最近公司新入职了几个妹子,其中有一个妹子不停的追着我问各种问题。这次又来问我关于线程通信相关的问题。线程之间的通信以及线程之间的协作方面的面试,通常是考验一个Java程序员多线程方面的基本功。为了让妹子搞清楚线程之间的通信那些事儿,我用了8种方法!
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妹子们面试的时候是否都遇到过交替打印数字字母的面试题。下面我们以交替打印12A34B...来说明线程间通信的几种方式.
分别是
- 使用synchronized,wait,notify,notifyAll
- Lock,Condition
- LockSupport
- 使用volatile关键字
- AtomicInteger
- 利用 Piped Stream
- 使用CyclicBarrier
- 利用BlockingQueue
### 1 使用synchronized,wait,notify,notifyAll
使用synchronized 等方法来控制共享变量,完成交替打印。
思路:
1. 在同步方法中先判断信号量,如果不是当前需要的信号使用wait()阻塞线程。
2. 完成打印之后切换信号变量。再唤醒所有线程。
```java
public class ThreadSignaling2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
NorthPrint print = new NorthPrint(new NorthSignal());
ThreadA threadA = new ThreadA(print);
ThreadB threadB = new ThreadB(print);
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
}
public static class ThreadA extends Thread {
private NorthPrint print;
public ThreadA(NorthPrint print) {
this.print = print;
}
@Override
public void run() {
print.printNumber();
}
}
public static class ThreadB extends Thread {
private NorthPrint print;
public ThreadB(NorthPrint print) {
this.print = print;
}
@Override
public void run() {
print.printChar();
}
}
}
public class NorthSignal {
protected boolean hasDataToProcess = false;
public synchronized boolean hasDataToProcess(){
return this.hasDataToProcess;
}
public synchronized void setHasDataToProcess(boolean hasData){
this.hasDataToProcess = hasData;
}
}
public class NorthPrint {
private NorthSignal signal;
public NorthPrint(NorthSignal signal) {
this.signal = signal;
}
public synchronized void printNumber() {
try {
for (int i = 1; i <= 26; ) {
if (signal.hasDataToProcess()) {
wait();
}else {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
signal.setHasDataToProcess(true);
i++;
notifyAll();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public synchronized void printChar() {
try {
for (int i = 'A'; i <= 'Z'; ) {
if (!signal.hasDataToProcess()) {
wait();
}else {
System.out.print((char)i);
signal.setHasDataToProcess(false);
i++;
notifyAll();
}
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
```
### 2 Lock,Condition
通过使用Lock,Condition的signal() 和 await()来进行换新阻塞交替打印。
```java
public class ThreadSignalingReentrant {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition1 = lock.newCondition();
Condition condition2 = lock.newCondition();
new Thread(() -> {
try{
lock.lock();
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
condition2.signal();
condition1.await();
}
condition2.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}).start();
new Thread(() -> {
try{
lock.lock();
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z') {
System.out.print(i);
i++;
condition1.signal();
condition2.await();
}
condition1.signal();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}).start();
}
}
```
### 3 LockSupport
LockSupport 用来创建锁和其他同步类的基本线程阻塞。当调用LockSupport.park时,表示当前线程将会等待,直至获得许可,当调用LockSupport.unpark时,必须把等待获得许可的线程作为参数进行传递,好让此线程继续运行。
其中:
- park函数,阻塞线程,并且该线程在下列情况发生之前都会被阻塞: ① 调用unpark函数,释放该线程的许可。② 该线程被中断。③ 设置的时间到了。并且,当time为绝对时间时,isAbsolute为true,否则,isAbsolute为false。当time为0时,表示无限等待,直到unpark发生。
- unpark函数,释放线程的许可,即激活调用park后阻塞的线程。这个函数不是安全的,调用这个函数时要确保线程依旧存活。
```java
public class ThreadSignalingLockSupport {
private static Thread threadA = null;
private static Thread threadB = null;
public static void main(String[] args) {
threadA = new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
LockSupport.unpark(threadB);
LockSupport.park();
}
});
threadB = new Thread(() -> {
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z') {
LockSupport.park();
System.out.print(i);
i++;
LockSupport.unpark(threadA);
}
});
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
}
}
```
### 4 volatile
根据volatile修饰的对象在JVM内存中的可见性,完成交替打印
```java
public class ThreadSignalingVolatile {
enum ThreadRunFlag{PRINT_NUM, PRINT_CHAR}
private volatile static ThreadRunFlag threadRunFlag = ThreadRunFlag.PRINT_NUM;
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
while(threadRunFlag == ThreadRunFlag.PRINT_CHAR){}
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
threadRunFlag = ThreadRunFlag.PRINT_CHAR;
}
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
while (threadRunFlag == ThreadRunFlag.PRINT_NUM){}
System.out.print(i);
i++;
threadRunFlag = ThreadRunFlag.PRINT_NUM;
}
}).start();
}
}
```
### 5 AtomicInteger
同样利用了AtomicInteger的并发特性,来完成交替打印。
```java
public class AtomicIntegerSignal {
private static AtomicInteger threadSignal = new AtomicInteger(1);
public static void main(String[] args) {
new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
while(threadSignal.get() == 2){}
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
threadSignal.set(2);
}
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
while (threadSignal.get() == 1){}
System.out.print(i);
i++;
threadSignal.set(1);
}
}).start();
}
}
```
### 6 利用 Piped Stream
使用Stream中的Piped Stream分别控制输出,但是其运行速度极慢。
```java
public class ThreadSignalPipedStream {
private final PipedInputStream inputStream1;
private final PipedOutputStream outputStream1;
private final PipedInputStream inputStream2;
private final PipedOutputStream outputStream2;
private final byte[] MSG;
public ThreadSignalPipedStream() {
inputStream1 = new PipedInputStream();
outputStream1 = new PipedOutputStream();
inputStream2 = new PipedInputStream();
outputStream2 = new PipedOutputStream();
MSG = "Go".getBytes();
try {
inputStream1.connect(outputStream2);
inputStream2.connect(outputStream1);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadSignalPipedStream signal = new ThreadSignalPipedStream();
signal.threadA().start();
signal.threadB().start();
}
public Thread threadA (){
final String[] inputArr = new String[2];
return new Thread() {
String[] arr = inputArr;
PipedInputStream in1 = inputStream1;
PipedOutputStream out1 = outputStream1;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
try {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
out1.write(MSG);
byte[] inArr = new byte[2];
in1.read(inArr);
while(!"Go".equals(new String(inArr))){ }
i++;
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
}
public Thread threadB (){
final String[] inputArr = new String[2];
return new Thread() {
private String[] arr = inputArr;
private PipedInputStream in2 = inputStream2;
private PipedOutputStream out2 = outputStream2;
@Override
public void run() {
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
try {
byte[] inArr = new byte[2];
in2.read(inArr);
while(!"Go".equals(new String(inArr))){ }
System.out.print(i);
i++;
out2.write(MSG);
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
};
}
}
```
### 7 利用BlockingQueue
BlockingQueue 通常用于一个线程生产对象,另外一个线程消费这些对象的场景。
![img](https://www.www.zyiz.net/i/ll/?i=img_convert/dd30b57fbcca5cff1dd640286760d812.png)
一个线程负责往里面放,另一个线程从里面取一个BlockingQueue。
线程可以持续将新对象插入到队列之中,直到队列达到可容纳的临界点。当队列到达临界点之后,线程生产者会在插入对象是进入阻塞状态,直到有另外一个线程从队列中拿走一个对象。消费线程会不停的从队列中拿出对象。如果消费线程从一个空的队列中获取对象的话,那么消费线程会处阻塞状态,直到一个生产线程把对象丢进队列。
BlockingQueue常用方法如下:
[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-5FCeX5sH-1632065079886)(http://www.javanorth.cn/assets/images/2021/multiThread/BlockingQueuMethod.png)]
那么我们使用一个LinkedBlockingQueue来完成开始出现的题目
方法中我们使用offer,peek,poll这几个方法来完成。
```java
public class ThreadSignalBlockingQueue {
private static LinkedBlockingQueue<String> queue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
queue.offer("printChar");
while(!"printNumber".equals(queue.peek())){}
queue.poll();
}
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
while(!"printChar".equals(queue.peek())){}
queue.poll();
System.out.print(i);
i++;
queue.offer("printNumber");
}
}).start();
}
}
```
我们也可以使用两个LinkedBlockinQueue来完成,分别使用带阻塞的put,take来完成。代码如下
```java
public class ThreadSignalBlockingQueue2 {
private static LinkedBlockingQueue<String> queue1 = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
private static LinkedBlockingQueue<String> queue2 = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
System.out.print(i * 2 - 1);
System.out.print(i * 2);
i++;
try {
queue2.put("printChar");
queue1.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
try {
queue2.take();
System.out.print(i);
i++;
queue1.put("printNumber");
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
}
```
### 8 使用CyclicBarrier
CyclicBarrier的字面意思就是可循环使用的屏障,它可以让一组线程到达一个阻塞点(屏障)时被阻塞。直到最后一个线程到达阻塞点后,屏障才会开门,然后所有被拦截的线程就可以继续运行。
CyclicBarrier中有一个barrierCommand,主要就是在所有线程到达阻塞点之后执行的一个线程。可以使用构造方法来 CyclicBarrier(int parties, Runnable barrierAction)进行构建。
关于使用CyclicBarrier进行交替打印,先来说一下思路。
1. 利用await()方法使得每循环一次都阻塞线程。
2. 将每次循环输出的值放到一个共享的同步list里面。
3. 然后再使用barrierAction到达阻塞点之后进行输出。 由于list里面的值先后顺序有变化,所有先排序然后再打印。
下面我们看一下实操代码:
```java
public class ThreadSignalCyclicBarrier {
private static List<String> list = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
CyclicBarrier barrier = new CyclicBarrier(2,barrierRun());
new Thread(() -> {
int i = 1;
while (i <= 26) {
list.add(String.valueOf(i * 2 - 1));
list.add(String.valueOf(i * 2));
i++;
try {
barrier.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
new Thread(()->{
char i = 'A';
while (i <= 'Z'){
try {
list.add(String.valueOf(i));
i++;
barrier.await();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
public static Runnable barrierRun(){
return new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
Collections.sort(list);
list.forEach(str->System.out.print(str));
list.clear();
}
};
}
}
```
Demo代码GitHub: https://github.com/javatechnorth/java-study-note/tree/master/multiThread/src/main/java/org/javanorth/currency/signal
欢迎来瓢!!
### 总结
一口气给妹子讲了8种方法来完成交替打印的编程题目,总结一下线程通信的内容。
线程间通信大致可以分为3种:
1. 通过共享对象,即共享内存进行通信
2. 等待通知机制,(利用wait(),notify(),notifyAll(),Lock,以及AQS等)
3. 利用管道输入,输出流。
相信妹子已经比较比较了解线程间通信的内容。由于妹子的问题比较多,后面哥慢慢给你讲!敬请期待。