在web被访问时通常使用http://的方式 , http://是一种超文本传输协议
能提供http:// 超文本传输协议软件:Apache、nginx、stgw、jfe、Tengine
dnf install httpd.x86_64 -y
systemctl enable --now httpd ##开启服务并设定服务位开机启动 firewall-cmd --list-all ##查看火墙信息 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http ##在火墙中永久开启http访问 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https ##在火墙中永久开启https访问 firewall-cmd --reload ##刷新火墙使设定生效
服务名称: httpd 配置文件: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##主配置文件 /etc/httpd/conf.d/*.conf ##子配置文件 默认发布目录: /var/www/html 默认发布文件: index.html 默认端口: 80 #http 443 #https 用户: apache 日志: /etc/httpd/logs
1.Apache端口修改
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf Listen 8080 firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=8080/tcp firewall-cmd --reload systemctl restart httpd http://172.25.254.173:8080
2.默认发布文件
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##主配置文件 DirectoryIndex westos.html index.html systemctl restart httpd
3.默认发布目录
mkdir /var/www/westos mv /var/www/westos /var vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##主配置文件 DocumentRoot "/var/westos" <Directory "/var/westos"> Require all granted </Directory> systemctl restart httpd firefox http://192.168.0.11
#实验素材#
mkdir /var/www/html/westos vim /var/www/html/westos/index.html <h1>westosdir's page</h1> firefox http://192.168.0.11/westos
1.基于客户端ip的访问控制#
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf ##主配置文件
ip白名单
<Directory "/var/www/html/westos"> Order Deny,Allow Allow from 172.25.254.73 Deny from All </Directory>
ip黑名单
<Directory "/var/www/html/westos"> Order Allow,Deny Allow from All Deny from 172.25.254.73 </Directory>
2.基于用户认证
vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
<Directory "/var/www/html/westos"> AuthUserfile /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile ##指定认证文件 AuthName "Please input your name and password" ##认证提示语 AuthType basic ##认证类型 Require user admin ##允许通过的认证用户 2选1 Require valid-user ##允许所有用户通过认证 2选1 </Directory> htpasswd -cm /etc/httpd/htpasswdfile admin ##生成认证文件
注意:
当/etc/httpd/htpasswdfile存在那么在添加用户时不要加-c参数否则会覆盖源文件内容
1.准备
mkdir -p /var/www/westos.com/{news,wenku} echo "news's page" >/var/www/westos.com/news/index.html echo "wang's page" > /var/www/westos.com/wang/index.html echo "xibu's page" > /var/www/westos.com![在这里插入图片描述](https://www.www.zyiz.net/i/ll/?i=4b3fb63802cb4594acdb27ab293d6815.png?,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L20wXzQ2NTAyNTIx,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70#pic_center) /xibu/index.html
2.vim /etc/httpd/Vhost.conf
<VirtualHost _default_:80> DocumentRoot "/var/www/html" CustomLog logs/default.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName wenku.westos.com DocumentRoot "/var/www/westos.com/wenku" CustomLog logs/wenku.log combined </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName news.westos.com DocumentRoot "/var/www/westos.com/news" CustomLog logs/news.log combined </VirtualHost>
测试:
在浏览器所在主机中添加域名解析服务
vim /etc/hosts 172.25.254.173 www.westos.com wenku.westos.ocm news.westos.com
firefox http://www.westos.com firefox http://wenku.westos.com firefox http://news.westos.com
#php#
1.安装php
dnf install php -y
2.编写测试页
vim /var/www/html/index.php <?php phpinfo(); ?>
systemctl restart httpd #重启服务 firefox http://192.168.0.11/index.php #在浏览器中查看
#cgi#
mkdir /var/www/html/cgidir vim /var/www/html/cgidir/index.cgi #!/usr/bin/perl print "Content-type: text/html\n\n"; print `date`;
vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf <Directory "/var/www/html/cgidir"> Options +ExecCGI AddHandler cgi-script .cgi </Directory> firefox http://192.168.0.11/cgidir/index.cgi
#wsgi#
书写wsgi的测试文件
vim /var/www/html/wsgi/index.wsgi def application(env, westos): westos('200 ok',[('Content-Type', 'text/html')]) return [b'hello westos hahahahah!'] dnf install python3-mod_wsgi systemctl restart httpd vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName wsgi.westos.org WSGIScriptAlias / /var/www/html/wsgi/index.wsgi </VirtualHost> vim /etc/hosts firefox http://wsgi.westos.org
dnf install mod_ssl -y
##方法 1 openssl genrsa -out /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key 2048 #生成私钥 openssl req -new -key /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key \ -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.csr ##生成证书签名文件 openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in \ /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.csr \ -signkey /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key \ -out /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt #生成证书 x509 证书格式 -req 请求 -in 加载签证名称 -signkey /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key ##方法 2 openssl req --newkey rsa:2048 \ -nodes -sha256 -keyout /etc/httpd/westos.org.key \ -x509 -days 365 -out /etc/httpd/westos.org.crt vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/vhost.conf <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName login.westos.com RewriteEngine on RewriteRule ^(/.*)$ https://%{HTTP_HOST}$1 </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:443> ServerName login.westos.com DocumentRoot "/www/westos.com/login" CustomLog logs/login.log combined SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/pki/tls/certs/www.westos.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/pki/tls/private/www.westos.com.key </VirtualHost> systemctl restart httpd ^(/.*)$ ##客户地址栏中输入的地址 %{HTTP_HOST} ##客户主机 $1 ##RewriteRule后面跟的第一串字符的值
实验环境:
单网卡主机设定ip不能上网
双网卡主机设定ip1可以连接单网卡主机,设定ip2可以上网
实验效果
让单网卡主机不能上网但浏览器可以访问互联网页
操作:
在双网卡主机中
dnf install squid -y vim /etc/squid/squid.conf 59 http_access allow all 65 cache_dir ufs /var/spool/squid 100 16 256 systemctl restart squid firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=3128/tcp firewall-cmd --reload
在单网卡专辑中选择
NetWork Proxy 172.25.254.30 3128
测试:
在单网卡主机中
ping www.baidu.com 不通
在浏览器中访问www.baidu.com可以
实验环境:
172.25.254.20 ##Apache服务器 172.25.254.30 ##squid,没有数据负责缓存
vim /etc/squid/squid.conf http_port 80 vhost vport ##vhost 支持虚拟域名 vport 支持虚拟端口 #当172.25.254.30的80端口被访问会从172.25.254.20的80端口缓存数据 cache_peer 172.25.254.20 parent 80 0 proxy-only systemctl restart squid
测试:
firefox http:/172.25.254.30
访问看到的时172.25.254.20上的数据