public class HashSet<E>{//1.7版本
    private transient HashMap<E,Object> map;
    
    private static final Object PRESENT = new Object();
    
    //0-1.会调用HashMap的无参构造方法
    public HashSet() {
        map = new HashMap<>();
    }
    
    //loadFactor 负载因子 默认0.75
    public HashSet(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity, loadFactor);
    }
    
    public HashSet(int initialCapacity) {
        map = new HashMap<>(initialCapacity);
    }
    
    //1. 添加第一个学生，e= Student{id=1, name='lili'}
    //2.Hashset的add方法就是调用HashMap的put方法
    public boolean add(E e) {
        //24.返回true
        return map.put(e, PRESENT)==null;
    }
}    
    //---------------以下是HashMap源码-----------------------------
    static final Entry<?,?>[] EMPTY_TABLE = {};
    transient Entry<K,V>[] table = (Entry<K,V>[]) EMPTY_TABLE;  主数组是一个Entry类型的数组
    
    static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16  默认初始容量是16
    
    //默认负载因子为0.75，加载因子是表示Hsah表中元素的填满的程度
    //太大容易引起哈西冲突，太小容易浪费  0.75是经过大量运算后得到的最好值
    //这个值其实可以自己改，但是不建议改，因为这个0.75是大量运算得到的
    static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;  
    
    int threshold;  
    
    //0-2.会给初始容量、负载因子赋默认值
    public HashMap() {
        this(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
    }
    
    //0-3.调用到有参构造函数,将threshold=16
    public HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
        
        if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
            initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
        
        this.loadFactor = loadFactor; //loadFactor = 0.75f
        threshold = initialCapacity;//threshold =16
        init();// 啥也没干
    }
    
    void init() {
    }
    
    //3. key=Student{id=1, name='lili'} value=PRESENT
    public V put(K key, V value) {
        //4.走if
        if (table == EMPTY_TABLE) {
            //给table指定长度
            inflateTable(threshold);//threshold = 16;
        }
        if (key == null)
            return putForNullKey(value);
        
        //14.对key进行hash运算
        int hash = hash(key);
        //17.得到数组下标为  i=15
        int i = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[i]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            Object k;
            if (e.hash == hash && ((k = e.key) == key || key.equals(k))) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }

        modCount++;
        //18.hash = 2271 key=Student{id=1, name='lili'} value= PRESENT i=15
        addEntry(hash, key, value, i);
        return null;
    }
    
    //15.hash方法返回这个key对应的哈希值，内部进行二次散列，为了尽量保证不同的key得到不同的哈希码
    final int hash(Object k) {
        int h = hashSeed;
        if (0 != h && k instanceof String) {
            return sun.misc.Hashing.stringHash32((String) k);
        }
        
        //k.hashCode()函数调用的是key键值类型自带的哈希函数，
        //由于不同的对象其hashCode()有可能相同，所以需对hashCode()再次哈希，以降低相同率
        h ^= k.hashCode();

        /*
        接下来的一串与运算和异或运算，称之为“扰动函数”，
        扰动的核心思想在于使计算出来的值在保留原有相关特性的基础上，
        增加其值的不确定性，从而降低冲突的概率。
        不同的版本实现的方式不一样，但其根本思想是一致的。
        往右移动的目的，就是为了将h的高位利用起来，减少哈西冲突
        */
        h ^= (h >>> 20) ^ (h >>> 12);
        return h ^ (h >>> 7) ^ (h >>> 4);
    }
    
    //16.根据h & (length-1)表达式，算出来数组下标
    static int indexFor(int h, int length) {
        // assert Integer.bitCount(length) == 1 : "length must be a non-zero power of 2";
        return h & (length-1);
    }
    
    //5.toSize=16;
    private void inflateTable(int toSize) {
        // Find a power of 2 >= toSize
        //10.capacity = 16  一顿操作就是为了算出来数组的初始长度  最接近给定长度的二次幂
        //如果给定长度是5，最后得到的capacity是8  2^3
        int capacity = roundUpToPowerOf2(toSize); //capacity(中文翻译：容量)
        //11.threshold = 12 是否扩容的条件
        threshold = (int) Math.min(capacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
        //12.table = new Entry[16];
        table = new Entry[capacity];
        initHashSeedAsNeeded(capacity);
    }
    
    //9.return number = 16
    private static int roundUpToPowerOf2(int number) {
        // assert number >= 0 : "number must be non-negative";
        return number >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
                ? MAXIMUM_CAPACITY
                 //6.(number - 1) << 1  15<< 1  15*2 = 30
                : (number > 1) ? Integer.highestOneBit((number - 1) << 1) : 1;
    }
    
    //7.i =30 为了算数组的初始长度，给定长度的二次幂
    public static int highestOneBit(int i) {
        // HD, Figure 3-1
        i |= (i >>  1);
        i |= (i >>  2);
        i |= (i >>  4);
        i |= (i >>  8);
        i |= (i >> 16);
        return i - (i >>> 1);//8.return 16
    }
    
    //13.??????????????????????????????
    final boolean initHashSeedAsNeeded(int capacity) {
        boolean currentAltHashing = hashSeed != 0;
        boolean useAltHashing = sun.misc.VM.isBooted() &&
                (capacity >= Holder.ALTERNATIVE_HASHING_THRESHOLD);
        boolean switching = currentAltHashing ^ useAltHashing;
        if (switching) {
            hashSeed = useAltHashing
                ? sun.misc.Hashing.randomHashSeed(this)
                : 0;
        }
        return switching;
    }
    
    private V putForNullKey(V value) {
        for (Entry<K,V> e = table[0]; e != null; e = e.next) {
            if (e.key == null) {
                V oldValue = e.value;
                e.value = value;
                e.recordAccess(this);
                return oldValue;
            }
        }
        modCount++;
        addEntry(0, null, value, 0);
        //23.返回null
        return null;
    }
    
    void addEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        //如果数组里面的元素超过12,并且当前要插入的元素对应的下标已经有值了，就需要扩容了，扩为原来的2倍
        if ((size >= threshold) && (null != table[bucketIndex])) {
            resize(2 * table.length);
            //重新根据hash和table的长度，算出新的数组下标位置，在创建Entry
            hash = (null != key) ? hash(key) : 0;
            bucketIndex = indexFor(hash, table.length);
        }
        //19.hash = 2271 key=Student{id=1, name='lili'} value= PRESENT bucketIndex=15
        createEntry(hash, key, value, bucketIndex);
    }
    
    void createEntry(int hash, K key, V value, int bucketIndex) {
        //20.table[15] =null  e=null;
        Entry<K,V> e = table[bucketIndex];
        //21.table[15] = Entry(2271,Student{id=1, name='lili'},value=PRESENT,e=null),HashSet成功放入第一个元素
        table[bucketIndex] = new Entry<>(hash, key, value, e);
        //22.数组长度+1
        size++;
    }
    
    void resize(int newCapacity) {
        Entry[] oldTable = table;
        int oldCapacity = oldTable.length;
        if (oldCapacity == MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
            threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
            return;
        }

        Entry[] newTable = new Entry[newCapacity];
        //转让方法：将老数组中的东西都重新放入新数组中
        transfer(newTable, initHashSeedAsNeeded(newCapacity));
        //老数组替换为新数组
        table = newTable;
        //重新计算threshold
        threshold = (int)Math.min(newCapacity * loadFactor, MAXIMUM_CAPACITY + 1);
    }
    
    void transfer(Entry[] newTable, boolean rehash) {
        int newCapacity = newTable.length;
        for (Entry<K,V> e : table) {
            while(null != e) {
                Entry<K,V> next = e.next;
                if (rehash) {
                    e.hash = null == e.key ? 0 : hash(e.key);
                }
                //将哈希值，和新的数组容量传进去，重新计算key在新数组中的位置
                int i = indexFor(e.hash, newCapacity);
                //头插法 获取链表上元素给e.next
                e.next = newTable[i];
                //然后将e放在i位置 
                newTable[i] = e;
                //e再指向下一个节点继续遍历
                e = next;
            }
        }
    }
    
}

顺道带上了HashSet，HashSet也是用HashMap实现的。