安装 Redis,熟悉 Redis 的命令以及整合Redis,在Spring 中使用Redis。
Redis 内置了 16 个库,索引是 0-15 ,默认选择第 0 个
Redis 的常用命令:
// 切换到第 1 个库 select 1 // 刷新一个库 flushdb // 查看这个数据库里面有哪些key Keys * String 类型数据的操作: // 设置key的值 set k1 1 // 获得key的值 get k1 // 删除key的值 del k1 // 对key值自增自减 incr k1 decr k1 hash 类型数据的操作: // 设置key的值 格式是:hset hash的key 项的key 项的值 例如:hset myhash id 1 // 设置多对key值 格式是:hmset hash的key 项的key 项的值 例如:hmset myhash id 1 name xixi // 获取key的值 格式是:hget hash的key 项的key 例如:hget myhash id // 获取多对key的值 格式是:hmget hash的key 项的key 例如:hmget myhash id name // 获取该key下所有的值 格式是:hgetall hash的key 例如:hgetall myhash // 如果项不存在则赋值,存在时什么都不做 格式是:hsetnx Hash的key 项的key 项的值 例如:hsetnx myhash address earth // 判断键值是否存在 格式是:hexists hash的key 项的key 例如:hexists myhash id
Spring 引入 Redis
首先要在 pom.xml 引入依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency>
然后需要对 Redis 进行配置,要在配置文件 application.properties 里面配置数据库的参数。
# RedisProperties spring.redis.database=11 spring.redis.host=localhost spring.redis.port=6379
然后要编写配置类来构造RedisTemplate。其实呢SpringBoot 也对Redis进行了配置RedisTemplate,但是由于Redis是一个key-value的数据库,它在做的时候把key配置成了Object类型,但是由于我们一般都用String,所以重新配置一下。
package com.nowcoder.community.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer; @Configuration public class RedisConfig { // 我们要通过 Template 访问数据库,那么它要想具备访问数据库的能力就要能创建连接,而连接又是由连接工厂创建的,所以要把连接工厂注入进来 @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); // 使得Template有访问数据库的能力 template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); // 设置key的序列化的方式 template.setKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string()); // 设置value的序列化方式 template.setValueSerializer(RedisSerializer.json()); // 设置hash的key的序列化的方式 template.setHashKeySerializer(RedisSerializer.string()); // 设置hash的value的序列化的方式 template.setHashValueSerializer(RedisSerializer.json()); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; } }
然后访问数据的时候就是以下用法:
redisTemplate.opsForValue(); // 访问String redisTemplate.opsForHash(); // 访问Hash redisTemplate.opsForList(); // 访问List redisTemplate.opsForSet(); // 访问Set redisTemplate.opsForZSet(); // 访问ZSet
现在就可以通过 RedisTemplate 来访问Redis数据库,来添加删除数据。
package com.nowcoder.community; import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect; import org.junit.Test; import org.junit.runner.RunWith; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.BoundValueOperations; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisOperations; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.SessionCallback; import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration; import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; @RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest @ContextConfiguration(classes = CommunityApplication.class) public class RedisTests { @Autowired private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; @Test public void testStrings() { String redisKey = "test:count"; redisTemplate.opsForValue().set(redisKey, 1); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().increment(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement(redisKey)); } @Test public void testHashes() { String redisKey = "test:user"; redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(redisKey, "id", 1); redisTemplate.opsForHash().put(redisKey, "username", "zhangsan"); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(redisKey, "id")); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForHash().get(redisKey, "username")); } @Test public void testLists() { String redisKey = "test:ids"; redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 101); redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 102); redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPush(redisKey, 103); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().size(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().index(redisKey, 0)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().range(redisKey, 0, 2)); // 从左边弹出,左边leftpop,右边rightpop System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForList().leftPop(redisKey)); } @Test public void testSets() { String redisKey = "test:teachers"; redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "刘备", "关羽", "张飞", "赵云", "诸葛亮"); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().size(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().pop(redisKey)); System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForSet().members(redisKey)); } @Test public void testSortedSets() { String redisKey = "test:students"; redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "唐僧", 80); redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "悟空", 90); redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "八戒", 50); redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "沙僧", 70); redisTemplate.opsForZSet().add(redisKey, "白龙马", 60); // 统计数据 System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().zCard(redisKey)); // 查询某个人的分数 System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().score(redisKey, "八戒")); // 查询排名,默认从小到大 System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRank(redisKey, "八戒")); // 查询区间排名数据 System.out.println(redisTemplate.opsForZSet().reverseRange(redisKey, 0, 2)); } @Test public void testKeys() { redisTemplate.delete("test:user"); System.out.println(redisTemplate.hasKey("test:user")); redisTemplate.expire("test:students", 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } // 多次访问同一个key @Test public void testBoundOperations() { String redisKey = "test:count"; BoundValueOperations operations = redisTemplate.boundValueOps(redisKey); operations.increment(); operations.increment(); operations.increment(); operations.increment(); operations.increment(); System.out.println(operations.get()); } // Redis编程式事务,并不一定满足我们之前说过的事务,因为不是关系型数据库 @Test public void testTransactional() { Object obj = redisTemplate.execute(new SessionCallback() { @Override public Object execute(RedisOperations operations) throws DataAccessException { String redisKey = "test:tx"; // 启用事务 operations.multi(); operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "zhangsan"); operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "lisi"); operations.opsForSet().add(redisKey, "wangwu"); System.out.println(operations.opsForSet().members(redisKey)); // 提交事务 return operations.exec(); } }); System.out.println(obj); } }