目录
1.5 运算符重载
1.5.1 加号运算符重载
1.5.2 左移运算符重载
1.5.3 递增运算符重载
1.5.4 赋值运算符重载
1.5.5 关系运算符重载
1.5.6 函数调用运算符重载
运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型
//加法运算重载符 class Person { public: //1、成员函数重载+号 Person operator+(Person &p) { Person temp; temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A; temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B; return temp; } int m_A; int m_B; }; //2、全局函数重载+号 Person operator+(Person &p1, Person &p2) { Person temp; temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A; temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B; return temp; } //函数重载的版本 Person operator+(Person &p1, int num) { Person temp; temp.m_A = p1.m_A + num; temp.m_B = p1.m_B + num; return temp; } void test01() { Person p1; p1.m_A = 10; p1.m_B = 10; Person p2; p2.m_A = 10; p2.m_B = 10; //成员函数重载本质调用 //Person p3 = p1.operator+(p2); //全局函数重载本质调用 //Person p3 = operator+(p1, p2); Person p3 = p1 + p2;//上面的简化版 //运算符重载 也可以发生函数重载 Person p4 = p1 + 100;//Person + int cout << "p3.m_A" << p3.m_A << endl; cout << "p3.m_B" << p3.m_B << endl; cout << "p4.m_A" << p3.m_A << endl; cout << "p4.m_B" << p3.m_B << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
总结1:对于内置的数据类型的表达式的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2:不要滥用运算符重载
//左移运算重载符 class Person { public: //利用成员函数重载 左移运算符 p.operator<<(cout) 简化版本 p << cout //不会利用成员函数重载<<运算符,因为无法实现 cout 在左侧 //void operator<<(cout) //{ // //} int m_A; int m_B; }; //只能利用全局函数重载左移运算符 ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout,Person &p)//本质 operator<< (cout,p) 简化 cout<<p { cout << "m_A= " << p.m_A << " m_B= " << p.m_B ; return cout; } void test01() { Person p; p.m_A = 10; p.m_B = 10; cout << p << "hello"<<endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; } //左移运算重载符 class Person { friend ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p); public: Person(int a, int b) { m_A = a; m_B = b; } private: //利用成员函数重载 左移运算符 p.operator<<(cout) 简化版本 p << cout //不会利用成员函数重载<<运算符,因为无法实现 cout 在左侧 //void operator<<(cout) //{ // //} int m_A; int m_B; }; //只能利用全局函数重载左移运算符 ostream & operator<<(ostream &cout, Person &p)//本质 operator<< (cout,p) 简化 cout<<p { cout << " m_A= " << p.m_A << " m_B= " << p.m_B; return cout; } void test01() { Person p(10,10); /*p.m_A = 10; p.m_B = 10;*/ cout << p << "hello" << endl; } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
//重载递增运算符 //自定义整型 class MyInteger { friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInteger myint); public: MyInteger() { m_Num = 0; } //重载前置++运算符 返回引用为了一直对一个数据进行递增操作 MyInteger& operator++() { //先进行++运算 m_Num++; //再将自身做返回 return *this; //返回引用 } //重载后置++运算符 //int 代表占位参数,可以用于区分前置和后置递增 MyInteger operator++(int) { //先 记录当时结果 MyInteger temp = *this; //后 递增 m_Num++; //最后将记录结果做返回 return temp; //返回值 //返回的是局部对象,在当前函数执行之后就被释放掉了,如果返回引用后面就是非法操作 } private: int m_Num; }; //重载<<运算符 ostream& operator<<(ostream& cout, MyInteger myint) { cout << myint.m_Num; return cout; } void test01() { MyInteger myint; cout << myint << endl; cout << ++(++myint) << endl; } void test02() { MyInteger myint; cout << myint << endl; cout << myint++ << endl; } int main() { test01(); test02(); system("pause"); return 0; }
总结:前置递增返回引用,后置递增返回值
C++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
//赋值运算符重载 class Person { public: Person(int age) { m_Age = new int(age); } ~Person() { if (m_Age != NULL) { delete m_Age; m_Age = NULL; } } //重载 赋值运算符 Person& operator=(Person &p) { //编译器是提供浅拷贝 //m_Age=p.m_Age; //应该先判断是否有属性在堆区,如果有先释放干净,然后再深拷贝 if (m_Age != NULL) { delete m_Age; m_Age = NULL; } //深拷贝 m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age); //返回对象本身 return *this; } int *m_Age; }; void test01() { Person p1(18); Person p2(20); Person p3(30); p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值操作 cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl; cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl; cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl; } int main() { test01(); /*int a = 10; int b = 20; int c = 30; c = b = a; cout << "a=" << a << endl; cout << "b=" << b << endl; cout << "c=" << c << endl;*/ system("pause"); return 0; }
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
//重载关系运算符 class Person { public: Person(string name, int age) { m_Name = name; m_Age = age; } //重载 == 号 bool operator==(Person &p) { if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name&&this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return true; } return false; } //重载 != 号 bool operator!=(Person &p) { if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name&&this->m_Age == p.m_Age) { return false; } return true; } string m_Name; int m_Age; }; void test01() { Person p1("Tom", 18); Person p2("Jerry", 18); if (p1 == p2) { cout << "p1 和 p2 是相等的!" << endl; } else { cout << "p1 和 p2 是不相等的!" << endl; } if (p1 != p2) { cout << "p1 和 p2 是不相等的!" << endl; } else { cout << "p1 和 p2 是相等的!" << endl; } } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }
//函数调用运算符重载 //打印输出类 class MyPrint { public: //重载函数调用运算符 void operator()(string test) { cout << test << endl; } }; void MyPrint02(string test) { cout << test << endl; } void test01() { MyPrint myPrint; myPrint("hello world");//由于使用起来非常类似于函数调用,因此称为仿函数 MyPrint02("hello world"); } //仿函数非常灵活,没有固定的写法 //加法类 class MyAdd { public: int operator()(int num1, int num2) { return num1 + num2; } }; void test02() { MyAdd myadd; int ret = myadd(100, 100); cout << "ret=" << ret << endl; //匿名函数对象 cout << MyAdd()(100, 100) << endl; //以后看到一个类型加一个小括号第一反应就是匿名对象,后面括号就是使用重载运算符 } int main() { test01(); system("pause"); return 0; }