Docker容器
Docker（二） 基本应用——docker安装nginx
本文主要是介绍Docker（二） 基本应用——docker安装nginx，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
作为一个最基本的练习，尝试在docker中部署运行nginx。
第一步：在仓库中搜索nginx镜像
docker search nginx
[root@aris ~]# docker search nginx NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED nginx Official build of Nginx. 15311 [OK] jwilder/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 2059 [OK] richarvey/nginx-php-fpm Container running Nginx + PHP-FPM capable of… 815 [OK] jc21/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for managing Nginx proxy ho… 233 linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by LinuxS… 151 tiangolo/nginx-rtmp Docker image with Nginx using the nginx-rtmp… 138 [OK] jlesage/nginx-proxy-manager Docker container for Nginx Proxy Manager 131 [OK] alfg/nginx-rtmp NGINX, nginx-rtmp-module and FFmpeg from sou… 105 [OK] nginxdemos/hello NGINX webserver that serves a simple page co… 70 [OK] privatebin/nginx-fpm-alpine PrivateBin running on an Nginx, php-fpm & Al… 56 [OK] nginx/nginx-ingress NGINX and NGINX Plus Ingress Controllers fo… 55 nginxinc/nginx-unprivileged Unprivileged NGINX Dockerfiles 46 staticfloat/nginx-certbot Opinionated setup for automatic TLS certs lo… 24 [OK] nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter NGINX Prometheus Exporter for NGINX and NGIN… 19 schmunk42/nginx-redirect A very simple container to redirect HTTP tra… 19 [OK] nginxproxy/nginx-proxy Automated Nginx reverse proxy for docker con… 16 centos/nginx-112-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.12 or building … 15 centos/nginx-18-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.8 or building n… 13 bitwarden/nginx The Bitwarden nginx web server acting as a r… 11 mailu/nginx Mailu nginx frontend 9 [OK] devilbox/nginx-stable Devilbox's Nginx stable (based on official N… 4 ansibleplaybookbundle/nginx-apb An APB to deploy NGINX 2 [OK] wodby/nginx Generic nginx 1 [OK] arnau/nginx-gate Docker image with Nginx with Lua enabled on … 1 [OK] centos/nginx-110-centos7 Platform for running nginx 1.10 or building … 0 [root@aris ~]#
第二步：下载镜像
docker pull nginx
[root@aris ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest latest: Pulling from library/nginx 33847f680f63: Already exists dbb907d5159d: Pull complete 8a268f30c42a: Pull complete b10cf527a02d: Pull complete c90b090c213b: Pull complete 1f41b2f2bf94: Pull complete Digest: sha256:8f335768880da6baf72b70c701002b45f4932acae8d574dedfddaf967fc3ac90 Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest docker.io/library/nginx:latest [root@aris ~]#
第三步：运行容器
[root@aris ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE nginx latest 08b152afcfae 3 weeks ago 133MB mysql latest c60d96bd2b77 3 weeks ago 514MB centos latest 300e315adb2f 8 months ago 209MB [root@aris ~]# docker run -d --name "nginx01" -p 9080:80 nginx 27b55924e9433ab531bb4e68dfe9bff2ae3e09df92766d0da1f300f15d86d7ec [root@aris ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 27b55924e943 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 4 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp, :::9080->80/tcp nginx01 [root@aris ~]#
这里指定启动容器名称为nginx01， -d在后台运行，使用的镜像为nginx，并且将宿主机器的9080端口映射到容器内部的80端口（nginx的默认端口）。
第四部：测试容器中运行的服务
使用curl http://localhost:9080访问nginx
[root@aris ~]# curl http://localhost:9080
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Welcome to nginx!</title>
<style>
body {
width: 35em;
margin: 0 auto;
font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1>
<p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.</p>
<p>For online documentation and support please refer to
<a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/>
Commercial support is available at
<a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p>
</body>
</html>
[root@aris ~]#
可以看到容器成功启动运行。
第五步：进入容器查看nginx相关配置：
[root@aris ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 27b55924e943 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes 0.0.0.0:9080->80/tcp, :::9080->80/tcp nginx01 [root@aris ~]# docker exec -it nginx01 /bin/bash root@27b55924e943:/# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /usr/lib/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx root@27b55924e943:/# nginx -t nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful root@27b55924e943:/#
这时候就可以像在本地操作nginx一样修改nginx配置，但这是一种不好的做法，最好的做法是使用卷挂载的方式，将配置文件放到宿主机挂载的目录上，从而在宿主机上修改容器内部nginx服务使用的配置文件。
第六步：在宿主机查看容器日志：
[root@aris ~]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 27b55924e943 2021-08-13T10:23:41.573735002Z /docker-entrypoint.sh: Configuration complete; ready for start up 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580405254Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: using the "epoll" event method 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580426690Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: nginx/1.21.1 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580429748Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: built by gcc 8.3.0 (Debian 8.3.0-6) 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580432080Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580434272Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580527109Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: start worker processes 2021-08-13T10:23:41.580572391Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 32 2021-08-13T10:23:41.581302993Z 2021/08/13 10:23:41 [notice] 1#1: start worker process 33 2021-08-13T10:26:09.199705823Z 172.17.0.1 - - [13/Aug/2021:10:26:09 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.29.0" "-" 2021-08-13T10:36:24.720809637Z 10.211.55.2 - - [13/Aug/2021:10:36:24 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "curl/7.64.1" "-"
可以实时看到日志刷新输出。
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