通过源码探究SpringBoot的自动装配功能。
我们都知道SpringBoot项目创建好后,会自动生成一个当前模块的启动类。如下:
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; @SpringBootApplication public class TestApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(TestApplication.class, args); } }
在启动类中有个很重要的注解@SpringBootApplication
,在该注解中除了元注解,就是@SpringBootConfiguration
、@EnableAutoConfiguration
、@ComponentScan
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { /** * 排除特定的自动配置类,以便它们永远不会被应用 */ @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class) Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; /** * 排除特定的自动配置类名称,以便它们永远不会被 */ @AliasFor(annotation = EnableAutoConfiguration.class) String[] excludeName() default {}; /** * 用于扫描带注释组件的基本包。 */ @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackages") String[] scanBasePackages() default {}; /** * 用于指定要扫描带注释组件的包。将扫描指定的每个类的包。 */ @AliasFor(annotation = ComponentScan.class, attribute = "basePackageClasses") Class<?>[] scanBasePackageClasses() default {}; ... }
这里我们重点看@EnableAutoConfiguration
注解。
在该注解中我们看到了熟悉的@Import
注解,并且该注解指定导入了AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { String ENABLED_OVERRIDE_PROPERTY = "spring.boot.enableautoconfiguration"; Class<?>[] exclude() default {}; String[] excludeName() default {}; }
我们进入到AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class
,看到当前类继承自DeferredImportSelector
接口,而通过查看DeferredImportSelector
源码 public interface DeferredImportSelector extends ImportSelector {}
得知,DeferredImportSelector
继承自ImportSelector
接口。因此我们大概得知SpringBoot默认装载了ImportSelector::selectImports()
方法返回的全限类名数组。
public class AutoConfigurationImportSelector implements DeferredImportSelector, BeanClassLoaderAware, ResourceLoaderAware, BeanFactoryAware, EnvironmentAware, Ordered { /** * 重写ImportSelector接口中的selectImports方法 * <p> * 该方法返回的数组<全限类名> 都将被装载到IOC容器 */ @Override public String[] selectImports(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return NO_IMPORTS; } AutoConfigurationEntry autoConfigurationEntry = getAutoConfigurationEntry(annotationMetadata); // 将符合注入IOC条件的Bean类信息返回 return StringUtils.toStringArray(autoConfigurationEntry.getConfigurations()); } /** * 获取自动配置的信息 */ protected AutoConfigurationEntry getAutoConfigurationEntry(AnnotationMetadata annotationMetadata) { if (!isEnabled(annotationMetadata)) { return EMPTY_ENTRY; } // 获取元注解属性 AnnotationAttributes attributes = getAttributes(annotationMetadata); // ** 获取候选的配置信息 List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata, attributes); // 移除重复元素 configurations = removeDuplicates(configurations); // 获取任何限制候选配置的排除项 Set<String> exclusions = getExclusions(annotationMetadata, attributes); // 判断排除项是否存在 checkExcludedClasses(configurations, exclusions); // 从候选配置集合中排除需要排除的项 configurations.removeAll(exclusions); // 获取在spring.factories中注册的过滤器,并执行filter方法,返回符合注册条件的元素 configurations = getConfigurationClassFilter().filter(configurations); // 触发自动配置导入事件 fireAutoConfigurationImportEvents(configurations, exclusions); // 返回自动配置和排除项信息 return new AutoConfigurationEntry(configurations, exclusions); } /** * 获取属性 */ protected AnnotationAttributes getAttributes(AnnotationMetadata metadata) { String name = getAnnotationClass().getName(); AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotationAttributes.fromMap(metadata.getAnnotationAttributes(name, true)); Assert.notNull(attributes, () -> "No auto-configuration attributes found. Is " + metadata.getClassName() + " annotated with " + ClassUtils.getShortName(name) + "?"); return attributes; } /** * 获取候选的配置信息 */ protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); // 这个就很重要了,从这里大概可以判断出 配置信息是从META-INF/spring.factories这个文件中获取到的 Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; } }
为了验证配置信息是不是从META-INF/spring.factories
获取的,我们继续跟踪源码SpringFactoriesLoader::loadFactoryNames()
public final class SpringFactoriesLoader { /** * 工厂资源位置 * * <p> * 可以存在于多个Jar文件中 */ public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories"; static final Map<ClassLoader, Map<String, List<String>>> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<>(); /** * 加载工厂名称 * */ public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { ClassLoader classLoaderToUse = classLoader; if (classLoaderToUse == null) { classLoaderToUse = SpringFactoriesLoader.class.getClassLoader(); } // 当前上下文中 factoryTypeName = EnableAutoConfiguration注解的全限类名 String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName(); return loadSpringFactories(classLoaderToUse).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList()); } /** * 加载spring工厂 */ private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(ClassLoader classLoader) { Map<String, List<String>> result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { return result; } result = new HashMap<>(); try { // 获取 META-INF/spring.factories 枚举信息 Enumeration<URL> urls = classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { // spring.factories 文件地址 URL url = urls.nextElement(); // 获取resource信息 UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); // 加载配置文件中的配置信息 Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); // 遍历配置信息放入全局的Map缓存中 for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) { String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); String[] factoryImplementationNames = StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue()); for (String factoryImplementationName : factoryImplementationNames) { result.computeIfAbsent(factoryTypeName, key -> new ArrayList<>()) .add(factoryImplementationName.trim()); } } } // Replace all lists with unmodifiable lists containing unique elements result.replaceAll((factoryType, implementations) -> implementations.stream().distinct() .collect(Collectors.collectingAndThen(Collectors.toList(), Collections::unmodifiableList))); cache.put(classLoader, result); } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } return result; } }
在这里为了更方便的查看loadSpringFactories
中各步骤是用来干嘛的,特意添加debug截图如下:
spring-boot-autoconfigure
下的META-INF/spring.factories
文件信息
从上图中我们能看出spring.factories 中指定了很多常用中间件的auto configure
文件信息。
我们仅查看我们比较熟悉的redis中间件的autoconfiguration文件信息
从RedisAutoConfiguration
源码中我们能看出在文件中使用很多的@Conditional
注解来实现注入符合条件的SpringBean
// 标识为配置类 @Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) // 当存在RedisOperations.class时注入当前类 @ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class) // 激活RedisProperties属性文件 @EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class) // 导入客户端配置类 @Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class }) public class RedisAutoConfiguration { @Bean // 当 当前环境中没有redisTemplate Bean时注入当前Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate") /* * 当指定RedisConnectionFactory类已存在于 BeanFactory 中,并且可以确定单个候选项才会匹配成功。 * 或者 BeanFactory 存在多个 RedisConnectionFactory 实例,但是有一个 primary 候选项被指定(通常在类上使用 @Primary * 注解),也会匹配成功 */ @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(RedisConnectionFactory.class) public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnSingleCandidate(RedisConnectionFactory.class) public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } }
至此我们大概了解了SpringBoot是如何实现自动装配的。
@SpringBootApplication
注解加载@EnableAutoConfiguration注解@EnableAutoConfiguration
加载@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)
执行AutoConfigurationImportSelector
导入选择器AutoConfigurationImportSelector
中执行selectImports()
方法AutoConfigurationImportSelector::selectImports()
通过加载ClassPath下的META-INF/spring.factories
文件来动态的注入*AutoConfiguration类@Conditional
注解及其派生注解实现了Bean的灵活装载。