一、Queue模块中的常用方法:

Python的Queue模块中提供了同步的、线程安全的队列类，包括FIFO（先入先出)队列Queue，LIFO（后入先出）队列LifoQueue，和优先级队列PriorityQueue。这些队列都实现了锁原语，能够在多线程中直接使用。可以使用队列来实现线程间的同步

• Queue.qsize() 返回队列的大小

• Queue.empty() 如果队列为空，返回True,反之False

• Queue.full() 如果队列满了，返回True,反之False

• Queue.full 与 maxsize 大小对应

• Queue.get([block[, timeout]])获取队列，timeout等待时间

• Queue.get_nowait() 相当Queue.get(False)

• Queue.put(item) 写入队列，timeout等待时间

• Queue.put_nowait(item) 相当Queue.put(item, False)

• Queue.task_done() 在完成一项工作之后，Queue.task_done()函数向任务已经完成的队列发送一个信号

• Queue.join() 实际上意味着等到队列为空，再执行别的操作

二、类包装

from queue import Queue
from time import sleep
from threading import Thread

class Mythread(Thread):
    def __init__(self,queue_url):
        # 初始化父类
        Thread.__init__(self)
        self.queue_url = queue_url
    def run(self):
        while not self.queue_url.empty():
            i = self.queue_url.get()
            print(i)
            sleep(3)


if __name__=='__main__':
    url_queue=Queue()
    for i in range(1,11):
        url_queue.put(i)
    for i in range(4):
        t=Mythread(url_queue)
        t.start()

三、函数包装 

from queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
from time import sleep
def spider(url_queue):
    while not url_queue.empty():
        url=url_queue.get()
        print(url)
        sleep(3)



if __name__=='__main__':
    url_queue=Queue()
    for i in range(1,11):
        url_queue.put(i)
    for i in range(4):
        t = Thread(target=spider,args=(url_queue,))
        t.start()

案例

import requests
from lxml import etree
from queue import Queue
from threading import Thread
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
import os


# def get_headers():
#     base_path = os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__))
#     locations = os.path.join(base_path,'fakeuseragent.json/fake_useragent_0.1.11.json')
#     ua = UserAgent(path=locations)
#     return ua.random

class Spider(Thread):
    def __init__(self,queue_url):
        Thread.__init__(self)      # 初始化父类
        self.queue_url = queue_url
    def run(self):
        while not self.queue_url.empty():
            url = self.queue_url.get()
            print(url)
            headers = { 'User-Agent':'aaaaa'}
            reps = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
            e = etree.HTML(reps.text)
            contents = [div.xpath('string(.)').strip() for div in e.xpath('//div[@class="content"]')]
            with open('duanzi.txt','a',encoding='utf-8') as f:
                for content in contents:
                    f.write(content + '/n')
                f.close()
if __name__=='__main__':
    base_url='https://www.qiushibaike.com/text/page/{}/'
    queue_url = Queue()
    for num in range(1,6):
        queue_url.put(base_url.format(num))
    # 创建线程
    for num in range(3):
        s = Spider(queue_url)
        s.start()