当线程池的任务缓存队列已满并且线程池中的线程数目达到maximumPoolSize,如果还有任务到来就会采取任务拒绝策略,通常有以下四种策略:
当线程池的任务缓存队列已满并且线程池中的线程数目达到maximumPoolSize,如果还有任务到来就会采取任务拒绝策略,通常有以下四种策略:
ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy:丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy:也是丢弃任务,但是不抛出异常。 ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy:丢弃队列最前面的任务,然后重新尝试执行任务(重复此过程) ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy:由调用线程处理该任务
当Executor已经关闭(即执行了executorService.shutdown()方法后),并且Executor将有限边界用于最大线程和工作队列容量,且已经饱和时,在方法execute()中提交的新任务将被拒绝.
在以上述情况下,execute 方法将调用其 RejectedExecutionHandler 的RejectedExecutionHandler.rejectedExecution(java.lang.Runnable, java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor) 方法。
线程池默认会采用的是defaultHandler策略。首先看defaultHandler的定义:
private static final RejectedExecutionHandler defaultHandler = new AbortPolicy(); // 使用默认的拒绝策略
//丢弃任务并抛出RejectedExecutionException异常。 public static class AbortPolicy implements RejectedExecutionHandler { public AbortPolicy() { } // 抛出异常 public void rejectedExecution(Runnable r, ThreadPoolExecutor e) { throw new RejectedExecutionException("Task " + r.toString() + " rejected from " + e.toString()); } }
如下是一个测试任务的例子,下面编写4个测试用例来测试。
class MyRunnable implements Runnable { private String name; public MyRunnable(String name) { this.name = name; } @Override public void run() { try { System.out.println(this.name + " is running."); Thread.sleep(100); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
看一下其他拒绝策略的具体实现。
public class DiscardPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"丢弃" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy()); // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } }
线程池pool的”最大池大小”和”核心池大小”都为1(THREADS_SIZE),这意味着”线程池能同时运行的任务数量最大只能是1”。
线程池pool的阻塞队列是ArrayBlockingQueue,ArrayBlockingQueue是一个有界的阻塞队列,ArrayBlockingQueue的容量为1。这也意味着线程池的阻塞队列只能有一个线程池阻塞等待。
根据”“中分析的execute()代码可知:线程池中共运行了2个任务。第1个任务直接放到Worker中,通过线程去执行;第2个任务放到阻塞队列中等待。其他的任务都被丢弃了!
public class DiscardOldestPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"DiscardOldestPolicy" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardOldestPolicy()); // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } }
运行结果:
task-0 is running. task-9 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为DiscardOldestPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会丢弃阻塞队列中末尾的任务,然后将被拒绝的任务添加到末尾。
public class AbortPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"抛出异常" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.AbortPolicy()); try { // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } } catch (RejectedExecutionException e) { e.printStackTrace(); // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } } }
(某一次)运行结果:
java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$AbortPolicy.rejectedExecution(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1774) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.reject(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:768) at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.execute(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:656) at AbortPolicyDemo.main(AbortPolicyDemo.java:27) task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为AbortPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,会抛出RejectedExecutionException。
public class CallerRunsPolicyDemo { private static final int THREADS_SIZE = 1; private static final int CAPACITY = 1; public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 创建线程池。线程池的"最大池大小"和"核心池大小"都为1(THREADS_SIZE),"线程池"的阻塞队列容量为1(CAPACITY)。 ThreadPoolExecutor pool = new ThreadPoolExecutor(THREADS_SIZE, THREADS_SIZE, 0, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new ArrayBlockingQueue<Runnable>(CAPACITY)); // 设置线程池的拒绝策略为"CallerRunsPolicy" pool.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); // 新建10个任务,并将它们添加到线程池中。 for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { Runnable myrun = new MyRunnable("task-"+i); pool.execute(myrun); } // 关闭线程池 pool.shutdown(); } }
(某一次)运行结果:
task-2 is running. task-3 is running. task-4 is running. task-5 is running. task-6 is running. task-7 is running. task-8 is running. task-9 is running. task-0 is running. task-1 is running.
将”线程池的拒绝策略”由DiscardPolicy修改为CallerRunsPolicy之后,当有任务添加到线程池被拒绝时,线程池会将被拒绝的任务添加到”线程池正在运行的线程”中取运行。