1. 爬取并保存

re.text用于文本内容

re.content用于图片、视频、音频等

import requests
# 发出http请求
re = requests.get('https://apiv3.shanbay.com/codetime/articles/mnvdu')
# 查看响应状态
print('网页的状态码为%s'%re.status_code)

with open('鲁迅文章.txt', 'w') as file:
  # 将数据的字符串形式写入文件中
  print('正在爬取小说')
  file.write(re.text)

import requests
# 发出http请求
#下载图片
res=requests.get('https://www.www.zyiz.net/i/ll/?i=20210424184053989.PNG')
# 以二进制写入的方式打开一个名为 info.jpg 的文件
with open('datawhale.png','wb') as ff:
    # 将数据的二进制形式写入文件中
    ff.write(res.content)

2. BeautifulSoup

爬取学校官网一级页面、二级页面和三级页面

import json
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

url_list = []

# Get URLs
def getURLs (url): 
    html = requests.get(url)
    soup = BeautifulSoup(html.text, 'html.parser')
    links = soup.find_all('a')
    for link in links:
        url_href = link.get("href")
        url_list.append(url_href)      
    
    # Complement relative path
    url_str = list(map(lambda x: str(x), url_list))  
    for i in range(len(url_str)):
        if(len(url_str[i]) <= 0):                       
            continue
        if url_str[i][0] == "/":
            url_tail = url_str[i][1:]
            url_str[i] = url + url_tail
            
    # Filter out FST web page and Remove duplicated items 
    url_fst = list(set(filter(lambda x: "https://www.fst" in x, url_str)))
    url_fst = list(set(filter(lambda x: x[-1]=="/", url_fst)))
    return url_fst

# Save the output
def save (data):
    conv = json.dumps(data)
    f = open(r"C:\Users\Sandra\Desktop\url\url.txt", "a",encoding='UTF-8')
    f.write(conv+"\n")
    f.close()
    
# Homepage
print("Homepage")
result1 = getURLs('https://www.fst.um.edu.mo/')

# Subpages
print("Subpages")
result2=[]
for i in result1:
    if i!="https://www.fst.um.edu.mo/":
        result2=result2+getURLs(i)

# Remove same items in both 1st and 2ed layer links
uniq_result2=[]
result2_=set(result2)|set(result1)
uniq_result2=list(result2_-set(result1))

# Subsubpages
print("Subsubpages")
result3=[]
for j in uniq_result2:
    result3=result3+getURLs(j)

fst_Urls = list(set(result1+uniq_result2+result3))
for item in fst_Urls:
    save(item)
print(len(fst_Urls))