MySql教程
linux 离线安装mysql
本文主要是介绍linux 离线安装mysql，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
一、卸载CentOS7系统自带mariadb
# 查看系统自带的Mariadb [root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 # 卸载系统自带的Mariadb [root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.44-2.el7.centos.x86_64 # 删除etc目录下的my.cnf [root@CDH-141 ~]# rm /etc/my.cnf
二、检查mysql是否存在
# 检查mysql是否存在 [root@CDH-141 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql [root@CDH-141 ~]#
三、查看用户和组是否存在
1）检查mysql组合用户是否存在
# 检查mysql组和用户是否存在，如无则创建 [root@CDH-141 ~]# cat /etc/group | grep mysql [root@CDH-141 ~]# cat /etc/passwd | grep mysql
# 查询全部用户（只是做记录，没必要执行）
[root@CDH-141 ~]# cat /etc/passwd|grep -v nologin|grep -v halt|grep -v shutdown|awk -F ":" '{print $1 "|" $3 "1" $4}' | more
root|010
sync|510
flume|9921989
hdfs|9911988
zookeeper|9891986
llama|9881985
httpfs|9871984
mapred|9861983
sqoop|9851982
yarn|9841981
kms|9831980
hive|9821979
oozie|9801977
hbase|9781975
impala|9761973
hue|9741971
wlaqzc2018|100111001
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#
2）若不存在，则创建mysql组和用户
# 创建mysql用户组 [root@CDH-141 ~]# groupadd mysql # 创建一个用户名为mysql的用户，并加入mysql用户组 [root@CDH-141 ~]# useradd -g mysql mysql # 制定password 为 cti@2021 [root@CDH-141 ~]# passwd mysql Changing password for user mysql. New password: BAD PASSWORD: The password is a palindrome Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
四、下载mysql离线安装包tar文件
使用安装下载好的离线文件
五、上传第四步下载的mysql TAR包
# 进入/usr/local/文件夹 [root@CDH-141 ~]# cd /usr/local/ # 上传mysql TAR包 [root@CDH-141 local]# rz # 解压mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz [root@CDH-141 local]# ls bin full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS include lib64 mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz share etc games lib libexec sbin src [root@CDH-141 local]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz mysql-5.7.25-lin ... mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/install_rewriter.sql mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/uninstall_rewriter.sql mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/magic mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/support-files/mysql.server mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_BIN mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/docs/INFO_SRC [root@CDH-141 local]# ls bin full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS include lib64 mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz share etc games lib libexec mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 sbin src # 进入/usr/local下，修改为mysql [root@CDH-141 local]# mv mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql [root@CDH-141 local]# ls bin etc full-path-to-mysql-VERSION-OS games include lib lib64 libexec mysql mysql-5.7.25-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz sbin share src
六、更改所属的组和用户
# 更改所属的组和用户 [root@CDH-141 ~]# cd /usr/local/ [root@CDH-141 local]# chown -R mysql mysql/ [root@CDH-141 local]# chgrp -R mysql mysql/ [root@CDH-141 local]# cd mysql/ [root@CDH-141 mysql]# mkdir data [root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data
七、在/etc下创建my.cnf文件
# 把附件中的 my.cnf 拖到 /etc/ 目录下 # 同时创建目录 /var/lib/mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# mkdir /var/lib/mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# chmod 777 /var/lib/mysql
八、进入mysql文件夹，并安装mysql
# 进入mysql [root@CDH-141 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql # 安装mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ 2019-03-08 18:11:07 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize 2019-03-08 18:11:24 [WARNING] The bootstrap log isn't empty: 2019-03-08 18:11:24 [WARNING] 2019-03-08T10:11:07.208602Z 0 [Warning] --bootstrap is deprecated. Please consider using --initialize instead
设置文件及目录权限：
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown 777 /etc/my.cnf [root@CDH-141 mysql]# ls bin COPYING data docs include lib man my.cnf README share support-files [root@CDH-141 mysql]# ls -l total 60 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 bin -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 17987 Dec 21 18:39 COPYING drwxr-x--- 5 mysql mysql 4096 Mar 8 16:21 data drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 docs drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 include drwxr-xr-x 5 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 lib drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 man -rw-r--r-- 1 777 root 516 Mar 8 16:19 my.cnf -rw-r--r-- 1 7161 31415 2478 Dec 21 18:39 README drwxr-xr-x 28 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 share drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Mar 8 15:56 support-files [root@CDH-141 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld [root@CDH-141 mysql]# [root@CDH-141 mysql]# mkdir data [root@CDH-141 mysql]# [root@CDH-141 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql data [root@CDH-141 mysql]#
九、启动mysql
# 启动mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart MySQL server PID file could not be found![FAILED] Starting MySQL.Logging to '/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.err'. ..The server quit without updating PID file (/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid).[FAILED] [root@CDH-141 mysql]#
出现错误，解决方案如下：
#找到是否已经有进程占用 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql root 32483 0.0 0.0 113252 1620 pts/0 S 18:04 0:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid mysql 32684 0.1 0.1 1119892 178224 pts/0 Sl 18:04 0:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=CDH-141.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid --port=3323 root 35137 0.0 0.0 112648 944 pts/0 S+ 18:12 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql #关闭进程 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# kill -9 32684 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe: line 198: 32684 Killed nohup /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=CDH-141.err --pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/CDH-141.pid --port=3323 < /dev/null > /dev/null 2>&1 #确认是否还占用 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# ps aux|grep mysql root 35501 0.0 0.0 112644 948 pts/0 S+ 18:13 0:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart MySQL server PID file could not be found![FAILED] Starting MySQL..[ OK ] [root@CDH-141 mysql]# # 重启mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL..[ OK ] Starting MySQL..[ OK ] [root@CDH-141 mysql]#
十、设置开机启动
#设置开机启动
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# chkconfig --list mysqld
Note: This output shows SysV services only and does not include native
systemd services. SysV configuration data might be overridden by native
systemd configuration.
If you want to list systemd services use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.
To see services enabled on particular target use
'systemctl list-dependencies [target]'.
mysqld 0:off 1:off 2:on 3:on 4:on 5:on 6:off
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# service mysqld status
MySQL running (26122)[ OK ]
[root@CDH-141 mysql]#
十一、修改配置文件
# 进入/etc/profile文件夹 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# vi /etc/profile 修改/etc/profile，在最后添加如下内容 # 修改/etc/profile文件 #set mysql environment export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin # 使文件生效 [root@CDH-141 mysql]# source /etc/profile
十二、获得mysql初始密码
1）获得mysql初始密码
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# cat /root/.mysql_secret # Password set for user 'root@localhost' at 2019-03-08 17:40:42 poc3u0mO_luv [root@CDH-141 mysql]#
2）修改密码
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #此处填写上边获取到的初始密码‘poc3u0mO_luv’
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.25
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('cti@2021');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
3）验证新密码是否登录成功：
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: #此处输入新密码‘cti@2021’ Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 4 Server version: 5.7.25 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show tables; ERROR 1046 (3D000): No database selected mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
十三、添加远程访问权限
# 添加远程访问权限 mysql> use mysql Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> select host,user from user; +-----------+---------------+ | host | user | +-----------+---------------+ | % | root | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | +-----------+---------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> exit
十四、重启mysql生效
# 重启mysql [root@CDH-141 mysql]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart Shutting down MySQL..[ OK ] Starting MySQL..[ OK ] [root@CDH-141 mysql]#
十五、开启3306防火墙
# 查看防火墙状态 systemctl status firewalld # 开启3306端口 firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent # 重新载入 firewall-cmd --reload # 查看3306防火墙状态 firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=3306/tcp
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