一:什么是浅拷贝和深拷贝
浅拷贝:原型对象的成员变量是值类型,将复制一份给克隆对象;如果原型对象的成员变量是引用类型,则将引用对象的地址复制一份给克隆对象,也就是说原型对象和克隆对象的成员变量指向相同的内存地址。也就是说:在浅拷贝中,当对象被复制时只复制它本身和其中包含的值类型的成员变量,而引用类型的成员对象(赋值的只是对象的地址)并没有复制。
深拷贝:无论原型对象的成员变量是值类型还是引用类型,都将复制一份给克隆对象,深克隆将原型对象的所有引用对象也复制一份给克隆对象。也就是说:在深克隆中,除了对象本身被复制外,对象所包含的所有成员变量也将复制。
实现对象克隆有两种方式:
实现Cloneable接口并重写Object类中的clone()方法。
实现Serializable接口,通过对象的序列化和反序列化实现克隆,可以实现真正的深度克隆。
二:浅拷贝
浅拷贝只需要实现Cloneable,在需要克隆的地方调用clone方法即可,实现起来比较简单。
public class Inner implements Cloneable { }
public class Outer implements Cloneable { private Inner inner; public Outer(Inner inner) { this.inner = inner; } public Inner getInner() { return inner; } }
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Inner inner = new Inner(); Outer outer = new Outer(inner); try { Outer cloneOuter = (Outer) outer.clone(); System.out.println("Outer:" + outer + " cloneOuter:" + cloneOuter); System.out.println("Inner:" + outer.getInner() + " cloneInner:" + cloneOuter.getInner()); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
输出:
Outer:Outer@4554617c cloneOuter:Outer@74a14482
Inner:Inner@1540e19d cloneInner:Inner@1540e19d
从输出结果可以看出,浅拷贝只是对当前对象Outer创建了一个新的对象,里面的引用类型Inner还是原对象的地址,并没有重新创建一个对象。
三:深拷贝
在Java语言中,如果需要实现深克隆,可以通过覆盖Object类的clone()方法实现,也可以通过序列化(Serialization)等方式来实现。
深拷贝实现方式一:通过覆盖Object的clone方法实现
此种方法通过重写Object中的clone方法,并在其内部又对引用类型拷贝来实现的深拷贝,如果引用类型里面还包含很多引用类型,或者内层引用类型的类里面又包含引用类型,使用clone方法就会很麻烦。
public class Inner implements Cloneable { @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { return super.clone(); } } public class Outer implements Cloneable { private Inner inner; public Outer(Inner inner) { this.inner = inner; } @Override protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException { Outer outer = (Outer) super.clone(); outer.inner = (Inner) outer.inner.clone(); return outer; } public Inner getInner() { return inner; } }
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { Inner inner = new Inner(); Outer outer = new Outer(inner); try { Outer cloneOuter = (Outer) outer.clone(); System.out.println("Outer:" + outer + " cloneOuter:" + cloneOuter); System.out.println("Inner:" + outer.getInner() + " cloneInner:" + cloneOuter.getInner()); } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
运行输出:
Outer:Outer@4554617c cloneOuter:Outer@74a14482
Inner:Inner@1540e19d cloneInner:Inner@677327b6
深拷贝实现方式二:通过序列化方式实现
如果引用类型里面还包含很多引用类型,或者内层引用类型的类里面又包含引用类型,使用clone方法就会很麻烦。这时我们可以用序列化的方式来实现对象的深克隆。
public class Inner implements Serializable { } public class Outer implements Serializable { private Inner inner; public Outer(Inner inner) { this.inner = inner; } public Inner getInner() { return inner; } }
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { Inner inner = new Inner(); Outer outer = new Outer(inner); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(outer); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); Outer streamOuter = (Outer) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("Outer:" + outer + " streamOuter:" + streamOuter); System.out.println("Inner:" + outer.getInner() + " streamInner:" + streamOuter.getInner()); } }
运行输出:
Outer:Outer@6d6f6e28 streamOuter:Outer@4b67cf4d
Inner:Inner@135fbaa4 streamInner:Inner@7ea987ac
浅拷贝只要实现clone接口,深拷贝则是实现clone接口并且重写clone方法,或者实现序列化接口实现。
一:关于异常
JAVA异常是在java程序运行的时候遇到非正常的情况而创建的对,它封装了异常信息。java异常的根类为java.lang.Throwable,整个类有两个直接子类java.lang.Error和java.lang.Exception。
Error是程序本身无法恢复的严重错误,一般是虚拟机或者系统运行出现错误,和程序无关。Exception则表示可以被程序捕获并处理的异常错误。
JVM用方法调用栈来跟踪每个线程中一系列的方法调用过程,栈是线程私有的,每一个线程都有一个独立的方法调用栈,该栈保存了每个调用方法的信息。当一个新方法被调用的时候,JVM会把描述该方法的栈结构置入栈顶,位于栈顶的方法为正在执行的方法。当一个JAVA方法正常执行完毕,JVM会从调用栈中弹出该方法的栈结构,然后继续处理前一个方法。如果java方法在执行代码的过程中抛出异常,JVM必须找到能捕获异常的catch块代码,它首先查看当前方法是否存在这样的catch代码块,如果存在就执行该 catch代码块,否则JVM会调用栈中弹处该方法的栈结构,继续到前一个方法中查找合适的catch代码块。最后如果JVM向上追到了当前线程调用的第一个方法(如果是主线程就是main方法),仍然没有找到该异常处理的代码块,该线程就会异常终止。如果该线程是主线程,应用程序也随之终止,此时JVM将把异常直接抛给用户,在用户终端上会看到原始的异常信息。
Throwable
Java异常体系中根类,有两个重要的子类:Exception(异常)和 Error(错误),二者都是 Java 异常处理的重要子类,各自都包含大量子类。
Error(错误)
是程序无法处理的错误,表示运行应用程序中较严重问题。大多数错误与代码编写者执行的操作无关,而表示代码运行时 JVM(Java 虚拟机)出现的问题。例如,Java虚拟机运行错误(Virtual MachineError),当 JVM 不再有继续执行操作所需的内存资源时,将出现 OutOfMemoryError。这些异常发生时,Java虚拟机(JVM)一般会选择线程终止。
Exception(异常)
是由于程序本身引起的异常,分为受检查异常和Runtime异常,RuntimeException直接继承于Exception,本身以及其子类异常均表示提前无法预知的异常。除了RuntimeException及其子类,剩余的都是受检查异常,编译器在编译期强制我们添加try catch去捕获,否则编译不通过。
private transient Object backtrace; //异常信息 private String detailMessage; //当前异常是由哪个Throwable所引起的 private Throwable cause = this; //引起异常的堆栈跟踪信息 private StackTraceElement[] stackTrace = UNASSIGNED_STACK;
backtrace:这个变量由native方法赋值,用来保存栈信息的轨迹
detailMessage:这个变量是描述异常信息,比如new Myexception(“My Exception”),记录的就是我们传进去的描述此异常的描述信息 My Exception。
cause :记录当前异常是由哪个异常所引起的,默认是this,可通过构造器自定义。可以通过initCase方法进行修改
public synchronized Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) { if (this.cause != this) throw new IllegalStateException("Can't overwrite cause with " + Objects.toString(cause, "a null"), this); if (cause == this) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Self-causation not permitted", this); this.cause = cause; return this; }
可以看到case只能被修改一次,当发现当前case已经被修改,则会抛出IllegalStateException。默认case=this,如果再次修改case为this也是不允许的。
case一般这样使用
try { Integer.valueOf("a"); }catch (NumberFormatException e){ throw new MyException(e); }
public final class StackTraceElement implements java.io.Serializable { private String declaringClass; private String methodName; private String fileName; private int lineNumber; }
public Throwable() { fillInStackTrace(); } public Throwable(String message) { fillInStackTrace(); detailMessage = message; } public Throwable(String message, Throwable cause) { fillInStackTrace(); detailMessage = message; this.cause = cause; } public Throwable(Throwable cause) { fillInStackTrace(); detailMessage = (cause==null ? null : cause.toString()); this.cause = cause; } protected Throwable(String message, Throwable cause, boolean enableSuppression, boolean writableStackTrace) { if (writableStackTrace) { fillInStackTrace(); } else { stackTrace = null; } detailMessage = message; this.cause = cause; if (!enableSuppression) suppressedExceptions = null; }
Throwable提供了4个public构造器和1个protected构造器(该构造器由JDK1.7引入)。4个public构造器共同点就是都调用了fillInStackTrace方法。
public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() { if (stackTrace != null || backtrace != null /* Out of protocol state */ ) { fillInStackTrace(0); stackTrace = UNASSIGNED_STACK; } return this; } private native Throwable fillInStackTrace(int dummy);
fillInStackTrace会首先判断stackTrace是不是为null,如果不为null则会调用native方法fillInStackTrace将当前线程的栈帧信息记录到此Throwable中。那么什么时候为null呢,答案是上面的protected构造器可以指定writableStackTrace为false,这样stackTrace就为null了,就不会调用fillInStackTrace获取堆栈信息。
fillInStackTrace将当前线程的栈帧信息记录到此Throwable中为了理解我们来看一个例子
正常情况下我们抛出RuntimeException,异常打印是带有异常堆栈信息的
public class MyException extends RuntimeException { public static void method1(){ System.out.println("method1"); method2(); } public static void method2(){ System.out.println("method2"); method3(); } public static void method3(){ System.out.println("method3"); method4(); } public static void method4(){ throw new MyException(); } public static void main(String[] args) { method1(); } }
运行结果:
method1 method2 method3 Exception in thread "main" MyException at MyException.method4(MyException.java:20) at MyException.method3(MyException.java:17) at MyException.method2(MyException.java:13) at MyException.method1(MyException.java:9) at MyException.main(MyException.java:24)
我们来重写fillInStackTrace方法,来看一下运行结果
public class MyException extends RuntimeException { @Override public synchronized Throwable fillInStackTrace() { return this; } public static void method1(){ System.out.println("method1"); method2(); } public static void method2(){ System.out.println("method2"); method3(); } public static void method3(){ System.out.println("method3"); method4(); } public static void method4(){ throw new MyException(); } public static void main(String[] args) { method1(); } }
输出:
method1 method2 method3 Exception in thread "main" MyException
从例子可以看到fillInStackTrace作用是将当前线程的栈帧信息记录到此Throwable中。
public final synchronized void addSuppressed(Throwable exception) { if (exception == this) throw new IllegalArgumentException(SELF_SUPPRESSION_MESSAGE, exception); if (exception == null) throw new NullPointerException(NULL_CAUSE_MESSAGE); if (suppressedExceptions == null) // Suppressed exceptions not recorded return; if (suppressedExceptions == SUPPRESSED_SENTINEL) suppressedExceptions = new ArrayList<>(1); suppressedExceptions.add(exception); } public final synchronized Throwable[] getSuppressed() { if (suppressedExceptions == SUPPRESSED_SENTINEL || suppressedExceptions == null) return EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY; else return suppressedExceptions.toArray(EMPTY_THROWABLE_ARRAY); }
如果try中抛出了异常,在执行流程转移到方法栈上一层之前,finally语句块会执行,但是,如果在finally语句块中又抛出了一个异常,那么这个异常会覆盖掉之前抛出的异常,这点很像finally中return的覆盖。比如下面这个例子:
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Integer.valueOf("one"); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { throw new RuntimeException("One", e); } finally { try { Integer.valueOf("two"); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Two", e); } } } }
输出:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Two at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:12) Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "two" at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at java.lang.Integer.valueOf(Integer.java:766) at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:10)
Throwable对象提供了addSupperssed和getSupperssed方法,允许把finally语句块中产生的异常通过addSupperssed方法添加到try语句产生的异常中。
public class MyTest { public static void main(String[] args) { RuntimeException exception1 = null; try { Integer.valueOf("one"); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { exception1 = new RuntimeException("One", e); throw exception1; } finally { try { Integer.valueOf("two"); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { RuntimeException exception2 = new RuntimeException("Two", e); exception1.addSuppressed(exception2); throw exception1; } } } }
输出:
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: One at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:8) Suppressed: java.lang.RuntimeException: Two at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:14) Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "two" at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at java.lang.Integer.valueOf(Integer.java:766) at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:12) Caused by: java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: "one" at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65) at java.lang.Integer.parseInt(Integer.java:580) at java.lang.Integer.valueOf(Integer.java:766) at MyTest.main(MyTest.java:6)
printStackTrace()方法分四个方面打印出当前异常信息
public void printStackTrace() { printStackTrace(System.err); } private void printStackTrace(PrintStreamOrWriter s) { // Guard against malicious overrides of Throwable.equals by // using a Set with identity equality semantics. Set<Throwable> dejaVu = Collections.newSetFromMap(new IdentityHashMap<Throwable, Boolean>()); dejaVu.add(this); synchronized (s.lock()) { // 打印当前异常的详细信息 s.println(this); // 打印当前堆栈中的栈帧信息 StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace(); for (StackTraceElement traceElement : trace) s.println("\tat " + traceElement); // 打印suppressed exceptions for (Throwable se : getSuppressed()) se.printEnclosedStackTrace(s, trace, SUPPRESSED_CAPTION, "\t", dejaVu); // 递归打印出引起当前异常的异常信息 Throwable ourCause = getCause(); if (ourCause != null) ourCause.printEnclosedStackTrace(s, trace, CAUSE_CAPTION, "", dejaVu); } }
一:什么是序列化
序列化是将Java对象相关的类信息、属性、属性值等信息以一定的格式转换为字节流,反序列化时再将字节流表示的信息来构建出Java对象。过程中涉及到其它对象的引用对象也要参与序列化。
二:序列化的应用场景
永久性保存对象,保存对象的字节序列到本地文件或者数据库中。
通过序列化以字节流的形式使对象在网络中进行传递和接收。
通过序列化在进程间传递对象。
三:序列化的实现方式
Java中实现序列化的方式有两种:1、实现Serializable接口。2、实现Externalizable接口。
1、实现Serializable接口
public class People implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; public People(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People("bobo", 26); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge()); } }
运行输出:name:bobo age:26
2、实现Externalizable接口
用Externalizable接口实现序列化时需要注意两点:
必须要提供公有的无参构造函数,否则会报InvalidClassException。
必须要在writeExternal和readExternal中自己去实现序列化过程。
public class People implements Externalizable { private String name; private int age; public People() { } public People(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } @Override public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException { out.writeObject(name); out.writeInt(age); } @Override public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { name = (String) in.readObject(); age = in.readInt(); } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People("bobo", 26); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge()); } }
运行输出:name:bobo age:26
四:序列化核心点
1、serialVersionUID的作用
在序列化操作时,经常会看到实现了Serializable接口的类会存在一个serialVersionUID属性,并且它是一个固定数值的静态变量。它主要用于验证版本的一致性。每个实现Serializable接口的类都拥有这么一个ID,在序列化的时候会一起被写入流中。在反序列化的时候就会被拿出来跟当前类的serialVersionUID值进行比较,两者相同则说明版本一致,可以反序列化成功,如果不通则反序列化失败。
两种serialVersionUID方式:
自己定义,比如比如:private static final long serialVersionUID = 1234567L。
如果没定义,JDK会帮我们生成,生成规则是利用类名、类修饰符、接口名、字段、静态初始化信息、构造函数信息、方法名、方法修饰符、方法签名等组成的信息,经过SHA算法生成serialVersionUID 值。
2、Transient 关键字作用
Transient 关键字的作用是控制变量的序列化,在变量声明前加上该关键字,可以阻止该变量被序列化到流中,在被反序列化后,transient 变量的值被设为初始值,如 int 型的是 0,对象型的是 null。
public class People implements Serializable { private transient String name; private transient int age; public People(String name, int age) { this.name = name; this.age = age; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People("bobo", 26); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge()); } }
运行输出:name:null age:0
3、静态变量不会被序列化
这个也很好理解,我们序列化是针对对象的,而静态变量是属于类的。下面看一个例子:
public class People implements Serializable { private static int age = 10; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People(); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); age = 26;//改变静态变量的值 ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println(" age:" + age); } }
运行输出:age:26,age的值改变了,证明age是没有被序列化的。
4、父类的序列化
如果一个子类实现了Serializable 接口而父类没有实现该接口,则在序列化子类时,子类的属性状态会被写入而父类的属性状态不会被写入。所以如果想要父类属性状态也一起参与序列化,就要让它也实现Serializable 接口。
如果父类未实现Serializable 接口则反序列化生成的对象会再次调用父类的构造函数,以此来完成对父类的初始化,所以父类的属性初始值一般都是类型的默认值。
public class Animal { protected int num; protected String color; public int getNum() { return num; } public String getColor() { return color; } } public class People extends Animal implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; public People(String name, int age, int num, String color) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.num = num; this.color = color; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People("bobo", 26,10,"red"); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge()); System.out.println("num:" + serialPeople.getNum() + " color:" + serialPeople.getColor()); } }
运行输出:
name:bobo age:26 num:0 color:null
5、被引用的类没有实现Serializable 接口则序列化不成功
序列化对象里面包含的任何引用类型的对象的类都要实现Serializable 接口,否则抛出java.io.NotSerializableException
public class Brother { protected int num; protected String color; public Brother(int num, String color) { this.num = num; this.color = color; } public int getNum() { return num; } public String getColor() { return color; } }
public class People implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; private Brother brother; public People(String name, int age, Brother brother) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.brother = brother; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { Brother brother = new Brother(2, "red"); People people = new People("bobo", 26, brother); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge() + " brother:" + brother); } }
运行输出:
Exception in thread "main" java.io.NotSerializableException: Brother at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1184) at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.defaultWriteFields(ObjectOutputStream.java:1548) at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeSerialData(ObjectOutputStream.java:1509) at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeOrdinaryObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:1432) at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject0(ObjectOutputStream.java:1178) at java.io.ObjectOutputStream.writeObject(ObjectOutputStream.java:348) at People.main(People.java:23)
6、自定义序列化过程
如果默认的序列化过程不能满足需求,我们也可以自定义整个序列化过程。这时候我们只需要在需要序列化的类中定义私有的writeObject方法和readObject方法即可。
public class People implements Serializable { private String name; private int age; private transient String color; public People(String name, int age, String color) { this.name = name; this.age = age; this.color = color; } public String getName() { return name; } public int getAge() { return age; } public String getColor() { return color; } private void readObject(ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { s.defaultReadObject();//默认序列化过程 color = (String) s.readObject(); } private void writeObject(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException { s.defaultWriteObject();//默认序列化过程 s.writeObject(color); } public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException { People people = new People("bobo", 26, "red"); ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); ObjectOutputStream objectOutputStream = new ObjectOutputStream(byteArrayOutputStream); objectOutputStream.writeObject(people); ByteArrayInputStream byteArrayInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray()); ObjectInputStream objectInputStream = new ObjectInputStream(byteArrayInputStream); People serialPeople = (People) objectInputStream.readObject(); System.out.println("name:" + serialPeople.getName() + " age:" + serialPeople.getAge() + " color:" + serialPeople.getColor()); } }
运行输出:
name:bobo age:26 color:red
在color属性前加了transient 关键字,意思是不让color实现序列化,但是下面又自定义序列化过程在writeObject和readObject里面实现color的序列化,所以color属性是实现了序列化的。
7、为什么实现readObject()方法和writeObject()方法就可以自定义序列化过程?
readObject()和writeObject() 既不存在于java.lang.Object,也没有在Serializable中声明。那么ObjectOutputStream如何使用它们的呢?原来,ObjectOutputStream使用了反射来寻找是否声明了这两个方法。因为ObjectOutputStream使用getPrivateMethod,所以这些方法不得不被声明为private以至于供ObjectOutputStream来使用。
下面我们以ObjectInputStream来源码分析一下:
ObjectInputStream的readObject()方法—>调用到readObject0(boolean unshared)方法—>readOrdinaryObject(boolean unshared)方法—>readSerialData(Object obj, ObjectStreamClass desc)方法---->ObjectStreamClass类的invokeReadObject(Object obj, ObjectInputStream in)方法:
void invokeReadObject(Object obj, ObjectInputStream in) throws ClassNotFoundException, IOException, UnsupportedOperationException { if (readObjectMethod != null) { try { readObjectMethod.invoke(obj, new Object[]{ in }); } catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { Throwable th = ex.getTargetException(); if (th instanceof ClassNotFoundException) { throw (ClassNotFoundException) th; } else if (th instanceof IOException) { throw (IOException) th; } else { throwMiscException(th); } } catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { // should not occur, as access checks have been suppressed throw new InternalError(ex); } } else { throw new UnsupportedOperationException(); } }
执行readObjectMethod.invoke(obj, new Object[]{ in }),通过反射的方式调用我们类中定义的readObject的私有方法。