
- Maven环境优化
- 修改web.xml为最新的
- 将maven的结构搭建完整
.
- 编写一个Servlet程序
- 编写一个普通类
- 实现Servlet接口，这里我们直接继承HttpServlet
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
<span class="token comment">//由于get或者post只是请求实现的不同的方式，可以相互调用，业务逻辑都一样；</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">//ServletOutputStream outputStream = resp.getOutputStream();</span>
PrintWriter writer <span class="token operator">=</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//响应流</span>
writer<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Hello,Serlvet"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 编写Servlet的映射
为什么需要映射：我们写的是JAVA程序，但是要通过浏览器访问，而浏览器需要连接web服务器，所以我们需
要再web服务中注册我们写的Servlet，还需给他一个浏览器能够访问的路径；
<!--注册Servlet-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<!--Servlet的请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 配置Tomcat
注意：配置项目发布的路径就可以了
- 启动测试，OK！
6.3、Servlet原理
Servlet是由Web服务器调用，web服务器在收到浏览器请求之后，会：
6.4、Mapping问题
- 一个Servlet可以指定一个映射路径
.
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
1234
- 一个servlet可以指定多个映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello2</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello3</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello4</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello5</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 一个servlet可以指定通用映射路径
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
1234
- 默认请求路径
<!--默认请求路径-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
12345
- 指定一些后缀或者前缀等等…
<!--可以自定义后缀实现请求映射
注意点，*前面不能加项目映射的路径
hello/sajdlkajda.qinjiang
-->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.qinjiang</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
123456789
- 优先级问题
指定了固有的映射路径优先级最高，如果找不到就会走默认的处理请求；
<!--404-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ErrorServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
6.5、ServletContext
web容器在启动的时候，它会为每个web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象，它代表了当前的web应用；
1、共享数据
我在这个Servlet中保存的数据，可以在另外一个servlet中拿到；
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
<span class="token comment">//this.getInitParameter() 初始化参数</span>
<span class="token comment">//this.getServletConfig() Servlet配置</span>
<span class="token comment">//this.getServletContext() Servlet上下文</span>
ServletContext context <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String username <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">"秦疆"</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//数据</span>
context<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//将一个数据保存在了ServletContext中，名字为：username 。值 username</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username");
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"text/html"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"名字"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
<servlet>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>servlet</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>servlet-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>getc<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>servlet-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>servlet-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>com.kuang.servlet.GetServlet<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>servlet-class</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>servlet</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>servlet-mapping</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>servlet-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>getc<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>servlet-name</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>url-pattern</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>/getc<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>url-pattern</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>servlet-mapping</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
测试访问结果；
2、获取初始化参数
<!--配置一些web应用初始化参数-->
<context-param>
<param-name>url</param-name>
<param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value>
</context-param>
12345
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
resp.getWriter().print(url);
}
12345
3、请求转发
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
System.out.println("进入了ServletDemo04");
//RequestDispatcher requestDispatcher = context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp"); //转发的请求路径
//requestDispatcher.forward(req,resp); //调用forward实现请求转发；
context.getRequestDispatcher("/gp").forward(req,resp);
}
12345678
4、读取资源文件
Properties
- 在java目录下新建properties
- 在resources目录下新建properties
发现：都被打包到了同一个路径下：classes，我们俗称这个路径为classpath:
思路：需要一个文件流
username=root12312 password=zxczxczxc 12
public class ServletDemo05 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
InputStream is <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">this</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getResourceAsStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/WEB-INF/classes/com/kuang/servlet/aa.properties"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
Properties prop <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Properties</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
prop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">load</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>is<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String user <span class="token operator">=</span> prop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String pwd <span class="token operator">=</span> prop<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getProperty</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"password"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>user<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">":"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>pwd<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
访问测试即可ok;
6.6、HttpServletResponse
web服务器接收到客户端的http请求，针对这个请求，分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest 对象，代表响应的一个HttpServletResponse； 12
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数：找HttpServletRequest
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息：找HttpServletResponse
1、简单分类
负责向浏览器发送数据的方法
servletOutputstream getOutputstream() throws IOException;
Printwriter getwriter() throws IOException;
12
负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1)； void setContentLength(int var1)； void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1)； void setDateHeader(String varl,long var2) void addDateHeader(String var1,long var2) void setHeader(String var1,String var2); void addHeader(String var1,String var2)； void setIntHeader(String var1,int var2); void addIntHeader(String varl,int var2); 12345678910
响应的状态码
2、下载文件
- 向浏览器输出消息（一直在讲，就不说了）
- 下载文件
- 要获取下载文件的路径
- 下载的文件名是啥？
- 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
- 获取下载文件的输入流
- 创建缓冲区
- 获取OutputStream对象
- 将FileOutputStream流写入到bufer缓冲区
- 使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
// 1. 要获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = "F:\\班级管理\\西开【19525】\\2、代码\\JavaWeb\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\target\\classes\\秦疆.png";
System.out.println("下载文件的路径："+realPath);
// 2. 下载的文件名是啥？
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
// 3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码，否则有可能乱码
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
// 4. 获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath);
// 5. 创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// 6. 获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
// 7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端！
while ((len=in.read(buffer))>0){
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">close</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
3、验证码功能
验证怎么来的?
- 前端实现
- 后端实现，需要用到Java的图片类，生产一个图片
package com.kuang.servlet;
import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet {
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token comment">//如何让浏览器3秒自动刷新一次;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"refresh"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"3"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//在内存中创建一个图片</span>
BufferedImage image <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">BufferedImage</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>BufferedImage<span class="token punctuation">.</span>TYPE_INT_RGB<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//得到图片</span>
Graphics2D g <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Graphics2D<span class="token punctuation">)</span> image<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getGraphics</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//笔</span>
<span class="token comment">//设置图片的背景颜色</span>
g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Color<span class="token punctuation">.</span>white<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">fillRect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">80</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//给图片写数据</span>
g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setColor</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Color<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BLUE<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setFont</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Font</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>null<span class="token punctuation">,</span>Font<span class="token punctuation">.</span>BOLD<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
g<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">drawString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token function">makeNum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">20</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//告诉浏览器，这个请求用图片的方式打开</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"image/jpeg"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//网站存在缓存，不让浏览器缓存</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setDateHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"expires"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Cache-Control"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"no-cache"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setHeader</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"Pragma"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"no-cache"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//把图片写给浏览器</span>
ImageIO<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>image<span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"jpg"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getOutputStream</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//生成随机数</span>
<span class="token keyword">private</span> String <span class="token function">makeNum</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
Random random <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Random</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String num <span class="token operator">=</span> random<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">nextInt</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">9999999</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">""</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
StringBuffer sb <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">StringBuffer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">int</span> i <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> i <span class="token operator"><</span> <span class="token number">7</span><span class="token operator">-</span>num<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">length</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">;</span> i<span class="token operator">++</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">append</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"0"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
num <span class="token operator">=</span> sb<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">toString</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">return</span> num<span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
- 50
- 51
- 52
- 53
- 54
- 55
- 56
- 57
- 58
- 59
- 60
- 61
- 62
- 63
<servlet> <servlet-name>ImageServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.kuang.servlet.ImageServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>Imageservlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/img</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> 12345678
常见场景:
- 用户登录
void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException; 1
测试：
@override
protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req, HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token function">sendRedirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/r/img"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token comment">//重定向</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
resp. setHeader("Location","/r/img");
resp. setstatus (302);
*
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
index.jsp
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hel1o World!</h2>
《%--这里超交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%>
<%--${pageContext. request, contextPath}代表当前的项目--%>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>form</span> <span class="token attr-name">action</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>${pageContext. request.contextPath}/login<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">method</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>get<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
用户名: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>text<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>username<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
密码: <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>password<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span> <span class="token attr-name">name</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>password<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span> <span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>br</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>input</span> <span class="token attr-name">type</span><span class="token attr-value"><span class="token punctuation">=</span><span class="token punctuation">"</span>submit<span class="token punctuation">"</span></span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>form</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
<span class="token tag"><span class="token tag"><span class="token punctuation"></</span>body</span><span class="token punctuation">></span></span>
</html>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
RequestTest.java
public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//处理方求
String username = req.getParameter( s: "username");
String password rea.getParameter( s: "password");
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>username<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token string">":"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>password<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">sendRedirect</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>s<span class="token operator">:</span> <span class="token string">"/r/success.jsp"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
重定向页面success.jsp
<%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>success</h1>
</body>
</html>
123456789
web.xml配置
<servlet>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>com. kuang. servlet. RequestTest</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>requset</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
12345678
导入依赖的jar包
<dependencies>
<!-- https://mvnrepository. com/artifact/javax. servLet/javax. servlet-opi -->
<dependency>
<groupld>javax.servlet</grouptd>
<artifactId>javax. servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>4.0.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/javax. servLet.jsp/javax. servLet.jsp-opi -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupld>
<artifactId>javax. servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.3</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
123456789101112131415
6.7、HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户通过Http协议访问服务器, HTTP请求中的所有信息会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息;
获取参数,请求转发
自己创建类，且需要继承HttpServlet类
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpservletRequest req. HttpservletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
req<span class="token punctuation">.</span> <span class="token function">setcharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setcharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String username <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParameter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"username"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String password <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParameter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"password"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
String<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> hobbys <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getParameterValues</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"hobbys"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"=========="</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//后台接收中文乱码问题</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>username<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>password<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>Arrays<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">tostring</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>hobbys<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"============"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
system<span class="token punctuation">.</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getContextPath</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//通过请求转发</span>
<span class="token comment">//这里的/代表当前的web应用</span>
req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getRequestDispatcher</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"/success.jsp"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">forward</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span>resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
7、Cookie、Session
7.1、会话
会话：用户打开一个浏览器，点击了很多超链接，访问多个web资源，关闭浏览器，这个过程可以称之为会话；
有状态会话：一个同学来过教室，下次再来教室，我们会知道这个同学，曾经来过，称之为有状态会话；
你能怎么证明你是西开的学生？
你 西开
- 发票 西开给你发票
- 学校登记 西开标记你来过了
一个网站，怎么证明你来过？
客户端 服务端
- 服务端给客户端一个 信件，客户端下次访问服务端带上信件就可以了； cookie
- 服务器登记你来过了，下次你来的时候我来匹配你； seesion
7.2、保存会话的两种技术
cookie
- 客户端技术 （响应，请求）
session
- 服务器技术，利用这个技术，可以保存用户的会话信息？ 我们可以把信息或者数据放在Session中！
常见常见：网站登录之后，你下次不用再登录了，第二次访问直接就上去了！
7.3、Cookie
- 从请求中拿到cookie信息
- 服务器响应给客户端cookie
Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies(); //获得Cookie
cookie.getName(); //获得cookie中的key
cookie.getValue(); //获得cookie中的vlaue
new Cookie("lastLoginTime", System.currentTimeMillis()+""); //新建一个cookie
cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60); //设置cookie的有效期
resp.addCookie(cookie); //响应给客户端一个cookie
123456
cookie：一般会保存在本地的 用户目录下 appdata；
一个网站cookie是否存在上限！聊聊细节问题
- 一个Cookie只能保存一个信息；
- 一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie，最多存放20个cookie；
- Cookie大小有限制4kb；
- 300个cookie浏览器上限
删除Cookie；
- 不设置有效期，关闭浏览器，自动失效；
- 设置有效期时间为 0 ；
编码解码：
URLEncoder.encode("秦疆","utf-8")
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"UTF-8")
12
7.4、Session（重点）
什么是Session：
- 服务器会给每一个用户（浏览器）创建一个Seesion对象；
- 一个Seesion独占一个浏览器，只要浏览器没有关闭，这个Session就存在；
- 用户登录之后，整个网站它都可以访问！–> 保存用户的信息；保存购物车的信息……
…
…
…
Session和cookie的区别：
- Cookie是把用户的数据写给用户的浏览器，浏览器保存 （可以保存多个）
- Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中，服务器端保存 （保存重要的信息，减少服务器资源的浪费）
- Session对象由服务创建；
使用场景：
- 保存一个登录用户的信息；
- 购物车信息；
- 在整个网站中经常会使用的数据，我们将它保存在Session中；
使用Session：
package com.kuang.servlet;
import com.kuang.pojo.Person;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.*;
import java.io.IOException;
public class SessionDemo01 extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
<span class="token comment">//解决乱码问题</span>
req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"UTF-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"UTF-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"text/html;charset=utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//得到Session</span>
HttpSession session <span class="token operator">=</span> req<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//给Session中存东西</span>
session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"name"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Person</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"秦疆"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//获取Session的ID</span>
String sessionId <span class="token operator">=</span> session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token comment">//判断Session是不是新创建</span>
<span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>session<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">isNew</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"session创建成功,ID:"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>sessionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
resp<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getWriter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"session以及在服务器中存在了,ID:"</span><span class="token operator">+</span>sessionId<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//Session创建的时候做了什么事情；</span>
// Cookie cookie = new Cookie(“JSESSIONID”,sessionId);
// resp.addCookie(cookie);
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span>
<span class="token keyword">protected</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doPost</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpServletRequest req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> HttpServletResponse resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> IOException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
<span class="token function">doGet</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>req<span class="token punctuation">,</span> resp<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
//得到Session HttpSession session = req.getSession();
Person person = (Person) session.getAttribute(“name”);
System.out.println(person.toString());
HttpSession session = req.getSession();
session.removeAttribute(“name”);
//手动注销Session
session.invalidate();
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
会话自动过期：web.xml配置
<!--设置Session默认的失效时间-->
<session-config>
<!--15分钟后Session自动失效，以分钟为单位-->
<session-timeout>15</session-timeout>
</session-config>
12345
8、JSP
8.1、什么是JSP
Java Server Pages ： Java服务器端页面，也和Servlet一样，用于动态Web技术！
最大的特点：
- 写JSP就像在写HTML
- 区别：
- HTML只给用户提供静态的数据
- JSP页面中可以嵌入JAVA代码，为用户提供动态数据；
8.2、JSP原理
思路：JSP到底怎么执行的！
-
代码层面没有任何问题
-
服务器内部工作
tomcat中有一个work目录；
IDEA中使用Tomcat的会在IDEA的tomcat中生产一个work目录
我电脑的地址：
C:\Users\Administrator.IntelliJIdea2018.1\system\tomcat\Unnamed_javaweb-session-cookie\work\Catalina\localhost\ROOT\org\apache\jsp
发现页面转变成了Java程序！
浏览器向服务器发送请求，不管访问什么资源，其实都是在访问Servlet！
JSP最终也会被转换成为一个Java类！
JSP 本质上就是一个Servlet
//初始化
public void _jspInit() {
}
//销毁
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
//JSPService
public void _jspService(.HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
-
判断请求
-
内置一些对象
final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; //页面上下文 javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null; //session final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; //applicationContext final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; //config javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; //out final java.lang.Object page = this; //page：当前 HttpServletRequest request //请求 HttpServletResponse response //响应 12345678
-
输出页面前增加的代码
response.setContentType("text/html"); //设置响应的页面类型 pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, true, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); session = pageContext.getSession(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; 123456789 -
以上的这些个对象我们可以在JSP页面中直接使用！
在JSP页面中；
只要是 JAVA代码就会原封不动的输出；
如果是HTML代码，就会被转换为：
out.write("<html>\r\n");
1
这样的格式，输出到前端！
8.3、JSP基础语法
任何语言都有自己的语法，JAVA中有,。 JSP 作为java技术的一种应用，它拥有一些自己扩充的语法（了解，知道即可！），Java所有语法都支持！
JSP表达式
<%--JSP表达式 作用：用来将程序的输出，输出到客户端 <%= 变量或者表达式%> --%> <%= new java.util.Date()%> 12345
jsp脚本片段
<%--jsp脚本片段--%>
<%
int sum = 0;
for (int i = 1; i <=100 ; i++) {
sum+=i;
}
out.println("<h1>Sum="+sum+"</h1>");
%>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
脚本片段的再实现
<%
int x = 10;
out.println(x);
%>
<p>这是一个JSP文档</p>
<%
int y = 2;
out.println(y);
%>
<hr>
<%–在代码嵌入HTML元素–%>
<%
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
%>
<h1>Hello,World <%=i%> </h1>
<%
}
%>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
JSP声明
<%!
static {
System.out.println("Loading Servlet!");
}
<span class="token keyword">private</span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> globalVar <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">kuang</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"进入了方法Kuang！"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
%>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
JSP声明：会被编译到JSP生成Java的类中！其他的，就会被生成到_jspService方法中！
在JSP，嵌入Java代码即可！
<%%> <%=%> <%!%>
<%–注释–%>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
JSP的注释，不会在客户端显示，HTML就会！
8.4、JSP指令
<%@page args.... %> <%@include file=""%>
<%–@include会将两个页面合二为一–%>
<%@include file=“common/header.jsp”%>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<%@include file=“common/footer.jsp”%>
<hr>
<%–jSP标签
jsp:include：拼接页面，本质还是三个
–%>
<jsp:include page="/common/header.jsp"/>
<h1>网页主体</h1>
<jsp:include page="/common/footer.jsp"/>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
8.5、9大内置对象
- PageContext 存东西
- Request 存东西
- Response
- Session 存东西
- Application 【SerlvetContext】 存东西
- config 【SerlvetConfig】
- out
- page ，不用了解
- exception
pageContext.setAttribute("name1","秦疆1号"); //保存的数据只在一个页面中有效
request.setAttribute("name2","秦疆2号"); //保存的数据只在一次请求中有效，请求转发会携带这个数据
session.setAttribute("name3","秦疆3号"); //保存的数据只在一次会话中有效，从打开浏览器到关闭浏览器
application.setAttribute("name4","秦疆4号"); //保存的数据只在服务器中有效，从打开服务器到关闭服务器
1234
request：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户看完就没用了，比如：新闻，用户看完没用的！
session：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户用完一会还有用，比如：购物车；
application：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，一个用户用完了，其他用户还可能使用，比如：聊天数据；
8.6、JSP标签、JSTL标签、EL表达式
<!-- JSTL表达式的依赖 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp.jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl-api</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- standard标签库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
EL表达式： ${ }
- 获取数据
- 执行运算
- 获取web开发的常用对象
JSP标签
<%--jsp:include--%>
<%–
http://localhost:8080/jsptag.jsp?name=kuangshen&age=12
–%>
<jsp:forward page="/jsptag2.jsp">
<jsp:param name=“name” value=“kuangshen”></jsp:param>
<jsp:param name=“age” value=“12”></jsp:param>
</jsp:forward>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
JSTL表达式
JSTL标签库的使用就是为了弥补HTML标签的不足；它自定义许多标签，可以供我们使用，标签的功能和Java代码一样！
格式化标签
SQL标签
XML 标签
核心标签 （掌握部分）
JSTL标签库使用步骤
- 引入对应的 taglib
- 使用其中的方法
- 在Tomcat 也需要引入 jstl的包，否则会报错：JSTL解析错误
c：if
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>if测试</h4>
<hr>
<form action=“coreif.jsp” method=“get”>
<%–
EL表达式获取表单中的数据
KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 291: …oken operator">&̲lt;</span>input…{param.username}">
<input type=“submit” value=“登录”>
</form>
<%–判断如果提交的用户名是管理员，则登录成功–%>
<c:if test="${param.username==‘admin’}" var=“isAdmin”>
<c:out value=“管理员欢迎您！”/>
</c:if>
<%–自闭合标签–%>
<c:out value="${isAdmin}"/>
</body>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
c:choose c:when
<body>
<%–定义一个变量score，值为85–%>
<c:set var=“score” value=“55”/>
<c:choose>
<c:when test="KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '&' at position 7: {score&̲gt;=90}"</span>…{score>=80}">
你的成绩为一般
</c:when>
<c:when test="KaTeX parse error: Expected '}', got '&' at position 7: {score&̲gt;=70}"</span>…{score<=60}">
你的成绩为不及格
</c:when>
</c:choose>
</body>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
c:forEach
<% ArrayList<span class="token generics function"><span class="token punctuation"><</span>String<span class="token punctuation">></span></span> people <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">ArrayList</span><span class="token operator"><</span><span class="token operator">></span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"张三"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"李四"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"王五"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"赵六"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> people<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token string">"田六"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"list"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>people<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
%>
<%–
var , 每一次遍历出来的变量
items, 要遍历的对象
begin, 哪里开始
end, 到哪里
step, 步长
–%>
<c:forEach var=“people” items="KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 44: …oken operator">&̲gt;</span> …{people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>
<hr>
<c:forEach var=“people” items="KaTeX parse error: Expected 'EOF', got '&' at position 282: …oken operator">&̲gt;</span> …{people}"/> <br>
</c:forEach>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
9、JavaBean
实体类
JavaBean有特定的写法：
- 必须要有一个无参构造
- 属性必须私有化
- 必须有对应的get/set方法；
一般用来和数据库的字段做映射 ORM；
ORM ：对象关系映射
- 表—>类
- 字段–>属性
- 行记录---->对象
people表
| id | name | age | address |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 秦疆1号 | 3 | 西安 |
| 2 | 秦疆2号 | 18 | 西安 |
| 3 | 秦疆3号 | 100 | 西安 |
class People{
private int id;
private String name;
private int id;
private String address;
}
class A{
new People(1,“秦疆1号”,3，“西安”);
new People(2,“秦疆2号”,3，“西安”);
new People(3,“秦疆3号”,3，“西安”);
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 过滤器
- 文件上传
- 邮件发送
- JDBC 复习 ： 如何使用JDBC , JDBC crud， jdbc 事务
10、MVC三层架构
- 什么是MVC： Model view Controller 模型、视图、控制器
10.1、以前的架构
用户直接访问控制层，控制层就可以直接操作数据库；
servlet--CRUD-->数据库 弊端：程序十分臃肿，不利于维护 servlet的代码中：处理请求、响应、视图跳转、处理JDBC、处理业务代码、处理逻辑代码
架构：没有什么是加一层解决不了的！
程序猿调用
↑
JDBC （实现该接口）
↑
Mysql Oracle SqlServer ....（不同厂商）
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
10.2、MVC三层架构
Model
- 业务处理 ：业务逻辑（Service）
- 数据持久层：CRUD （Dao - 数据持久化对象）
View
- 展示数据
- 提供链接发起Servlet请求 （a，form，img…）
Controller （Servlet）
-
接收用户的请求 ：（req：请求参数、Session信息….）
-
交给业务层处理对应的代码
-
控制视图的跳转
登录--->接收用户的登录请求--->处理用户的请求（获取用户登录的参数，username，password）---->交给业务层处理登录业务（判断用户名密码是否正确：事务）--->Dao层查询用户名和密码是否正确-->数据库 1
11、Filter （重点）
比如 Shiro安全框架技术就是用Filter来实现的
Filter：过滤器 ，用来过滤网站的数据；
- 处理中文乱码
- 登录验证….
（比如用来过滤网上骂人的话，我***我自己 0-0）
Filter开发步骤：
-
导包
-
编写过滤器
- 导包不要错 （注意）
实现Filter接口，重写对应的方法即可
public class CharacterEncodingFilter implements Filter {
<span class="token comment">//初始化：web服务器启动，就以及初始化了，随时等待过滤对象出现！</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">init</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>FilterConfig filterConfig<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> ServletException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CharacterEncodingFilter初始化"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//Chain : 链</span>
<span class="token comment">/*
1. 过滤中的所有代码，在过滤特定请求的时候都会执行
2. 必须要让过滤器继续同行
chain.doFilter(request,response);
*/</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">doFilter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>ServletRequest request<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ServletResponse response<span class="token punctuation">,</span> FilterChain chain<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">throws</span> IOException<span class="token punctuation">,</span> ServletException <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setCharacterEncoding</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"utf-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
response<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setContentType</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"text/html;charset=UTF-8"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CharacterEncodingFilter执行前...."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
chain<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">doFilter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>request<span class="token punctuation">,</span>response<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//让我们的请求继续走，如果不写，程序到这里就被拦截停止！</span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CharacterEncodingFilter执行后...."</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token comment">//销毁：web服务器关闭的时候，过滤器会销毁</span>
<span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">destroy</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span>
System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"CharacterEncodingFilter销毁"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 在web.xml中配置 Filter
<filter>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.kuang.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<!--只要是 /servlet的任何请求，会经过这个过滤器-->
<url-pattern>/servlet/*</url-pattern>
<!--<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>-->
<!-- 别偷懒写个 /* -->
</filter-mapping>
1234567891011
12、监听器
实现一个监听器的接口；（有n种监听器）
-
编写一个监听器
实现监听器的接口…
依赖的jar包
//统计网站在线人数 ： 统计session public class OnlineCountListener implements HttpSessionListener { <span class="token comment">//创建session监听： 看你的一举一动</span> <span class="token comment">//一旦创建Session就会触发一次这个事件！</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sessionCreated</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpSessionEvent se<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> ServletContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> System<span class="token punctuation">.</span>out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">println</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getId</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Integer onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>onlineCount<span class="token operator">==</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">intValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token operator">+</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">//销毁session监听</span> <span class="token comment">//一旦销毁Session就会触发一次这个事件！</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">sessionDestroyed</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>HttpSessionEvent se<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> ServletContext ctx <span class="token operator">=</span> se<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getSession</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> Integer onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>Integer<span class="token punctuation">)</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token punctuation">(</span>onlineCount<span class="token operator">==</span>null<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token keyword">else</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">int</span> count <span class="token operator">=</span> onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">intValue</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> onlineCount <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Integer</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>count<span class="token operator">-</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> ctx<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setAttribute</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"OnlineCount"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span>onlineCount<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token comment">/* Session销毁： 1. 手动销毁 getSession().invalidate(); 2. 自动销毁 */</span>
}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
- 27
- 28
- 29
- 30
- 31
- 32
- 33
- 34
- 35
- 36
- 37
- 38
- 39
- 40
- 41
- 42
- 43
- 44
- 45
- 46
- 47
- 48
- 49
-
web.xml中注册监听器
<!--注册监听器--> <listener> <listener-class>com.kuang.listener.OnlineCountListener</listener-class> </listener> 1234 -
看情况是否使用！
13、过滤器、监听器常见应用
监听器：GUI编程中经常使用；
public class TestPanel { public static void main(String[] args) { Frame frame = new Frame("中秋节快乐"); //新建一个窗体 Panel panel = new Panel(null); //面板 frame.setLayout(null); //设置窗体的布局 frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBounds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBackground</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//设置背景颜色</span> panel<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBounds</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">50</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">300</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> panel<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setBackground</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">Color</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">255</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//设置背景颜色</span> frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">add</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>panel<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">setVisible</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token boolean">true</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token comment">//监听事件，监听关闭事件</span> frame<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">addWindowListener</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token keyword">new</span> <span class="token class-name">WindowAdapter</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token annotation punctuation">@Override</span> <span class="token keyword">public</span> <span class="token keyword">void</span> <span class="token function">windowClosing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>WindowEvent e<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">{<!-- --></span> <span class="token keyword">super</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">windowClosing</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>e<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> <span class="token punctuation">}</span>}
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
- 10
- 11
- 12
- 13
- 14
- 15
- 16
- 17
- 18
- 19
- 20
- 21
- 22
- 23
- 24
- 25
- 26
用户登录之后才能进入主页！用户注销后就不能进入主页了！
-
用户登录之后，向Sesison中放入用户的数据
-
进入主页的时候要判断用户是否已经登录；要求：在过滤器中实现！
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req; HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) resp;
if (request.getSession().getAttribute(Constant.USER_SESSION)==null){
response.sendRedirect("/error.jsp");
}chain.doFilter(request,response);
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
14、JDBC
什么是JDBC ： Java连接数据库！
需要jar包的支持：
- java.sql
- javax.sql
- mysql-conneter-java… 连接驱动（必须要导入）
实验环境搭建
CREATE TABLE users( id INT PRIMARY KEY, `name` VARCHAR(40), `password` VARCHAR(40), email VARCHAR(60), birthday DATE );INSERT INTO users(id,
</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token punctuation">,email,birthday)
VALUES(1,‘张三’,‘123456’,‘zs@qq.com’,‘2000-01-01’);
INSERT INTO users(id,</span>name<span class="token punctuation">,</span>password<span class="token punctuation">,email,birthday)
VALUES(2,‘李四’,‘123456’,‘ls@qq.com’,‘2000-01-01’);
INSERT INTO users(id,<span class="token
这篇关于遇见狂神说JavaWeb笔记详解的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！
您可能喜欢
-
Mybatis官方生成器资料详解与应用教程11-26
-
Mybatis一级缓存资料详解与实战教程11-26
-
Mybatis一级缓存资料详解：新手快速入门11-26
-
SpringBoot3+JDK17搭建后端资料详尽教程11-26
-
Springboot单体架构搭建资料：新手入门教程11-26
-
Springboot单体架构搭建资料详解与实战教程11-26
-
Springboot框架资料：新手入门教程11-26
-
Springboot企业级开发资料入门教程11-26
-
SpringBoot企业级开发资料详解与实战教程11-26
-
Springboot微服务资料：新手入门全攻略11-26
-
SpringBoot微服务资料入门教程11-26
-
Springboot项目开发资料详解与入门指南11-26
-
SpringBoot项目开发资料详解入门教程11-26
-
SpringBoot应用的生产发布资料详解11-26
-
手写消息中间件：从零开始的指南11-26
栏目导航
