步骤

1. 新建一个自定义异常类UserException,再定义它的子类NameException和AgeException.

public class AgeException extends UserException{
    public AgeException() {
    }

    public AgeException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

public class NameException extends UserException{
    public NameException() {
    }

    public NameException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

public class UserException extends Exception{
    public UserException() {
    }

    public UserException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

2. 再controller中抛出NameException,AgeException。

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/user")
public class UserController {
    @RequestMapping("/some")
    public ModelAndView doSome(String name,Integer age) throws UserException {
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        if(!name.equals("黄振聪")){
            throw new NameException("用户："+name+"不是黄振聪！");
        }
        if(age == null || age > 100){
            throw new AgeException("年龄不符合要求！");
        }
        modelAndView.addObject("uname",name);
        modelAndView.addObject("uage",age);
        modelAndView.setViewName("target");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

3. 创建一个普通类，作为全局异常处理类。并在类的上面加上@ControllerAdvice,在类中定义方法，方法上面加入@ExceptionHandler.

@ControllerAdvice
public class UserExceptionHandler {
    /**
     @ExceptionHandler: 
        属性：
            value:指定异常类，若没有指定则表示其他所有异常
     */
    @ExceptionHandler(value = NameException.class)
    public ModelAndView nameException(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("tips","处理NameException");
        modelAndView.addObject("ex",ex);
        modelAndView.setViewName("nameError");
        return modelAndView;
    }
    @ExceptionHandler(value = AgeException.class)
    public ModelAndView ageException(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("tips","处理AgeException");
        modelAndView.addObject("ex",ex);
        modelAndView.setViewName("ageError");
        return modelAndView;
    }
    @ExceptionHandler
    public ModelAndView otherException(Exception ex){
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("ex",ex);
        modelAndView.setViewName("otherError");
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

4. 创建处理异常的视图界面。
5. 在SpringMVC配置文件中添加：组件扫描器，扫描@Controller注解和@ControllerAdvice所在的包名；声明注解驱动。

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hzc.controller" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.hzc.handler" />
    <mvc:annotation-driven />

结构图：