C/C++教程

pkg-config 详解

本文主要是介绍pkg-config 详解,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

http://blog.csdn.net/newchenxf/article/details/51750239

1 什么是pkg-config

pkg-config是一个linux下的命令,用于获得某一个库/模块的所有编译相关的信息。
例子:

pkg-config opencv –libs –cflags

结果:

-I/usr/include/opencv

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_contrib.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_gpu.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_legacy.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ocl.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ts.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so

-lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab

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2 为什么要有pkg-config

从上面的例子,可以看出,pkg-config给出了opencv的头文件和库的所有信息!
这有什么好处

所有用opencv的其他程序,在编译时,只需要写“pkg-config opencv –libs –cflags”,而不需要自己去找opencv的头文件在哪里,要链接的库在哪里!省时省力!
如果你写了一个库,不管是静态的还是动态的,要提供给第三方使用,那除了给人家库/头文件,最好也写一个pc文件,这样别人使用就方便很多,不用自己再手动写依赖了你哪些库,只需要敲一个”pkg-config [YOUR_LIB] –libs –cflags”。

3 pkg-config的信息从哪里来?

很简单,有2种路径:
第一种:取系统的/usr/lib下的所有*.pc文件。
第二种:PKG_CONFIG_PATH环境变量所指向的路径下的所有*.pc文件。

这些pc文件什么时候有的?都是在你安装某个库/模块的时候,添加的。比如你往系统安装opencv时,就会在/usr/lib/目录下,放一个opencv.pc。
比如,我的PC是这样的。你可以看到,有各种各样的pc文件。

chenxf@chenxf-PC:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/pkgconfig$ ls
alsa.pc  cairo-tee.pc fontenc.pc  gl.pc  harfbuzz.pc libdrm_radeon.pc
libswscale.pc  pixman-1.pc x11-xcb.pc xcb-sync.pc xkbcommon.pc xvmc.pc
opencv.pc cairo-xcb.pc freetype2.pc glu.pc ice.pc libfs.pc 
libdrm.pc libraw1394.pc pciaccess.pc xcb-shm.pc
......
 
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那么,pc文件到底写了什么?
打开看看就知道啦。比如opencv.pc。

# Package Information for pkg-config
prefix=/usr
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu
includedir_old=${prefix}/include/opencv
includedir_new=${prefix}/include

Name: OpenCV
Description: Open Source Computer Vision Library
Version: 2.4.8
Libs: -L${libdir} ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so -lopencv_calib3d ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_contrib.so -lopencv_contrib ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so -lopencv_core ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so -lopencv_features2d ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so -lopencv_flann ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_gpu.so -lopencv_gpu ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so -lopencv_highgui ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so -lopencv_imgproc ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_legacy.so -lopencv_legacy ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so -lopencv_ml ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so -lopencv_objdetect ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ocl.so -lopencv_ocl ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so -lopencv_photo ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so -lopencv_stitching ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so -lopencv_superres ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ts.so -lopencv_ts ${exec_prefix}/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so -lopencv_video < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − l i s t " > e x e c p r e f i x < / s p a n > / l i b / x 8 6 6 4 − l i n u x − g n u / l i b o p e n c v v i d e o s t a b . s o − l o p e n c v v i d e o s t a b C f l a g s : − < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − k e y w o r d " > I < / s p a n > <span class="hljs-list">{exec_prefix}</span>/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so -lopencv_videostab Cflags: -<span class="hljs-keyword">I</span> <spanclass="hljs−list">execp​refix</span>/lib/x866​4−linux−gnu/libopencvv​ideostab.so−lopencvv​ideostabCflags:−<spanclass="hljs−keyword">I</span>{includedir_old} -I${includedir_new}

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一目了然,就是存了所有opencv的头文件/库的路径信息。和第一步我们敲的”pkg-config opencv –libs –cflags”的结果,是一样一样的~~~

4 pkg-config都有哪些命令参数

所有参数,可以通过pkg-config –help来查看。
但我觉得其实就3个参数有用。

4.1 “pkg-config [NAME] –cflags”,查看头文件信息。

(注意这里是2个“-”,不知道为啥我原文写2个“-”,生成文章时只有一个。。。囧。。。不管了,反正提醒你一下啦)
例子:

chenxf@chenxf-PC:~$ pkg-config opencv –cflags

结果:

-I/usr/include/opencv
 
 1

4.2 pkg-config [NAME] –libs,查看库信息。

例子:

chenxf@chenxf-PC:~$ pkg-config opencv –libs

结果:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_calib3d.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_contrib.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_core.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_features2d.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_flann.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_gpu.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_highgui.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_imgproc.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_legacy.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ml.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_objdetect.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ocl.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_photo.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_stitching.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_superres.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_ts.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_video.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libopencv_videostab.so -lopencv_calib3d -lopencv_contrib -lopencv_core -lopencv_features2d -lopencv_flann -lopencv_gpu -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lopencv_legacy -lopencv_ml -lopencv_objdetect -lopencv_ocl -lopencv_photo -lopencv_stitching -lopencv_superres -lopencv_ts -lopencv_video -lopencv_videostab
 
 1

4.3 pkg-config –list-all。查看pkg-config的所有模块信息。

例子:

pkg-config –list-all

结果:

libass                         libass - LibASS is an SSA/ASS subtitles rendering library
xext                           Xext - Misc X Extension Library
pthread-stubs                  pthread stubs - Stubs missing from libc for standard pthread functions
videoproto                     VideoProto - Video extension headers
libxdot                        libxdot - Library for parsing graphs in xdot format
gtk+-unix-print-2.0            GTK+ - GTK+ Unix print support
opencv                         OpenCV - Open Source Computer Vision Library
xcb-randr                      XCB RandR - XCB RandR Extension
renderproto                    RenderProto - Render extension headers
xcb-present                    XCB Present - XCB Present Extension
gdk-2.0                        GDK - GTK+ Drawing Kit (x11 target)
libavfilter                    libavfilter - FFmpeg audio/video filtering library
glesv2                         glesv2 - Mesa OpenGL ES 2.0 library
xcursor                        Xcursor - X Cursor Library
libavcodec                     libavcodec - FFmpeg codec library
xi                             Xi - X Input Extension Library
xrandr                         Xrandr - X RandR Library
 
 1234567891011121314151617

5 如何添加自己的pc文件

如上文所说,有2种方式。
1. 把你的pc文件,直接放到/usr/lib/…默认路径下。
2. 把你的pc文件的路径写到PKG_CONFIG_PATH环境变量里。
比如,你可以在/etc/.bashrc或者/home/chenxf/.bashrc的文件末尾添加:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

那么,pkg-config就会到/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig寻找*.pc文件。

我猜你想问,那我这个pc文件何时生效呢?
答案是,如果是/usr/lib下,立马生效!!!如果在环境变量里,只要先source ~/.bashrc一下,让环境变量生成,也立马生效
并不需要什么pkg-config update啥命令,让其更新信息。
其实每次你执行pkg-config,都会去遍历所有的*.pc文件。

6 如何自己写pkg-config的pc文件

其实很简单,只需要拿别人的pc文件改一改就行了。
不过我还是提一下吧。
pc文件的所有参数:

Name: 该模块的名字,比如你的pc名字是xxxx.pc,那么名字最好也是xxxx。
Description: 模块的简单描述。上文pkg-config –list-all命令出来的结果,每个名字后面就是description。
URL: 用户可以通过该URL获得更多信息,或者下载信息。也是辅助的,可要可不要。
Version: 版本号。
Requires: 该模块有木有依赖于其他模块。一般没有。
Requires.private: 该模块有木有依赖于其他模块,并且还不需要第三方知道的。一般也没有。
Conflicts: 有没有和别的模块冲突。常用于版本冲突。比如,Conflicts: bar < 1.2.3,表示和bar模块的1.2.3以下的版本有冲突。
Cflags: 这个就很重要了。pkg-config的参数–cflags就指向这里。主要用于写本模块的头文件的路径。
Libs: 也很重要,pkg-config的参数–libs就指向这里。主要用于写本模块的库/依赖库的路径。
Libs.private: 本模块依赖的库,但不需要第三方知道。

其实必须写的只有5个。Name、Description、Version、Cflags、Libs。

我们举2个例子吧。一个动态库,一个静态库。

例子1 动态库的pc文件

假设我写了libfoo.so,我的库将会被安装到/usr/local/lib/,头文件会放到/usr/local/include/foo。那么,pc文件可以这么写。

prefix=/usr/local
exec_prefix=${
   prefix}
includedir=${
   prefix}/include
libdir=${
   exec_prefix}/lib

Name: foo
Description: The foo library
Version: 1.0.0
Cflags: -I < ! − − − − > < / s p a n > i n c l u d e d i r / f o o < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − c o n s t a n t " > L i b s < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − s y m b o l " > : < / s p a n > − < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − c o n s t a n t " > L < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − v a r i a b l e " > {<!-- --></span>includedir}/foo <span class="hljs-constant">Libs</span><span class="hljs-symbol">:</span> -<span class="hljs-constant">L</span><span class="hljs-variable"> <!−−−−></span>includedir/foo<spanclass="hljs−constant">Libs</span><spanclass="hljs−symbol">:</span>−<spanclass="hljs−constant">L</span><spanclass="hljs−variable">{ libdir} -lfoo

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例子2 静态库的pc文件

正如我的另一博文所说,静态库链接动态库时,如何使用该静态库,如果我有个静态库libXXX.a,它依赖了很多其他动态库libAA.so,libBB.so,那么第三方程序DD.c要使用libXXX.a时,编译时还得链接libAA.so,libBB.so。
如何让第三方程序,可以不用操心我这个libXXX.a到底依赖了什么?很简答,就是我的libXXX.a写一个pc文件。

其实这个问题,就发生在我最近搞的ffmpeg事情上。
我下载了ffmpg,按照guide编译好了。生成了ffmpeg,以及相关的库。

chenxf@chenxf-PC:~/ffmpeg_build/lib$ ls
libavcodec.a  libavdevice.a  libavfilter.a  libavformat.a  libavutil.a  libpostproc.a   libswresample.a  libswscale.a  libx264.a  libx265.a  pkgconfig
 
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当我写了个程序,想使用libavcodec.a,却各种编译错误。

gcc test.c -o test -I/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/include/ -L/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib -lavcodec


/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_sources/ffmpeg/libavcodec/aacdec_template.c:1117:对‘pthread_once’未定义的引用
/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/libavcodec.a(aacdec_fixed.o):在函数‘aac_decode_init’中:
/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_sources/ffmpeg/libavcodec/aacdec_template.c:1117:对‘pthread_once’未定义的引用
/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/libavcodec.a(aacenc.o):在函数‘aac_encode_init’中:
/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_sources/ffmpeg/libavcodec/aacenc.c:1039:对‘pthread_once’未定义的引用

我当时还百思不得其解,为何用编译好了的libavcodec.a,第三方的程序,还会跟什么pthread有关!!!
答案是,第三方程序,还要链接libpthread.so。
那我如果编译第三方程序,还得一个个添加libavcodec.a锁依赖的库,岂不是累死了?!!!!

而其实,ffmpeg已经操心过这个事情了,它编译好了后,也生成了pc文件。就在“/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig”

chenxf@chenxf-PC:~/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig$ ls
libavcodec.pc libavdevice.pc libavfilter.pc libavformat.pc libavutil.pc libpostproc.pc libswresample.pc libswscale.pc x264.pc x265.pc

随便打开一个看看。
libavcodec.pc

prefix=/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build
exec_prefix=${prefix}
libdir=${prefix}/lib
includedir=${prefix}/include

Name: libavcodec
Description: FFmpeg codec library
Version: 57.38.100
Requires: libswresample >= 2.0.101, libavutil >= 55.22.101
Requires.private:
Conflicts:
Libs: -L l i b d i r < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l a v c o d e c < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X v < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X 11 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X e x t < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X a u < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X d m c p < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − s h m < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X a u < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X d m c p < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − x f i x e s < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − r e n d e r < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − s h a p e < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X a u < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X d m c p < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − s h a p e < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x c b < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X a u < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X d m c p < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l X 11 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l a s o u n d < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − L < / s p a n > / h o m e / c h e n x f / f f m p e g b u i l d / l i b < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x 265 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l s t d c < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − s u b s t " > + + < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l m < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l r t < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l d l < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − L < / s p a n > / h o m e / c h e n x f / f f m p e g b u i l d / l i b < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l x 264 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l p t h r e a d < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l m < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l d l < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l f r e e t y p e < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l z < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l p n g 12 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l a s s < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l f o n t c o n f i g < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l e n c a < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l m < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l f r i b i d i < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l e x p a t < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l f r e e t y p e < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l z < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l p n g 12 < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l m < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l l z m a < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − l z < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − p t h r e a d < / s p a n > L i b s < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − b u i l t i n " > . < / s p a n > < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − k e y w o r d " > p r i v a t e < / s p a n > : C f l a g s : < s p a n c l a s s = " h l j s − a t t r i b u t e " > − I < / s p a n > {libdir} <span class="hljs-attribute">-lavcodec</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXv</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lX11</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXext</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXau</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXdmcp</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-shm</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXau</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXdmcp</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-xfixes</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-render</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-shape</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXau</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXdmcp</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span><span class="hljs-attribute">-shape</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lxcb</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXau</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lXdmcp</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lX11</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lasound</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-L</span>/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib <span class="hljs-attribute">-lx265</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lstdc</span><span class="hljs-subst">++</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lm</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lrt</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-ldl</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-L</span>/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib <span class="hljs-attribute">-lx264</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lpthread</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lm</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-ldl</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lfreetype</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lz</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lpng12</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lass</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lfontconfig</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lenca</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lm</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lfribidi</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lexpat</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lfreetype</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lz</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lpng12</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lm</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-llzma</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-lz</span> <span class="hljs-attribute">-pthread</span> Libs<span class="hljs-built_in">.</span><span class="hljs-keyword">private</span>: Cflags: <span class="hljs-attribute">-I</span> libdir<spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lavcodec</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXv</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lX11</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXext</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXau</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXdmcp</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−shm</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXau</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXdmcp</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−xfixes</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−render</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−shape</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXau</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXdmcp</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−shape</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lxcb</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXau</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lXdmcp</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lX11</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lasound</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−L</span>/home/chenxf/ffmpegb​uild/lib<spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lx265</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lstdc</span><spanclass="hljs−subst">++</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lm</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lrt</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−ldl</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−L</span>/home/chenxf/ffmpegb​uild/lib<spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lx264</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lpthread</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lm</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−ldl</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lfreetype</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lz</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lpng12</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lass</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lfontconfig</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lenca</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lm</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lfribidi</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lexpat</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lfreetype</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lz</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lpng12</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lm</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−llzma</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−lz</span><spanclass="hljs−attribute">−pthread</span>Libs<spanclass="hljs−builti​n">.</span><spanclass="hljs−keyword">private</span>:Cflags:<spanclass="hljs−attribute">−I</span>{includedir}

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看到没,看到没?!这里已经把libavcodec.a的所有依赖库,全部列出来了!!!!
所以,我唯一要做的,就是把这些pc文件的路径,写到PKG_CONFIG_PATH。
我就在/home/chenxf/.bashrc末行添加了

PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$PKG_CONFIG_PATH:/home/chenxf/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH

然后

source /home/chenxf/.bashrc

然后重新编译我的代码,就通过了!!!!好开森的样子!!!!…………^^

gcc test.c -o test pkg-config libavcodec libavformat libavutil --cflags --libs

清爽的编译命令,就能让我用尽所有ffmpeg的所有库,多好啊!感谢发明pkg-config的人!!!

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