std::async比std::promise,std::packaged_task更高一层,它可以创建异步的task,异步任务返回的结果也保存在future中。当获取异步任务的结果时,调用future.get();不关注异步任务的结果,只等待任务完成的话,调用future.wait()。
async的声明:
async(std::launch::async | std::launch::deferred, f, args...)
(1)第一个参数:线程的创建策略
std::launch::async:调用async时就开始创建线程。
std::launch::deferred:延迟加载方式创建线程。
(2)第二个参数:线程函数
(3)第三个参数:线程函数的参数
async的基本用法:
std::future<int> f1 = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){ return 8; }); cout << f1.get() << endl; 输出: 8
std::future<int> f2 = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){ cout << 8 << endl; }); f2.wait(); 输出: 8
std::future<int> future = std::async(std::launch::async, [](){ std::this_thread::sleep(std::chrono::seconds(3)); return 8; }); cout << "waiting..." << endl; std::future_status status; do { status = future.wait_for(std::chrono::seconds(1)); if (status == std::future_status::deferred) { cout << "deferred" << endl; } else if (status == std::future_status::timeout) { cout << "timeout" << endl; } else if (status == std::future_status::ready) { cout << "ready" << endl; } } while (status != std::future_status::ready); cout << "result is " << futute.get << endl; 可能输出: waiting... timeout timeout ready result is 8