构建一个普通的Maven项目,删除src目录,以后的就在这个项目里面建立Module;这个空的工程就是Maven的主工程
关于Maven父子工程的理解:
<modules> <module>servlet-01</module> </modules>
<parent> <artifactId>javaweb-02-servlet</artifactId> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> </parent>
Maven环境优化
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0" metadata-complete="true"> </web-app>
编写一个Servlet程序
HttpServlet
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { //由于get/post只是请求实现的不同方式,可以互相调用,业务逻辑都一样 @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); /*响应流*/ writer.print("Hello, Servlet"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { super.doPost(req, resp); } }
编写Servlet的映射
为什么需要映射?
<!--注册Servlet--> <servlet> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <!--Servlet的请求路径--> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
配置Tomcat
启动测试
localhost:8080/s1/hello
遇到的问题:利用Tomcat 10.0.4 构建类servlet报错:类HelloServlet不是Servlet?
解决办法:参考
用到的两个依赖:
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-servlet-api --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-servlet-api</artifactId> <version>10.0.4</version> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat/tomcat-jsp-api --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat-jsp-api</artifactId> <version>10.0.4</version> </dependency>
Web容器在启动的时候,它会为每个Web程序都创建一个对应的ServletContext对象,就代表的当前的web应用。
/** * @author ano * 放置数据的类 */ public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); //data String username = "南柱赫"; //将data保存在了ServletContext中 context.setAttribute("username",username); System.out.println("hello"); } }
/** * @author ano * 获取数据的类 */ public class GetServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); String username = (String) context.getAttribute("username"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter(); writer.println(username); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { super.doPost(req, resp); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" version="4.0"> <servlet> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.HelloServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> <servlet> <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.GetServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>getc</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/getc</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping> </web-app>
测试访问结果:
<!--配置一些web应用的初始化参数--> <context-param> <param-name>url</param-name> <param-value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis</param-value> </context-param> <servlet> <servlet-name>getp</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.GetParam</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>getp</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/getp</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
/** * @author wangjiao */ public class GetParam extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); String url = context.getInitParameter("url"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); resp.getWriter().println(url); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { super.doPost(req, resp); } }
/** * @author ano * ServletContext-->请求转发 */ public class ReqDispatch extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { ServletContext context = this.getServletContext(); context.getRequestDispatcher("/getp").forward(req,resp); } }
<servlet> <servlet-name>reqD</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.ReqDispatch</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>reqD</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/reqD</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
在java目录下新建db.properties文件;
在resources目录下新建db.properties文件
发现:都被打包在同一个路径下:class,俗称这个路径为classpath
db.properties
username=root password=123456
/** * @author ano */ public class PropertiesServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { InputStream inputStream = this.getServletContext().getResourceAsStream("/WEB-INF/classes/db.properties"); Properties properties = new Properties(); properties.load(inputStream); String username = properties.getProperty("username"); String password = properties.getProperty("password"); resp.setContentType("text/html"); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); resp.getWriter().print(username + ":" + password); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { super.doPost(req, resp); } }
<servlet> <servlet-name>propS</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.PropertiesServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>propS</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/propS</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException; PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1); void setContentLength(int var1); void setContentLengthLong(long var1); void setContentType(String var1); void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2); void setHeader(String var1, String var2); void addHeader(String var1, String var2); void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2); void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
int SC_CONTINUE = 100; int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101; int SC_OK = 200; int SC_CREATED = 201; int SC_ACCEPTED = 202; int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203; int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204; int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205; int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206; int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300; int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301; int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302; int SC_FOUND = 302; int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303; int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304; int SC_USE_PROXY = 305; int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307; int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400; int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401; int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402; int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403; int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404; int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405; int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406; int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407; int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408; int SC_CONFLICT = 409; int SC_GONE = 410; int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411; int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412; int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413; int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414; int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415; int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416; int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417; int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500; int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501; int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502; int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503; int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504; int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
常见应用包括:向浏览器输出消息;下载文件等。
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //1. 获取下载文件的路径 //String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/babe.jpg"); String realPath = "E:\\workspace\\javaweb-02-servlet\\response\\src\\main\\resources\\babe.jpg"; System.out.println("下载文件的路径:" + realPath); //2. 下载的文件名 String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1); //3. 设置想办法让浏览器能够支持需要下载的文件,如果是中文文件名,用URLEncoder.encode编码,否则有可能乱码 resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename=" + URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8")); //4. 获取下载文件的输入流 FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(realPath); //5. 创建缓冲区 int len = 0; byte[] buffer = new byte[1024]; //6. 获取OutputStream对象 ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream(); //7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStrean将缓冲区的数据输出到客户端 while((len = in.read(buffer)) > 0) { out.write(buffer,0,len); } in.close(); out.close(); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { super.doPost(req, resp); } }
验证码如何实现:
- 前端实现;
- 后端实现:需要用到Java的图片类,生成一个图片
public class ImageServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //1.让浏览器5s刷新一次 resp.setHeader("refresh","3"); //2.在内存种创建一个图片 BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80, 20, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB); //3.得到图片 //笔 Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D)image.getGraphics(); //设置图片的背景颜色 g.setColor(Color.WHITE); g.fillRect(0,0,80,20); //4.给图片写数据 g.setColor(Color.BLUE); g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20)); g.drawString(makeNum(),0,20); //5.告诉浏览器,这个请求用图片的方式打开 resp.setContentType("image/jpeg"); //不让浏览器缓存 resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1); resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache"); resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache"); //6.把图片写给浏览器 ImageIO.write(image,"jpg",resp.getOutputStream()); } /** * 生成随机数 */ private String makeNum() { Random random = new Random(); String num = random.nextInt(9999999) + ""; StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); for (int i = 0; i < 7-num.length(); i++) { sb.append("0"); } num = sb.toString() + num; return num; } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
重定向
。void sendRedirect(String var1) throws IOException;
public class RedirectServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { /*sendRedirect()原理:*/ //resp.setHeader("Location","/r/image"); //resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY); resp.sendRedirect("/r/image"); } }
面试题:重定向和转发的区别:
相同点:
不同点:
示例:
/** * @author wangjiao */ public class RequestTest extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { //处理请求 String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); System.out.println(username + ":" + password); //重定向时注意路径问题,否则会404 resp.sendRedirect("/r/success.jsp"); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
web.xml
<servlet> <servlet-name>request</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.RequestTest</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>request</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
index.jsp
<html> <body> <h2>Hello World!</h2> <%--这里提交的路径,需要寻找到项目的路径--%> <form action="login" method="get"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"> <input type="submit"> </form> </body> </html>
success.jsp
<html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Success</h1> </body> </html>
String getParameter(String var1); String[] getParameterValues(String var1); Enumeration<String> getParameterNames(); Map<String, String[]> getParameterMap();
public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String username = req.getParameter("username"); String password = req.getParameter("password"); String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobbies"); System.out.println(username); System.out.println(password); System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies)); resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8"); //通过请求转发 req.getRequestDispatcher(req.getContextPath() + "/success.jsp").forward(req,resp); } @Override protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { doGet(req, resp); } }
web.xml
<servlet> <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name> <servlet-class>com.ano.servlet.LoginServlet</servlet-class> </servlet> <servlet-mapping> <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name> <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern> </servlet-mapping>
index.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: wangjiao Date: 2021/8/5 Time: 10:57 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>登录</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录</h1> <div style="text-align: left"> <%--以post方式提交表单,提交到login请求--%> <form action="login" method="post"> 用户名:<input type="text" name="username"><br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br> 爱好: <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="女明星">女明星 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="男明星">男明星 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="唱歌">唱歌 <input type="checkbox" name="hobbies" value="电影">电影 <input type="submit"> </form> </div> </body> </html>
success.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: wangjiao Date: 2021/8/5 Time: 11:12 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>登录成功!</h1> </body> </html>