什么是Hill密码
Hill2指的是n=2时,即加密矩阵为2 × 2,明文转为2维向量时候的加密。是Hill最简单的情况。
举个例子:
加密过程:
加密:密文向量 = 明文向量 * 密钥矩阵 (mod 26)
先将明文串对应英文字母编码表进行数字转化:
4 0 18 19 2 7 8 13 0 13 14 17 12 0 11 20 13 8 21 4 17 18 8 19 24
然后两两一组写成矩阵形式:
发现少了一个,所以在最后做补0处理(即补字符a)
加密的过程就是矩阵乘法,前行乘后列,记得膜26(不膜会乱码!!)
得到密文矩阵后,按照分组对应的向量转成字母
ikbxnbdhnnjdyesrobkbujhlw
解密过程:
using System; using System.Windows.Forms; namespace 古典加密系列 { public partial class Form5 : Form { public Form5() { InitializeComponent(); } //数学函数,快速幂,逆元,公约数 //public static int pows(int a, int x, int p) { if (x == 0) return 1; int t = pows(a, x >> 1, p); if (x % 2 == 0) return t * t % p; return t * t % p * a % p; } //public static int inv(int x, int p) { return pows(x, p - 2, p); } public static void EXGCD(int a, int b, ref int d, ref int x, ref int y, int MOD) { if (b==0) { d = a; x = 1; y = 0; } else { EXGCD(b, a % b,ref d,ref y,ref x, MOD); y -= x * (a / b); } } public static int inv(int a, int MOD) { int d=0, x=0, y=0; EXGCD(a, MOD, ref d, ref x, ref y, MOD); return d == 1 ? (x + MOD) % MOD : -1; } public static int gcd(int a, int b) { return b == 0 ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } //字符串函数,判断是否只由字母组成,字符串大写转小写 public static bool check(string str) { bool ok = true; for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++) { if (str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') continue; if (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z') continue; ok = false; break; } return ok; } public static string xiaoxie(string str) { string res = ""; for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++) { if (str[i] >= 'a' && str[i] <= 'z') res = res + str[i]; if (str[i] >= 'A' && str[i] <= 'Z') res = res + Convert.ToChar(str[i] + ('a' - 'A')); } return res; } //2阶Hill密码,加密和解密 public static string jiami(string plaintext, string key) { key = xiaoxie(key); plaintext = xiaoxie(plaintext); int[,] A = new int[2, 2]{ {key[0]-'a', key[2]-'a'}, {key[1]-'a', key[3]-'a'} }; int t = A[1, 1] * A[0, 0] - A[1, 0] * A[0, 1]; t = (t % 26 + 26) % 26; if (gcd(t, 26) != 1) { MessageBox.Show("矩阵的行列式和26需要互质,否则没有逆矩阵"); return ""; } //两个字母组成向量进行加密,不够就补0 int flag = 0; if (plaintext.Length % 2 == 1) { flag = 1; plaintext = plaintext + 'a'; } //两两一组写成矩阵形式 int[,] X = new int[2, plaintext.Length / 2]; int cnt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < plaintext.Length; i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) X[0, cnt] = plaintext[i] - 'a'; else { X[1, cnt] = plaintext[i] - 'a'; cnt++; } } //矩阵乘法 int[,] Y = new int[2, plaintext.Length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < plaintext.Length / 2; j++) { int tmp = 0; for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) { tmp += A[i, k] * X[k, j]; } Y[i, j] = tmp%26; } } string res = ""; for (int i = 0; i < plaintext.Length / 2; i++) { char ch = (char)(Y[0, i]+'a'); res = res + ch; ch = (char)(Y[1, i]+'a'); res = res + ch; } if(flag == 1) { res = res.Substring(0, res.Length - 1); } return res; } public static string jiemi(string plaintext, string key) { key = xiaoxie(key); plaintext = xiaoxie(plaintext); //逆矩阵 int a = key[0] - 'a', b = key[2] - 'a', c = key[1] - 'a', d = key[3] - 'a'; int t = ((a * d - b * c) % 26+26)%26; if (gcd(t, 26) != 1) { MessageBox.Show("矩阵的行列式和26需要互质,否则没有逆矩阵"); return ""; } t = inv(t,26)%26; int aa = d * t % 26, bb = (-b * t % 26 + 26) % 26, cc = (-c * t % 26 + 26) % 26, dd = a * t % 26; int[,] A = new int[2, 2]{ {aa,bb }, {cc,dd } }; //两个字母组成向量进行解密,不够就补0 int flag = 0; if (plaintext.Length % 2 == 1) { flag = 1; plaintext = plaintext + 'a'; } //两两一组写成矩阵形式 int[,] X = new int[2, plaintext.Length / 2]; int cnt = 0; for (int i = 0; i < plaintext.Length; i++) { if (i % 2 == 0) X[0, cnt] = plaintext[i] - 'a'; else { X[1, cnt] = plaintext[i] - 'a'; cnt++; } } //矩阵乘法 int[,] Y = new int[2, plaintext.Length / 2]; for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) { for (int j = 0; j < plaintext.Length / 2; j++) { int tmp = 0; for (int k = 0; k < 2; k++) { tmp += A[i, k] * X[k, j]; } Y[i, j] = tmp % 26; } } string res = ""; for (int i = 0; i < plaintext.Length / 2; i++) { char ch = (char)(Y[0, i] + 'a'); res = res + ch; ch = (char)(Y[1, i] + 'a'); res = res + ch; } if (flag == 1) { res = res.Substring(0, res.Length - 1); } return res; } //GUI按钮 private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string key = textBox3.Text; if (key.Length != 4 || check(key) == false) { MessageBox.Show("密钥输入错误,请重新输入密钥"); return; } string plaintext = textBox1.Text; if (check(plaintext) == false) { MessageBox.Show("明文输入错误,请重新输入明文"); return; } string ciphertext = jiami(plaintext, key); textBox2.Text = ciphertext; } private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) { string key = textBox3.Text; if (key.Length != 4 || check(key) == false) { MessageBox.Show("密钥输入错误,请重新输入密钥"); return; } string plaintext = textBox2.Text; if (check(plaintext) == false) { MessageBox.Show("明文输入错误,请重新输入明文"); return; } string ciphertext = jiemi(plaintext, key); textBox1.Text = ciphertext; } } }