原文网址:swagger--使用/教程/实例/配置_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客
说明
本文用实例介绍Swagger的使用。
Swagger是很常用的接口文档工具,在类和方法上加个注解,就可以在网页端查看接口信息了。
Swagger界面不是很精致,有新的框架已经出现(knife4j),它是基于Swagger,对前端页面进行了美化,其他都没变:配置方法没变,还是使用Swagger的原来的注解。Knife4j的使用方法见:knife4j--使用/教程/实例/配置_IT利刃出鞘的博客-CSDN博客
官网
GitHub - SpringForAll/spring-boot-starter-swagger(github:有详细教程)
引入官方依赖
<dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency>
第一个是API获取的包,第二是官方给出的一个ui界面。这个界面可以自定义,默认是官方的,对于安全问题,以及ui路由设置需要着重思考。
主类启用swagger
package com.example.demo; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2; @SpringBootApplication @EnableSwagger2 public class DemoSpringBootApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoSpringBootApplication.class, args); } }
配置swagger
Swagger2Config.java
一定注意“RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage”要填写正确
package com.example.demo.conf; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder; import springfox.documentation.builders.ParameterBuilder; import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors; import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors; import springfox.documentation.schema.ModelRef; import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo; import springfox.documentation.service.Contact; import springfox.documentation.service.Parameter; import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType; import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket; import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Configuration public class Swagger2Config { private boolean swaggerShow = true; @Bean public Docket createRestApi() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .enable(swaggerShow) .groupName("demo.controller1(groupName)") //.globalOperationParameters(getTocken()) .apiInfo(apiInfo()) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.demo.controller")) .paths(PathSelectors.any()) .build(); } // 可以为多个包添加接口说明。(@Bean的方法名是任意的) // 实际开发中,groupName与RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage应一一对应。(本处为简洁用了同一个) @Bean public Docket createRestApi2() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) .enable(swaggerShow) .groupName("demo.controller2(groupName)") //.globalOperationParameters(getTocken()) .apiInfo(apiInfo()) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.example.demo.controller")) .paths(PathSelectors.any()) .build(); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { return new ApiInfoBuilder() .title("Swagger的Demo(title)") .description("Swagger的Demo(description)") //下边这行可以直接注释掉 .termsOfServiceUrl("https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/") .contact(new Contact("xxx公司", "https://blog.csdn.net/feiying0canglang/", "abcd@qq.com")) .version("Swagger的Demo(version)") .build(); } // public List getTocken() { // List<Parameter> list = new ArrayList<>(); // ParameterBuilder tocken = new ParameterBuilder() // .name("token") // .description("认证信息") // .modelRef(new ModelRef("string")) // .parameterType("header") // //这里写token值 // .defaultValue("xxxxxx") // .required(true); // list.add(tocken.build()); // // return list; // } }
如上代码所示,
其他网址
https://github.com/SpringForAll/spring-boot-starter-swagger
引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.spring4all</groupId> <artifactId>swagger-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.9.0.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
启用
在应用主类中增加@EnableSwagger2Doc注解
@EnableSwagger2Doc @SpringBootApplication public class DemoApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args); } }
默认情况下就能产生所有当前Spring MVC加载的请求映射文档。
配置示例
swagger.enabled=true swagger.title=spring-boot-starter-swagger swagger.description=Starter for swagger 2.x swagger.version=1.4.0.RELEASE swagger.license=Apache License, Version 2.0 swagger.licenseUrl=https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html swagger.termsOfServiceUrl=https://github.com/dyc87112/spring-boot-starter-swagger swagger.contact.name=didi swagger.contact.url=http://blog.didispace.com swagger.contact.email=dyc87112@qq.com swagger.base-package=com.didispace swagger.base-path=/** swagger.exclude-path=/error, /ops/** swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].name=name one swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].description=some description one swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].modelRef=string swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].parameterType=header swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].required=true swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].name=name two swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].description=some description two swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].modelRef=string swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].parameterType=body swagger.globalOperationParameters[1].required=false // 取消使用默认预定义的响应消息,并使用自定义响应消息 swagger.apply-default-response-messages=false swagger.global-response-message.get[0].code=401 swagger.global-response-message.get[0].message=401get swagger.global-response-message.get[1].code=500 swagger.global-response-message.get[1].message=500get swagger.global-response-message.get[1].modelRef=ERROR swagger.global-response-message.post[0].code=500 swagger.global-response-message.post[0].message=500post swagger.global-response-message.post[0].modelRef=ERROR
配置说明
默认配置:
- swagger.enabled=是否启用swagger,默认:true - swagger.title=标题 - swagger.description=描述 - swagger.version=版本 - swagger.license=许可证 - swagger.licenseUrl=许可证URL - swagger.termsOfServiceUrl=服务条款URL - swagger.contact.name=维护人 - swagger.contact.url=维护人URL - swagger.contact.email=维护人email - swagger.base-package=swagger扫描的基础包,默认:全扫描 - swagger.base-path=需要处理的基础URL规则,默认:/** - swagger.exclude-path=需要排除的URL规则,默认:空 - swagger.host=文档的host信息,默认:空 - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].name=参数名 - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].description=描述信息 - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].modelRef=指定参数类型 - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].parameterType=指定参数存放位置,可选header,query,path,body.form - swagger.globalOperationParameters[0].required=指定参数是否必传,true,false
Controller的方法不是很多,但很多方法都要用@ApiImplicitParam进行注解。如果方法增多,而大部分方法都是与User类有关的,那么有没有什么办法优化呢?
答案是:有。可把User类以及其字段进行注解,这样在Controller中就不用对大部分方法使用@ApiImplicitParam了。
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.bean.User; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.*; //不写则默认为:"user-controller"。只写tags即可,页面上显示的是tags的值。 //@Api(tags = "用户控制器") @Api( tags = {"用户控制器a(tags)", "用户控制器b(tags)"}, value = "用户管理控制器(value)", ) @RestController @RequestMapping(value="/users") // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下,可去除 public class UserController { static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>()); @ApiOperation("获取用户列表") @RequestMapping(value={""}, method=RequestMethod.GET) public List<User> getUserList() { List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values()); return r; } @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataTypeClass = User.class) @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) { users.put(user.getId(), user); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class) @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { return users.get(id); } @ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id指定更新对象,并根据传来的user信息更新用户详细信息") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataTypeClass = User.class) }) @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { User u = users.get(id); u.setName(user.getName()); u.setAge(user.getAge()); users.put(id, u); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象") @ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataTypeClass = Long.class) @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method= RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { users.remove(id); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除所有用户", notes="") @RequestMapping(value="", method= RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteAllUser() { users.clear(); return "success"; } }
UserController.java
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.bean.User; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import java.util.*; //不写,默认名字为:"user controller"。一般只写tags就够了。 @Api( value = "用户管理控制器(value)", tags = {"用户控制器a(tags)", "用户控制器b(tags)"}, //tags = "用户控制器" ) //@Api(tags = "用户控制器") @RestController @RequestMapping(value="/users") // 通过这里配置使下面的映射都在/users下,可去除 public class UserController { static Map<Long, User> users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap<Long, User>()); @ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="") @RequestMapping(value={""}, method=RequestMethod.GET) public List<User> getUserList() { List<User> r = new ArrayList<User>(users.values()); return r; } @ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户") @RequestMapping(value="", method=RequestMethod.POST) public String postUser(@RequestBody User user) { users.put(user.getId(), user); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.GET) public User getUser(@PathVariable Long id) { return users.get(id); } @ApiOperation(value="更新用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id指定更新对象,并根据传来的user信息更新用户详细信息") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method=RequestMethod.PUT) public String putUser(@PathVariable Long id, @RequestBody User user) { User u = users.get(id); u.setName(user.getName()); u.setAge(user.getAge()); users.put(id, u); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除对象") @RequestMapping(value="/{id}", method= RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteUser(@PathVariable Long id) { users.remove(id); return "success"; } @ApiOperation(value="删除所有用户", notes="") @RequestMapping(value="", method= RequestMethod.DELETE) public String deleteAllUser() { users.clear(); return "success"; } }
User.java
package com.example.demo.bean; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Data @ApiModel(value = "用户详细实体user(value)", description = "用户id,名字,年龄(description)") public class User { //一般这样即可:@ApiModelProperty("用户ID(value)") @ApiModelProperty(name = "id(name)", value = "用户ID(value)", required = true, dataType = "Long") private Long id; private String name; private Long age; }
运行项目。成功后访问:http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
可得到此页面
点击“Terms of service”:可以跳转到我们指定的网址,本处是“IT利刃出鞘的博客_CSDN博客”
点击“用户控制器a(tags)”:可以查看接口
点击“http://localhost/v2/api-docs?group=demo.controller1(groupName)”:
可以得到下边内容
(我用的是火狐浏览器,它自动解析JSON,若是360极速浏览器则没这个效果)
Swagger不仅可以提供接口查看,还可以直接测试。
接上文。点击“创建用户”
点击“Try it out”
点击完之后出现以下界面。箭头所指的数字和字符串等是可以更改的,本处进行修改。改完后点击最下方“Execute”
即出现成功响应
同样的操作,操作“获取用户列表” ,结果如下
上传文件
错误写法
@PostMapping(value = "/upload-image") @ApiOperation(value = "图片上传", notes = "图片上传") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "deviceId", value = "deviceId", required = true, dataType = "String"), @ApiImplicitParam(name = "attach", value = "上传文件", required = true, dataType = "File"), }) public JsonResult imageUpload(String deviceId, MultipartFile file) { }
正确写法
@PostMapping(value = "/upload-image", headers="content-type=multipart/form-data") @ApiOperation(value = "图片上传", notes = "图片上传") @ApiImplicitParams({ @ApiImplicitParam(name = "deviceId", value = "deviceId", required = true, dataType = "String") }) public JsonResult imageUpload(String deviceId, @ApiParam(name = "attach", value = "上传文件", required = true) MultipartFile file) { }
当然,如果与前端已经约定了用form-data,则无需添加: headers="content-type=multipart/form-data"
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