mysql常见的collate出现在字符串字段的设置和表的设计中,例:COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci
CREATE TABLE `play` ( `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, `name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL, `age` int(11) DEFAULT '0', `mobile` varchar(11) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL, PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
charset设置字符串编码集,常用的utf8,mysql遗留问题utf8最存储3字节的大小,4字节的文字无法存储,需要utf8mb4
collate和charset关联,定义了字符串的排序规则,如utf8mb4_general_ci是和utf8mb4对应的排序规则,ci为Case Insensitive,
即大小写不敏感,对应cs为Case Sensitive,即大小写敏感
数据库中涉及排序和比较的地方都会受到collate影响
查看数据库的所有charset和collate
show charset;
show COLLATION;
可以在实例、库、表、字段和SQL语句级别指定collate
库级别
CREATE DATABASE <db_name> DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci;
表级别和字段
CREATE TABLE tablename ( `name` varchar(20) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci DEFAULT NULL, ... ... ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_general_ci;
SQL语句级别
SELECT DISTINCT field1 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci FROM table1; SELECT field1, field2 FROM table1 ORDER BY field1 COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci; select * from table1,table2 where table1.field = table2.field
公司项目经过多人的维护后,规范不够严格,不同表同一字段,创建的数据库表指定字符串排序规则为
utf8mb4_general_ci和utf8mb4_unicode_ci两种,导致关联无法比较
-- 错误 SELECT a.mobile from play a INNER JOIN user_t b ON a.mobile = b.mobile > 1267 - Illegal mix of collations (utf8mb4_general_ci,IMPLICIT) and (utf8mb4_unicode_ci,IMPLICIT) for operation '=' > 时间: 0.003s --正确 SELECT a.mobile from play a INNER JOIN user_t b ON a.mobile = b.mobile COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci a INNER JOIN user_t b ON a.mobile = b.mobile COLLATE utf8mb4_general_ci