容器的生命周期:
镜像制作的途径:
1、 docker commit
2、Dockerfile
Dockerfile is nothing but the source code for building Docker image. Docker can build images automatically by reading the instructions from Dockerfile.
Dockerfile 规范:
1、格式:
2、Dockerfile 是按顺序执行 Dockerfile 里的指令集合的(从上到下依次执行)
3、每一个Dockerfile的第一个非注释指令,必须是“From” 指令,用于为镜像文件构建过程中,指定基准镜像,后续的指令运行于此基准镜像所提供的运行环境中
4组核心的Dockerfile指令:
USER指令:指明pid=1的那个进程是用哪个用户跑的。 WORKDIR 是工作目录
dockerfile]$ cat Dockerfile FROM neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2-with_curl USER nginx WORKDIR /usr/share/nginx/html dockerfile]$ docker build . -t neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_user_workdir # build . 表示构建本目录下的 Dockerfile。-t 表示加一个 tag Sending build context to Docker daemon 2.048kB Step 1/3 : FROM neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2-with_curl ---> bed9d53d040f Step 2/3 : USER nginx ---> Running in 61ddd6262e79 Removing intermediate container 61ddd6262e79 ---> 913dfc82717b Step 3/3 : WORKDIR /usr/share/nginx/html ---> Running in 04f2d453b212 Removing intermediate container 04f2d453b212 ---> 7a452945f33f Successfully built 7a452945f33f Successfully tagged neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_user_workdir dockerfile]$ docker run --rm -ti --name nginx123 neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_user_workdir /bin/bash # 加了 -ti 后面就需要加 /bin/sh 之类的交互式的方式 nginx@ce0784f01a71:/usr/share/nginx/html$ nginx@ce0784f01a71:/usr/share/nginx/html$ whoami nginx nginx@ce0784f01a71:/usr/share/nginx/html$ pwd /usr/share/nginx/html nginx@ce0784f01a71:/usr/share/nginx/html$ exit exit
ADD/EXPOSE指令:
ADD指令类似于 COPY指令,但ADD指令要比COPY指令要广一些,ADD也适用于 tar包和 url;EXPOSE指令定义容器内哪个端口被暴露出来。
ADD指令的功能是将主机构建环境(上下文)目录中的文件和目录、以及一个URL标记的文件 拷贝到镜像中。 其格式是: ADD 源路径 目标路径
dockerfile]$ cat Dockerfile FROM neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2-with_curl ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html EXPOSE 80 dockerfile]$ docker build . -t neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_add_expose Sending build context to Docker daemon 5.12kB Step 1/3 : FROM neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2-with_curl ---> bed9d53d040f Step 2/3 : ADD index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html ---> 037d71199706 Step 3/3 : EXPOSE 80 ---> Running in 582258e6542d Removing intermediate container 582258e6542d ---> 9e04822eec13 Successfully built 9e04822eec13 Successfully tagged neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_add_expose dockerfile]$ docker run -d -P neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_add_expose // -P 表示在宿主机上随机起一个端口把容器内的 80 端口暴露出来 31e492b1adfd764bfcf852cc62f5969332a6d466b7405228b09df4508e2b71a1 [ec2-user@ip-172-31-47-18 dockerfile]$ docker ps -a CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 31e492b1adfd neomaple/nginx:v1.12.2_with_add_expose "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 0.0.0.0:49153->80/tcp jolly_fermi dockerfile]$ netstat -lntup (No info could be read for "-p": geteuid()=1000 but you should be root.) Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:49153 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN -
end ...