Python自动化之pytest常用插件

本文主要是介绍Python自动化之pytest常用插件，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！

1、失败重跑 pytest-rerunfailures

　　安装：pip install pytest-rerunfailures

　　使用：pytest test_class.py --reruns 5 --reruns-delay 1 -vs （失败后重新运行5次，每次间隔1秒）

　　　　　@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns = 5 ,reruns-delay = 1 )　指定某个用例

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b,result', [

(1, 1, 3),

(2, 2, 4),

(100, 100, 200),

(0.1, 0.1, 0.2),

(-1, -1, -2)

], ids=['int', 'int', 'bignum', 'float', 'fushu'])  # 参数化

def test_add(a, b, result):

# cal = Calculator()

assert result == a + b

命令行执行：

pytest test_calc2.py --reruns 5 --reruns-delay 1 -vs

结果如下：

============================================================================= test session starts =============================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collected 5 items                                                                                                                                                             
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] FAILED

test_calc2.py::test_add[int1] PASSED

test_calc2.py::test_add[bignum] PASSED

test_calc2.py::test_add[float] PASSED

test_calc2.py::test_add[fushu] PASSED
================================================================================== FAILURES ===================================================================================

_______________________________________________________________________________ test_add[int0] ________________________________________________________________________________
a = 1, b = 1, result = 3
@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    cal </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> Calculator()

>       assert result == cal.add(a, b)

E       assert 3 == 2

E         +3

E         -2
test_calc2.py:26: AssertionError

=========================================================================== short test summary info ===========================================================================

FAILED test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] - assert 3 == 2

==================================================================== 1 failed, 4 passed, 5 rerun in 5.11s =====================================================================

通过装饰器设置重跑次数与延时时间

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""
import pytest
@pytest.mark.parametrize('a,b,result', [

(1, 1, 3),

(2, 2, 4),

(100, 100, 200),

(0.1, 0.1, 0.2),

(-1, -1, -2)

], ids=['int', 'int', 'bignum', 'float', 'fushu'])  # 参数化
 通过装饰器设置重跑次数
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2)

def test_add(a, b, result):

# cal = Calculator()

assert result == a + b

结果：

Testing started at 10:10 下午 ...
/usr/local/bin/python3.6 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --target test_calc2.py::test_add
Launching pytest with arguments test_calc2.py::test_add in /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest/testcode
============================= test session starts ==============================

platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6

cachedir: .pytest_cache

rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini

plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2

collecting ... collected 5 items
test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] RERUN                                      [ 20%]

test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] FAILED                                     [ 20%]

testcode/test_calc2.py:11 (test_add[int0])
!= 2
Expected :2

Actual   :3

<Click to see difference>
a = 1, b = 1, result = 3
@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 通过装饰器设置重跑次数</span>
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> cal = Calculator()</span>

>       assert result == a + b

E       assert 3 == 2
test_calc2.py:23: AssertionError

PASSED                                     [ 40%]PASSED                                   [ 60%]PASSED                                    [ 80%]PASSED                                    [100%]

Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
test_calc2.py::test_add[int1]

test_calc2.py::test_add[bignum]

test_calc2.py::test_add[float]

test_calc2.py::test_add[fushu]
=================================== FAILURES ===================================

 test_add[int0] 
a = 1, b = 1, result = 3
@pytest.mark.parametrize(</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">a,b,result</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">, [
    (</span>1, 1, 3<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>2, 2, 4<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>100, 100, 200<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>0.1, 0.1, 0.2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">),
    (</span>-1, -1, -2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
], ids</span>=[<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">int</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">bignum</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">float</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>, <span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">fushu</span><span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 0, 1)">'</span>])  <span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 参数化</span>
<span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> 通过装饰器设置重跑次数</span>
@pytest.mark.flaky(reruns=6, reruns_delay=2<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">)
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> test_add(a, b, result):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)">#</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 128, 0, 1)"> cal = Calculator()</span>

>       assert result == a + b

E       assert 3 == 2
test_calc2.py:23: AssertionError

=========================== short test summary info ============================

FAILED test_calc2.py::test_add[int0] - assert 3 == 2

==================== 1 failed, 4 passed, 6 rerun in 12.13s =====================
Process finished with exit code 1
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed

2、多重校验 pytest-assume

　　正常情况下一条用例如果有多条断言，一条断言失败了，其他断言就不会执行了，而使用pytest-assume可以继续执行下面的断言

　　　　安装： pip install pytest-assume

　　　　执行： pytest.assume(1==3)

for example：

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-
"""
@author:chenshifeng
@file:test_calc2.py
@time:2020/09/16
"""
import pytest
def test_assume():

print('登录操作')

pytest.assume(1 == 2)

print('搜索操作')

pytest.assume(2 == 2)

print('加购操作')

pytest.assume(3 == 2)

运行结果：

Testing started at 10:23 下午 ...
/usr/local/bin/python3.6 "/Applications/PyCharm CE.app/Contents/plugins/python-ce/helpers/pycharm/_jb_pytest_runner.py" --target test_calc2.py::test_assume
Launching pytest with arguments test_calc2.py::test_assume in /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest/testcode
============================= test session starts ==============================

platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6

cachedir: .pytest_cache

rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini

plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2

collecting ... collected 1 item
test_calc2.py::test_assume FAILED                                        [100%]登录操作

搜索操作

加购操作
testcode/test_calc2.py:11 (test_assume)

tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span> reraise(tp, value, tb=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">None):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> None:
            value </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tp()
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__traceback__</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">not</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tb:

>               raise value.with_traceback(tb)

E               pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:

E               2 Failed Assumptions:

E

E               test_calc2.py:14: AssumptionFailure

E               >>    pytest.assume(1 == 2)

E               AssertionError: assert False

E

E               test_calc2.py:18: AssumptionFailure

E               >>    pytest.assume(3 == 2)

E               AssertionError: assert False
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
=================================== FAILURES ===================================

 test_assume _
tp = <class 'pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption'>, value = None, tb = None
</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">def</span> reraise(tp, value, tb=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">None):
    </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">try</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)">:
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> None:
            value </span>=<span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tp()
        </span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">if</span> value.<span style="color: rgba(128, 0, 128, 1)">__traceback__</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">is</span> <span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 255, 1)">not</span><span style="color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)"> tb:

>               raise value.with_traceback(tb)

E               pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:

E               2 Failed Assumptions:

E

E               test_calc2.py:14: AssumptionFailure

E               >>    pytest.assume(1 == 2)

E               AssertionError: assert False

E

E               test_calc2.py:18: AssumptionFailure

E               >>    pytest.assume(3 == 2)

E               AssertionError: assert False
/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages/six.py:702: FailedAssumption

----------------------------- Captured stdout call -----------------------------

登录操作

搜索操作

加购操作

=========================== short test summary info 

FAILED test_calc2.py::test_assume - pytest_assume.plugin.FailedAssumption:

== 1 failed in 0.09s ===============================
Process finished with exit code 1
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed
Assertion failed

3、设定执行顺序 pytest-ordering

　　正常情况下，用例默认执行顺序是自上而下的，对于一些有上下文依赖关系的用例，可是通过 pytest-ordering 来设置执行顺序，当然，通过setup、teardown和fixture来解决也是可以的

　　安装插件： pip install pytest-ordering

　　使用方法： @pytest.mark.run(order=2)

　　需要注意的是，当有多个装饰器的时候，可能会发生冲突（比如参数化）

For example, this:

import pytest
@pytest.mark.run(order=2)

def test_foo():

assert True
@pytest.mark.run(order=1)

def test_bar():

assert True

Yields this output:

============================= test session starts ==============================
platform darwin -- Python 3.6.4, pytest-6.0.2, py-1.9.0, pluggy-0.13.1 -- /usr/local/bin/python3.6
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/chenshifeng/MyCode/PythonCode/SFDSZL/test_pytest, configfile: pytest.ini
plugins: rerunfailures-9.1, dependency-0.5.1, ordering-0.6, assume-2.3.2
collecting ... collected 2 items
test_ordering.py::test_bar

test_ordering.py::test_foo
============================== 2 passed in 0.02s ===============================

4、用例依赖（pytest-dependency）

使用该插件可以标记一个testcase作为其他testcase的依赖，当依赖项执行失败时，那些依赖它的test将会被跳过。

安装： pip install pytest-dependency

使用方法：用 @pytest.mark.dependency()对所依赖的方法进行标记，使用@pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["test_name"])引用依赖,test_name可以是多个。

上用例：

import pytest
@pytest.mark.dependency()

def test_01():

assert False
@pytest.mark.dependency(depends=["test_01"])

def test_02():

print("执行测试2")

output：

=========================== short test summary info ============================
FAILED test_ordering.py::test_01 - assert False
========================= 1 failed, 1 skipped in 0.06s =========================
Process finished with exit code 1

5.分布式测试(pytest-xdist)

平常我们功能测试用例非常多时，比如有1千条用例，假设每个用例执行需要1分钟，如果单个测试人员执行需要1000分钟才能跑完
当项目非常紧急时，会需要协调多个测试资源来把任务分成两部分，于是执行时间缩短一半，如果有10个小伙伴，那么执行时间就会变成十分之一，大大节省了测试时间
为了节省项目测试时间，10个测试同时并行测试，这就是一种分布式场景

　分布式执行用例的原则：

- - - 用例之间是独立的，没有依赖关系，完全可以独立运行
    - 用例执行没有顺序要求，随机顺序都能正常执行
    - 每个用例都能重复运行，运行结果不会影响其他用例

　　插件安装：
　　　　　　pip3 install pytest-xdist -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/ --trusted-host pypi.douban.com

　　使用方法：

　　　　　　pytest -n 2 (2代表2个CPU)

　　　　　　pytest -n auto

- 　　n auto：可以自动检测到系统的CPU核数；从测试结果来看，检测到的是逻辑处理器的数量，即假12核
- 　　使用auto等于利用了所有CPU来跑用例，此时CPU占用率会特别高

6.生成报告（pytest-html）

pytest-html是一个插件，pytest用于生成测试结果的HTML报告。兼容Python 2.7,3.6

安装插件： pip install pytest-html

使用方法： pytest --html=report.html

转载自https://www.cnblogs.com/feng0815/p/13682096.html

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