前面mysql都是通过静态sql进行查询的,但是如果业务复杂的时候,我们会遇到引号问题,或者多一个空格,这就使得sql代码编写错误了,所以为了解决这个问题,我们有了动态sql。
Mybatis框架的动态SQL技术是一种根据特定条件动态拼装SQL语句的功能,它存在的意义是为了解决拼接SQL语句字符串时的痛点问题。具体是通过标签来实现的。
package pojo; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; @Data @AllArgsConstructor @NoArgsConstructor public class Employee { private Integer empId; private String empName; private Double empSalary; }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>day03-mybatis02-dynamic</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>jar</packaging> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.8</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!-- Mybatis核心 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>3.5.7</version> </dependency> <!-- junit测试 --> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- MySQL驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>5.1.3</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!-- log4j日志 --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd"> <configuration> <!--驼峰映射--> <settings> <setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true"/> </settings> <!--类型别名映射--> <typeAliases> <package name="pojo"/> </typeAliases> <!--环境配置--> <environments default="dev"> <environment id="dev"> <transactionManager type="JDBC"></transactionManager> <dataSource type="POOLED"> <property name="username" value="root"/> <property name="password" value="888888"/> <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis-example"/> <property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/> </dataSource> </environment> </environments> <!--路径映射--> <mappers> <mapper resource="mapper/sql.xml"/> <package name="mapper"/> </mappers> </configuration>
注意: 这里有驼峰映射,别名映射,路径映射和路径映射。和以前的不同的是,我们这里做了sql语句的共性抽取,所以得加一个sql的路径映射 <mapper resource="mapper/sql.xml"/>
。
<include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include>
。<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> <!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd"> <mapper namespace="mapper.sql"> <sql id="mySelectSql"> select emp_id,emp_name,emp_salary from t_emp </sql> </mapper>
共性抽取文件也可以不配置,这时候直接在映射文件中把要执行的语句重新编写就行了。
package mapper; import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param; import pojo.Employee; import java.util.List; public interface EmployeeMapper { //根据员工的empId查询大于该empId的所有员工,如果empId为null,则查询全体员工 List<Employee> selectEmployeeListByEmpId(Integer empId); /** * 查询大于传入的empId并且工资大于传入的empSalary的员工集合,如果传入的empId为null,则不考虑empId条件 * 传入的empSalary为null则不考虑empSalary的条件 */ List<Employee> selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary(@Param("empId") Integer empId, @Param("empSalary") Double empSalary); /** * 根据empId更新员工信息,如果某个值为null,则不更新这个字段 */ void updateEmployee(Employee employee); /** * 根据emp_id查询员工信息,如果0<emp_id<6,那么就查询所有大于该emp_id的员工,如果emp_id是大于6,那么就查询所有小于该emp_id的员工 * 如果是其它情况,则查询所有员工信息 */ List<Employee> selectEmployeeList(Integer empId); /** * 添加员工信息 */ void insertEmployee(Employee employee); /** * 批量添加员工集合 */ void insertEmployeeList(@Param("employeeList") List<Employee> employeeList); /** * 根据员工的id集合查询员工集 */ List<Employee> selectEmployeeListByEmpIdList(List<Integer> idList); }
目标:根据员工的empId查询大于该empId的所有员工,如果empId为null,则查询全体员工。
Dao接口的方法为:
List<Employee> selectEmployeeListByEmpId(Integer empId);
静态sql:
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpId" resultType="Employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> where emp_id>#{empId} </select>
动态sql:
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpId" resultType="Employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> <if test="empId != null"> where emp_id>#{empId} </if> </select>
<include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include>
表示引用抽取出的sql片段,也可以直接写sql语句。如果是静态sql,当id为null时,查询出来的是空,动态sql则可以查出全部。if标签里面有test属性名,作为判断语句。
目标:
Dao接口方法:
List<Employee> selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary(@Param("empId") Integer empId, @Param("empSalary") Double empSalary);
用if标签的动态sql:
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary" resultType="Employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> where <if test="empId != null"> emp_id>#{empId} </if> <if test="empSalary != null"> and emp_salary>#{empSalary} </if>
这里可以看到,如果empSalary为空,那么sql语句为select * from t_emp where emp_id >#{empId},但是如果empId为空,那么sql语句为select * from t_emp where and emp_salary>#{empSalary},很明显这个是错的,if标签在这里就不适用了。所以我们用where标签,或者trim标签。
where和if的动态sql:
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary" resultType="Employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> <where> <if test="empId != null"> emp_id>#{empId} </if> <if test="empSalary != null"> and emp_salary>#{empSalary} </if> </where> </select>
where标签的作用:
- 在第一个条件之前自动添加WHERE关键字
- 自动去掉第一个条件前的连接符(AND、OR等等)
trim是修建的意思,其实就是去头去尾,这里还是根据上面那个方法
trim的动态sql
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary" resultType="Employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> <trim prefix="WHERE" prefixOverrides="AND|OR"> <if test="empId != null"> emp_id>#{empId} </if> <if test="empSalary != null"> AND emp_salary>#{empSalary} </if> </trim> </select>
trim标签:
- prefix:指定要动态添加的前缀
- suffix属性:指定要动态添加的后缀
- prefixOverrides:指定要动态去掉的前缀,使用“|”分隔有可能的多个值
- suffixOverrides属性:指定要动态去掉的后缀,使用“|”分隔有可能的多个值
目标:根据empId更新员工信息,如果某个值为null,则不更新这个字段
Dao接口方法:
void updateEmployee(Employee employee);
我们先用上面的trim标签来解决一下这个问题,
trim的动态sql:
<update id="updateEmployee" > <trim prefix="set" prefixOverrides=","> <if test="empName!=null"> emp_name=#{empName} </if> <if test="empSalary!=null"> , emp_salary=#{empSalary} </if> </trim> where emp_id=#{empId} </update>
set的动态sql
<update id="updateEmployee" > update t_emp <set > <if test="empName!=null"> emp_name=#{empName} </if> <if test="empSalary!=null"> , emp_salary=#{empSalary} </if> </set>
可以看出
set标签的作用:
- 自动在要修改的第一个字段之前添加SET关键字
- 去掉要修改的第一个字段前的连接符(,)
目标:
Dao接口方法:
List<Employee> selectEmployeeList(Integer empId);
动态sql
<select id="selectEmployeeList" resultType="employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> where <choose> <!--<是<号的转义字符--> <when test="empId>0 and empId<6"> emp_id>#{empId} </when> <when test="empId>6"> emp_id<#{empId} </when> <otherwise> 1==1 </otherwise> </choose> </select>
choose、when、otherwise
相当于if ... else if... else if ... else
目标1:批量添加员工信息
Dao接口方法:
void insertEmployeeList(@Param("employeeList") List
employeeList);
动态sql
<insert id="insertEmployeeList"> insert into t_emp(emp_name,emp_salary)values <!--collection标签可以写list,collection, 或者自己自己定义参数名@Param("employeeList") List<Employee> employeeList--> <foreach collection="employeeList" separator="," item="emp"> (#{emp.empName},#{emp.empSalary}) </foreach> </insert>
目标2:根据多个id查询多个员工信息
Dao接口
List
selectEmployeeListByEmpIdList(List idList);
动态sql
<select id="selectEmployeeListByEmpIdList" resultType="employee"> <include refid="mapper.sql.mySelectSql"></include> <foreach collection="collection" item="id" separator="," open="where emp_id in (" close=")"> #{id} </foreach> </select>
批量查询:foreach标签
import mapper.EmployeeMapper; import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory; import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder; import org.junit.After; import org.junit.Before; import pojo.Employee; import java.io.InputStream; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; public class Test { private EmployeeMapper employeeMapper; private InputStream is; private SqlSession sqlSession; @Before public void init() throws Exception{ //目标:获取EmployeeMapper接口的代理对象,并且使用该对象调用selectEmployee(1)方法,然后返回Employee对象 //1. 将全局配置文件转成字节输入流 is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("mybatisConfig.xml"); //2. 创建SqlSessionFactoryBuilder对象 SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder(); //3. 使用构建者模式创建SqlSessionFactory对象 SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is); //4. 使用工厂模式创建一个SqlSession对象 sqlSession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession(); //5. 使用动态代理模式,创建EmployeeMapper接口的代理对象 employeeMapper = sqlSession.getMapper(EmployeeMapper.class); } @After public void after() throws Exception{ //提交事务!!! sqlSession.commit(); //7. 关闭资源 is.close(); sqlSession.close(); } @org.junit.Test public void testSelectEmployeeListByEmpId(){ System.out.println(employeeMapper.selectEmployeeListByEmpId(null)); } @org.junit.Test public void testSelectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary(){ System.out.println(employeeMapper.selectEmployeeListByEmpIdAndEmpSalary(2, 300d)); } @org.junit.Test public void testUpdateEmployee(){ Employee employee = new Employee(3,"celia", 9000d); employeeMapper.updateEmployee(employee); } @org.junit.Test public void testSelectEmployeeList(){ System.out.println(employeeMapper.selectEmployeeList(7)); } @org.junit.Test public void testInsertEmployee(){ employeeMapper.insertEmployee(new Employee(null,"tom",300d)); } @org.junit.Test public void testInsertEmployeeList(){ List<Employee> employeeList = new ArrayList<>(); for (int i = 11; i <=20 ; i++) { employeeList.add(new Employee(null,"aobama"+i,2000d)); } employeeMapper.insertEmployeeList(employeeList); } @org.junit.Test public void testSelectEmployeeListByEmpIdList(){ List<Integer> idList = new ArrayList<>(); idList.add(23); idList.add(33); idList.add(32); idList.add(21); idList.add(22); System.out.println(employeeMapper.selectEmployeeListByEmpIdList(idList)); } }