Java教程

【学习笔记】| Java GUI界面

本文主要是介绍【学习笔记】| Java GUI界面,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

基础组件(十个)

  • 窗口
  • 弹窗
  • 面板
  • 文本框
  • 列表框
  • 按钮
  • 图片
  • 监听事件
  • 鼠标
  • 键盘事件

1、简介

1.1 GUI的核心技术:Swing AWT,但是GUI现在并不流行!

  1. 因为界面不美观(还存在着Java的原生环境)
  2. 需要JRE环境!jre占内存有点大

1.2 为什么我们要学习?

  1. 可以写出自己心中想要的一些小工具
  2. 工作时候,也可能需要维护到swing界面(概率小)
  3. 了解MVC架构,了解监听!

2、AWT

2.1、 awt(抽象的窗口工具)的介绍

​ awt是swing的前身!

用awt讲一些底层的实现,用swing画一些界面

​ 包含了很多的类和接口! GUI:图形用户界面编程

  1. 元素:窗口,按钮,文本框

  2. Java.awt
    在这里插入图片描述

2.2、 组件和容器

1、Frame

package com.cly.gui;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //Frame,jdk, 看源码
        Frame frame = new Frame("我的第一个Java图形界面窗口");//Frame构造方法里面可以传入 String、可以传入画笔

        //需要设置可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);

        //设置窗口可见大小
        frame.setSize(400,400);

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.black);
        //frame.setBackground(new Color(6,6,6));

        //弹出的初始位置
        frame.setLocation(200,200);

        //设置大小固定(不能拉动)
        frame.setResizable(false);

        
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述
问题:发现窗口关闭不掉,停止java程序就可以了!

尝试回顾封装

package com.cly.gui;

import com.cly.method.Test;

import java.awt.*;

public class TestFrame2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //展示多个窗口 new
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame(100, 100, 200, 200, Color.blue);
        MyFrame myFrame1 = new MyFrame(300, 100, 200, 200, Color.yellow);
        MyFrame myFrame2 = new MyFrame(100, 300, 200, 200, Color.red);
        MyFrame myFrame3 = new MyFrame(300, 300, 200, 200, Color.magenta);
    }
}
//这里用到了封装
class MyFrame extends Frame{
    static int id=0;//可能存在多个窗口,我们需要一个计数器
    public MyFrame(int x,int y,int w,int h,Color color){
        super("Myframe+"+(++id));
        setBackground(color);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);
        setVisible(true);
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2、panel面板

package com.cly.gui;

import java.awt.*;

//Panel 可以看成是一个空间,但是不能单独存在,panel里存在流布局的概念
public class TestPanel {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Panel panel = new Panel();
        //面板里存在布局的概念
        frame.setLayout(null);//设置布局 默认的管理器
        //坐标
        frame.setBounds(300,300,500,500);
        frame.setBackground(new Color(40,161,35));
        //panel设置坐标(内部面板的坐标)
        panel.setBounds(50,50,400,400);
        panel.setBackground(new Color(193,15,60));
        //frame.add(panel)
        frame.add(panel);

        frame.setVisible(true);
       /* //监听事件,监听窗口关闭事件 System.exit(0);
       Windows的监听事件有很多,但是咱们只需要实现关闭窗口的监听事件就可以了
       此时 用23种设计模式中的适配器模式:这个时候new windowAdapter(),然后可以选择其中的一个进行重写
        frame.addWindowListener(new windowAdapter(){
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(windowEvent e){
                //结束程序
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });*/
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

2.3、布局管理器

  • 流式布局

    package com.cly.gui;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    
    public class TestFlowLayout {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Frame frame = new Frame();
            //组件-按钮
            Button button1 = new Button("button1");
            Button button2 = new Button("button1");
            Button button3 = new Button("button1");
            //设置为流式布局
            //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
            //frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
            frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));
            frame.setSize(200,200);
            //添加按钮
            frame.add(button1);
            frame.add(button2);
            frame.add(button3);
    
    
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    }
    

在这里插入图片描述

  • 东西南北中

    package com.cly.gui;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    
    public class TestBorderLayout {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Frame frame = new Frame("TestBorderLayout");
    
            Button east = new Button("East");
            Button west = new Button("West");
            Button south = new Button("South");
            Button north = new Button("North");
            Button center = new Button("Center");
    
            frame.add(east,BorderLayout.EAST);
            frame.add(west,BorderLayout.WEST);
            frame.add(south,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
            frame.add(north,BorderLayout.NORTH);
            frame.add(center,BorderLayout.CENTER);
    
            frame.setSize(200,200);
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    }
    
    

在这里插入图片描述

  • 表格 Grid

    package com.cly.gui;
    
    import java.awt.*;
    
    public class TestGridLayout {
        public static void main(String[] args) {
            Frame frame = new Frame(" TestGridLayout");
    
            Button btn1 = new Button("btn1");
            Button btn2 = new Button("btn2");
            Button btn3 = new Button("btn3");
            Button btn4 = new Button("btn4");
            Button btn5 = new Button("btn5");
            Button btn6 = new Button("btn6");
    
            frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
    
            frame.add(btn1);
            frame.add(btn2);
            frame.add(btn3);
            frame.add(btn4);
            frame.add(btn5);
            frame.add(btn6);
    
            frame.pack();//java函数!功能:自动选择一个最优秀的布局,自动填充大小
            frame.setVisible(true);
        }
    }
    

在这里插入图片描述

4、小练习

4.1 代码实现

package com.cly.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Demo {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //总的 Frame布局
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        frame.setSize(400,300);
        frame.setLocation(300,400);
        frame.setBackground(Color.BLACK);
        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1));
        //四个面板
        Panel p1 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p2 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,1));
        Panel p3 = new Panel(new BorderLayout());
        Panel p4 = new Panel(new GridLayout(2,2));
        //上面ok
        p1.add(new Button("East-1"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p1.add(new Button("West-1"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-1"));
        p2.add(new Button("p2-btn-2"));
        p1.add(p2,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        //下面
        p3.add(new Button("East-2"),BorderLayout.EAST);
        p3.add(new Button("West-2"),BorderLayout.WEST);
        //中间四个
        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
            p4.add(new Button("for-"+i));
        }
        p3.add(p4,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.add(p1);
        frame.add(p3);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

4.2 代码运行结果
在这里插入图片描述

总结:
1. Frame是一个顶级窗口
2. Panel无法单独显示,必须添加到某个容器中
3. 布局管理器
 	1. 流式
  	2. 东西南北中
  	3. 表格
4. 大小,定位,背景颜色,可见性,监听

2.4、事件监听

事件监听:当某个事情发生的时候,干什么?

案例一:

package com.cly.gui;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮的时候触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();
        //因为,addActionListener();需要一个ActionListener,所以我们需要构造一个ActionListener
        MyActionListener myActionListener = new MyActionListener();
        button.addActionListener(myActionListener);
        
        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();//让按钮自适应窗口大小,充满窗口

        windowClose(frame);//关闭窗口
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
        //网络编程:按下按钮的时候会发送一条消息
    //关闭窗口的事件
    private static void windowClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//事件监听
class MyActionListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("aaa");
    }
}

思考:

按钮的监听事件中 new 接口 然后实现匿名内部类 这种方法实现!

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class ActionEvent_ {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //按下按钮的时候触发一些事件
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        Button button = new Button();

        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.out.println("饮茶先!");
            }
        });

        frame.add(button,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

案例二:

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestActionEvent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //两个按钮同时监听一个事件
        //开始-停止
        Frame frame = new Frame("开始-停止");
        Button button1 = new Button("start");
        Button button2 = new Button("stop");

        //此方法可以显式的定义触发会返回的命令,如果不用此方法就会走默认的值
        button2.setActionCommand("button2-stop");

        MyMonitor myMonitor = new MyMonitor();
        button1.addActionListener(myMonitor);
        button2.addActionListener(myMonitor);

        frame.add(button1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(button2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        frame.pack();

        frame.setSize(300,300);

        frame.setLocation(10,10);

        frame.setVisible(true);

        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });


    }
}

class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //e.getActionCommand()获取按钮上的一些信息
        System.out.println("按钮被点击了:msg   "+e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

2.5、输入框TestField

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestText01 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        MyFrame myFrame = new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{

    public MyFrame(){
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        //监听文本框输入的文字
        MyActionListener2 myActionListener2 = new MyActionListener2();
        //按下回车就会触发这个输入框的事件
        textField.addActionListener(myActionListener2);

        //设置输入字符的替换编码
        textField.setEchoChar('*');

        setVisible(true);
        pack();

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        });
    }
}
class MyActionListener2 implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field=(TextField)e.getSource();//获得一些资源,返回了一个对象
        System.out.println(field.getText());//获得输入框中的文本
        field.setText("");
    }
}

2.6、简易计算器,组合+内部类回顾复习!

oop原则:组合,大于继承!

写法一:采用继承的写法

package com.cly.GUI; //加法的GUI计算器

import javax.xml.soap.Text;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    public Calculator(){

        //三个文本框
        TextField num1 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num2 = new TextField(10);
        TextField num3 = new TextField(15);

        //一个按钮
        Button button = new Button("=");

        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(num1,num2,num3));

        //一个标签
        Label label = new Label("+");

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setLocation(10,10);

        setSize(500,300);

        setVisible(true);

        //点击叉 退出程序
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取三个变量
    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListener(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3){
        this.num1=num1;
        this.num2=num2;
        this.num3=num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        //2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
        num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        //3.清除前两个框
        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

采用组合的方法

package com.cly.GUI;

import javax.xml.soap.Text;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //三个文本框
        //一个按钮
        //一个标签
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(15);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener(this));

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setLocation(10,10);

        setSize(500,300);

        setVisible(true);

        //点击叉 退出程序
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        });
    }
}

//监听器类
class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{
    //获取计算器这个对象,在一个类中组合另外一个类
    Calculator calculator=null;
    public MyCalculatorListener(Calculator calculator){
        this.calculator=calculator;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        //1.获得加数和被加数
        //2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
        //3.清除前两个框
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.num2.getText());
        calculator.num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

        calculator.num1.setText("");
        calculator.num2.setText("");
    }
}

采用内部类方法

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

//简易计算器
public class TestCalc {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Calculator().loadFrame();
    }
}

//计算器类
class Calculator extends Frame{

    //属性
    TextField num1,num2,num3;

    //方法
    public void loadFrame(){
        //三个文本框
        //一个按钮
        //一个标签
        num1 = new TextField(10);
        num2 = new TextField(10);
        num3 = new TextField(15);
        Button button = new Button("=");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        button.addActionListener(new MyCalculatorListener());

        //布局
        setLayout(new FlowLayout());

        add(num1);
        add(label);
        add(num2);
        add(button);
        add(num3);

        setLocation(10,10);

        setSize(500,300);

        setVisible(true);

        //点击叉 退出程序
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        });
    }

    //监听器类
    //内部类的最大好处就是能够畅通无阻的访问外部类的属性和方法!
    private class MyCalculatorListener implements ActionListener{

        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            //1.获得加数和被加数
            //2.将这个值 + 法运算后,放到第三个框
            //3.清除前两个框
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());
            num3.setText(""+(n1+n2));

            num1.setText("");
            num2.setText("");
        }
    }
}

2.7、画笔paint

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPaint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyPaint().loadFrame();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame{

    public void loadFrame(){
        setLocation(50,50);
        setSize(200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(1);
            }
        });
    }


    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        super.paint(g);

        g.setColor(Color.RED);
        g.drawRect(100,100,100,100);//养成画笔用完把它还原成原来的颜色
    }
}

2.8、鼠标监听

目的:实现鼠标画画!

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

//鼠标监听事件
public class TestMouesListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame1("画图");


    }
}

//自己的类
class MyFrame1 extends Frame{
    //画画需要画笔,需要监听鼠标当前的位置,需要集合来存储这个点
    ArrayList points;

    public MyFrame1(String title){
        super(title);
        setBounds(200,200,400,300);

        //存鼠标点击的点
        points=new ArrayList<>();

        setVisible(true);
        //鼠标监听器,针对的是这个窗口
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListener());

        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        //画画,监听鼠标的事件
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();
        while (iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point=(Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            g.fillOval(point.x, point.y,10,10);
        }
    }

    //添加一个点到界面上
    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    //由于重写所有的方法会显的代码冗余,所以采用适配器模式
    private class MyMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
        //鼠标 按压,长按,弹起

        @Override//点击
        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
            super.mouseClicked(e);
        }

        @Override//按压
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
            MyFrame1 myFrame1 = (MyFrame1)e.getSource();
            //这里我们点击的时候,就会在界面上产生一个点
            //这个点就是鼠标的点
            myFrame1.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));

            //每次点击鼠标都需要重新画一遍
            myFrame1.repaint();
        }
    }
}

内在关系:
在这里插入图片描述

2.9、窗口监听

package com.cly.GUI;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestWindows {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new WindowsFrame();
    }
}

class WindowsFrame extends Frame{
    public WindowsFrame(){
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(10,10,300,200);
        setVisible(true);
        //这个地方通过实现自己创建的内部类,也可以实现匿名内部类的方式实现
        addWindowListener(new MyWindowsFrame());
    }
    class MyWindowsFrame extends WindowAdapter{
        @Override
        public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
            System.exit(0);//0 是正常退出,1 是非正常退出
        }
    }
}

2.10、键盘监听

package com.cly.GUI;

import javafx.scene.input.KeyCode;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestKeyListener {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyKeyListener();
    }
}

class MyKeyListener extends Frame{

    public MyKeyListener(){
        setBounds(10,10,300,300);
        setBackground(Color.cyan);
        setVisible(true);

        addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            //键盘按下
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //键盘按下的是哪一个键,当前码
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_A){
                    System.out.println("你按下了A");
                }else if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按下了上键");
                }
            }
        });


        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }

}

3、Swing

3.1、窗口、面板

JFrameDemo.java

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JFrameDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //建立一个窗口
        new JFrameDemo().init();
    }

    //init();初始化
    public void init(){
        //顶级窗口
        JFrame jFrame = new JFrame("这是一个JFrame窗口");
        jFrame.setBounds(10,10,300,300);
        jFrame.setBackground(Color.gray);
        jFrame.setVisible(true);

        //设置文字Jlabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ありがとうございます。");

        jFrame.add(jLabel);

        //关闭事件
        jFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


}

JFrameDemo02.java

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class JFrameDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyJFrame2().init();
    }
}

class MyJFrame2 extends JFrame{

    public void init(){
        //获得一个容器
        Container container=this.getContentPane();
        container.setBackground(Color.yellow);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);

        //设置文字Jlabel
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ありがとうございます。");
        add(jLabel);

        //让我们的文本居中
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        setVisible(true);
        
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

3.2、弹窗

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

//主窗口
public class DialogDemo extends JFrame {

    //初始化 该方法也可以用 DialogDemo设置成构造方法的那种样式
    public void init(){
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setBackground(Color.gray);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        //JFrame 放东西,容器
        Container container = this.getContentPane();

        //绝对布局
        container.setLayout(null);//设置为绝对定位

        //按钮
        JButton button = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");//创建对象
        button.setBounds(30,30,200,200);

        //点击按钮,弹出一个弹窗
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {//监听器
            @Override
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                //弹窗
                new MyDialogDemo();
            }
        });

        container.add(button);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DialogDemo().init();
    }
}

//弹窗的窗口
class MyDialogDemo extends JDialog{
    public MyDialogDemo() {
        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);

        //弹窗是可以关掉的,不用设置此方法了
        //setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

        Container container = this.getContentPane();//容器里添加组件
        container.setLayout(null);//设置为绝对定位

        container.add(new Label("秦老师带你学java"));
    }
}

label没有弹出

3.3、标签

label

new Label("文字");

图标ICON

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

//图标,需要实现类,Frame继承
public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {
    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo(){}//无参构造

    public IconDemo(int width,int height){
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        //图标放在标签上,也可以放在按钮上等
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontest", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(label);

        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }

    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }
}

图片Icon

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class ImageIconDemo extends JFrame {

    public ImageIconDemo(){
        //获取图片地址
        JLabel jLabel = new JLabel("ImageIconDemo");
        URL url = ImageIconDemo.class.getResource("泰罗.jpg");

        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);
        jLabel.setIcon(imageIcon);
        jLabel.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container container = getContentPane();
        container.add(jLabel);
        setBounds(20,20,800,800);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ImageIconDemo();
    }
}

3.3、面板

JPanel

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;import javax.swing.*;import java.awt.*;public class TestJPanel extends JFrame {    public TestJPanel(){        Container container = getContentPane();        container.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));//后两个参数就是间距的意思        JPanel jPanel = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,3));        JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1,2));        JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2,1));        JPanel jPanel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(3,2));        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));        jPanel.add(new JButton("1"));        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));        jPanel2.add(new JButton("2"));        jPanel3.add(new JButton("3"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        jPanel4.add(new JButton("4"));        container.add(jPanel);        container.add(jPanel2);        container.add(jPanel3);        container.add(jPanel4);        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);        setBounds(10,10,200,200);        setVisible(true);    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new TestJPanel();    }}//这个是怎么装这么多的

JScrollPanel

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习Java!");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);

        container.add(jScrollPane);

        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(10,10,300,300);
        setVisible(true);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

3.4、按钮

图片按钮:

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtonDemo01 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo01(){
        //用JFrame要先获得一个容器
        Container container = getContentPane();
        //将一个图片变为图标
        URL resource = JButtonDemo01.class.getResource("泰罗.jpg");
        ImageIcon icon = new ImageIcon(resource);

        //把这个图标放在按钮上
        JButton button = new JButton();
        button.setIcon(icon);
        button.setToolTipText("图片按钮");

        //add
        container.add(button);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo01();
    }
}

单选按钮

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo02 extends JFrame {
    public JButtonDemo02(){
        //用JFrame要先获得一个容器
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //单选框
        JRadioButton radioButton1 = new JRadioButton("单选框1");
        JRadioButton radioButton2 = new JRadioButton("单选框2");
        JRadioButton radioButton3 = new JRadioButton("单选框3");

        //由于单选框只能选择一个,分组,一个组中只能选择一个
        //如果把分组干掉就变成多选了,但是复选框不叫 radioButton 所以看下面的
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton1);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton2);
        buttonGroup.add(radioButton3);

        
        container.add(radioButton1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(radioButton2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(radioButton3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo02();
    }
}

复选按钮

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JButtonDemo03 extends JFrame {

    public JButtonDemo03(){
        //用JFrame要先获得一个容器
        Container container = getContentPane();

        JCheckBox jCheckBox1 = new JCheckBox("checkbox1");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox2 = new JCheckBox("checkbox2");
        JCheckBox jCheckBox3 = new JCheckBox("checkbox3");

        container.add(jCheckBox1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(jCheckBox2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(jCheckBox3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);


        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtonDemo03();
    }
}

3.6、列表

下拉框

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class DropDownBox01 extends JFrame {

    public DropDownBox01(){
        //用JFrame要先获得一个容器
        Container container = getContentPane();


        JComboBox<Object> status = new JComboBox<>();
        status.addItem(null);
        status.addItem("正在上映");
        status.addItem("已下架");
        status.addItem("即将上映");

        container.add(status);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new DropDownBox01();
    }
}

列表框

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class ListViewBox extends JFrame {

    public ListViewBox(){
        //用JFrame要先获得一个容器
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //生成列表内容
        String[] contents={"1","2","3","4","5"};
        //列表中放入内容
        JList jList = new JList(contents);

        container.add(jList);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new ListViewBox();
    }
}

3.7、文本框

文本框

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class TextDemo01 extends JFrame{
    public TextDemo01(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        TextField field1 = new TextField("打工人");
        TextField field2 = new TextField("打工魂");
        TextField field3 = new TextField("打工都是人上人!");

        container.add(field1,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        container.add(field2,BorderLayout.CENTER);
        container.add(field3,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo01();
    }
}

密码框

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javafx.scene.control.PasswordField;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.PasswordAuthentication;

public class TextDemo02 extends JFrame {

    public TextDemo02(){
        Container container=getContentPane();

        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();//密码框
        passwordField.setEchoChar('*');

        container.add(passwordField);

        setVisible(true);
        setBounds(10,10,200,200);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextDemo02();
    }
}

文本域

package com.cly.GUI.Swing;

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JScrollDemo extends JFrame {
    public JScrollDemo(){
        Container container = getContentPane();

        //文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 50);
        jTextArea.setText("欢迎学习Java!");

        //Scroll面板
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);

        container.add(jScrollPane);

        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(10,10,300,300);
        setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JScrollDemo();
    }
}

4、总结

在这里插入图片描述

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