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中年人学C语言Windows程序设计,25判断单选按钮和复选框是否被选中

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在实际开发中,我们往往需要知道哪个按钮被选中了,才能进行下一步的操作。例如对于一组单选按钮,只有一个选项能被选中,最好的办法是将这组按钮作为参数传入一个函数,通过函数返回值判断哪个按钮被选中了。

但遗憾的是,在Windows中不能一次性获得一组按钮的选中状态,只能一个一个地遍历。复选框也是如此。

可以通过SendMessage函数发送BM_GETCHECK消息来获取按钮的选中状态,返回 BST_CHECKED 表示按钮被选中,返回 BST_UNCHECKED 是未被选中。

SendMessage 原型为:
LRESULT WINAPI SendMessage(
    HWND   hWnd,  //窗口(控件)句柄
    UINT   Msg,  //消息类型
    WPARAM wParam,  //附加消息1
    LPARAM lParam  //附加消息2
);

注意:发送 BM_GETCHECK 消息时,wParam 和 lParam 两个参数必须都为 0。

下面的代码会判断一个按钮是否被选中。如果被选中,那么会获取按钮文本并保存到缓冲区:

if( SendMessage(hCheckBox, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED ){
    GetWindowText(hCheckBox, szBuffer,  10);
}

我们对上节的例子进行改进,添加一个提交按钮,当用户点击该按钮时,获取用户的选项:

//窗口过程
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) {
    PAINTSTRUCT ps;
    HDC hdc;
    static HFONT hFont;  //逻辑字体
    //单选按钮
    static HWND labSex;  //静态文本框--性别
    static HWND radioMale;  //单选按钮--男
    static HWND radioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
    static HWND radioOther;
    //单选按钮
    static HWND labMarriage;  //静态文本框--婚姻状况
    static HWND radioMarried;  //单选按钮--已婚
    static HWND radioSingle;  //单选按钮--未婚
    static HWND radioSecrecy;  //单选按钮--保密
    //复选框
    static HWND labPet;  //静态文本框--你的宠物
    static HWND checkboxDog;  //复选框--狗
    static HWND checkboxCat;  //复选框--猫
    static HWND checkboxFish;  //复选框--鱼
    static HWND checkboxOther;  //复选框--其他

    //分组框控件
    static HWND hGroupSex;  //分组框--性别
    static HWND hRadioMale;  //单选按钮--男
    static HWND hRadioFemale;  //单选按钮--女
    //设置缓冲区
    static TCHAR szBufSex[10];  //保存性别
    static TCHAR szBufMarriage[10];  //保存婚姻状况
    static TCHAR szBufPet[20];  //保存宠物
    static TCHAR szBufSubmit[100];  //保存提交时显示的文本
    static TCHAR szBufTmp[10];  //临时缓冲区
    /**
     * 为了节省空间,这里省略了各种控件句柄的定义
     * 这里的代码与上节相同,请参考上节代码
    **/
    static HWND btnSubmit;  //按钮控件
    int wmId, wmEvent;
    
    switch (message) {
    case  WM_CREATE:
        btnSubmit = CreateWindow(TEXT("button"), TEXT("提 交"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_BORDER | BS_PUSHBUTTON,
            20, 250, 200, 36,
            hWnd, (HMENU)13, hInst, NULL
        );

        hFont = CreateFont(
            -14, -7, 0, 0, 400,
            FALSE, FALSE, FALSE, DEFAULT_CHARSET,
            OUT_CHARACTER_PRECIS, CLIP_CHARACTER_PRECIS, DEFAULT_QUALITY,
            FF_DONTCARE, TEXT("微软雅黑")
        );
        //选择性别
        labSex = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的性别:"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT/*文字居右*/,
            10, 10, 80, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)1, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioMale = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ | WS_GROUP,
            95, 10, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)2, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioFemale = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
            150, 10, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)3, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioOther = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("其他"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT/*文字居左*/ | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/ ,
            205, 10, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)4, hInst, NULL
        );
        //选择婚姻状况
        labMarriage = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("static"), TEXT("婚姻状况:"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
            10, 40, 80, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)14, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioMarried = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("已婚"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON | WS_GROUP,
            95, 40, 65, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)5, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioSingle = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("未婚"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
            165, 40, 65, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)6, hInst, NULL
        );
        radioSecrecy = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("保密"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
            235, 40, 100, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)7, hInst, NULL
        );
        //你的宠物
        labPet = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("static"), TEXT("你的宠物:"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | SS_CENTERIMAGE | SS_RIGHT,
            10, 70, 80, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)18, hInst, NULL
        );

        checkboxDog = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("狗"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX/*复选框*/,
            95, 70, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)9, hInst, NULL
        );
        checkboxCat = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("猫"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
            150, 70, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)10, hInst, NULL
        );
        checkboxFish = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("鱼"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
            205, 70, 50, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)11, hInst, NULL
        );
        checkboxOther = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("蜘蛛"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTOCHECKBOX,
            260, 70, 65, 26,
            hWnd, (HMENU)12, hInst, NULL
        );
        SendMessage(btnSubmit, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(labSex, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioMale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioFemale, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(labMarriage, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioMarried, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioSingle, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(radioSecrecy, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(labPet, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(checkboxDog, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(checkboxCat, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(checkboxFish, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        SendMessage(checkboxOther, WM_SETFONT, (WPARAM)hFont, 0);
        //创建分组框控件
        hGroupSex = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("你的性别"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_GROUPBOX,
            20, 120, 300, 70,
            hWnd, (HMENU)21, hInst, NULL
        );
        //接下来添加单选按钮
        hRadioMale = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("男"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON /*单选按钮*/,
            15, 30, 50, 26,
            hGroupSex /*父窗口为 GroupBox 控件*/, 
            (HMENU)22, hInst, NULL
        );
        hRadioFemale = CreateWindow(
            TEXT("button"), TEXT("女"),
            WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | BS_LEFT | BS_AUTORADIOBUTTON,
            80, 30, 50, 26,
            hGroupSex, 
            (HMENU)23, hInst, NULL
        );
        break;
       
     case WM_COMMAND:
         wmId = LOWORD(wParam);
         wmEvent = HIWORD(wParam);
         if (wmEvent == BN_CLICKED) {
             switch (wmId) {
                 //获取性别
             case 2:
             case 3:
             case 4:
                 GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufSex, 10);
                 break;
                 //获取婚姻状况
             case 5:
             case 6:
             case 7:
                 GetWindowText((HWND)lParam, szBufMarriage, 10);
                 break;
            
                 //获取宠物
             case 9:
             case 10:
             case 11:
             case 12:
                 memset(szBufPet, 0, sizeof(szBufPet));//清空szBuffer内容 
               
                 //是否选中狗
                 if (SendMessage(checkboxDog, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
                     GetWindowText(checkboxDog, szBufTmp, 10);
                     StringCchPrintf(szBufPet,20, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                    
                 }
                 //是否选中猫
                 if (SendMessage(checkboxCat, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
                     GetWindowText(checkboxCat, szBufTmp, 10);
                     StringCchPrintf(szBufPet, 20, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                 }
                 //是否选中鱼
                 if (SendMessage(checkboxFish, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
                     GetWindowText(checkboxFish, szBufTmp, 10);
                     StringCchPrintf(szBufPet, 20, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                 }
                 //是否选中其他
                 if (SendMessage(checkboxOther, BM_GETCHECK, 0, 0) == BST_CHECKED) {
                     GetWindowText(checkboxOther, szBufTmp, 10);
                     StringCchPrintf(szBufPet, 20, TEXT("%s  %s"), szBufPet, szBufTmp);
                 }
                 break;
                 //点击提交按钮
             case 13:
                 StringCchPrintf(szBufSubmit,100, TEXT("性别:%s\n婚姻状况:%s\r\n你的宠物:%s"), szBufSex, szBufMarriage, szBufPet);
                 MessageBox(hWnd, szBufSubmit, TEXT("信息提示"), MB_ICONINFORMATION);
                 break;
             default:
                 return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
             }
         }
         return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    case WM_PAINT:
        hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        // TODO:  在此添加任意绘图代码...
        EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
        break;
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    default:
        return DefWindowProc(hWnd, message, wParam, lParam);
    }
    return 0;
}

在这里插入图片描述

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