我们在公司开发中,根据不同的业务需求往往需要通过2张及以上的表中去查询需要的数据。所以我们有必要学习2张及以上的表的查询。其实不管是几张表的查询,都是有规律可循的。
-- 部门表 CREATE TABLE dept ( id INT PRIMARY KEY PRIMARY KEY, -- 部门id dname VARCHAR(50), -- 部门名称 loc VARCHAR(50) -- 部门位置 ); -- 添加4个部门 INSERT INTO dept(id,dname,loc) VALUES (10,'教研部','北京'), (20,'学工部','上海'), (30,'销售部','广州'), (40,'财务部','深圳'); -- 职务表,职务名称,职务描述 CREATE TABLE job ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, jname VARCHAR(20), description VARCHAR(50) ); -- 添加4个职务 INSERT INTO job (id, jname, description) VALUES (1, '董事长', '管理整个公司,接单'), (2, '经理', '管理部门员工'), (3, '销售员', '向客人推销产品'), (4, '文员', '使用办公软件'); -- 员工表 CREATE TABLE emp ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, -- 员工id ename VARCHAR(50), -- 员工姓名 job_id INT, -- 职务id mgr INT , -- 上级领导 joindate DATE, -- 入职日期 salary DECIMAL(7,2), -- 工资 bonus DECIMAL(7,2), -- 奖金 dept_id INT, -- 所在部门编号 CONSTRAINT emp_jobid_ref_job_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (job_id) REFERENCES job (id), CONSTRAINT emp_deptid_ref_dept_id_fk FOREIGN KEY (dept_id) REFERENCES dept (id) ); -- 添加员工 INSERT INTO emp(id,ename,job_id,mgr,joindate,salary,bonus,dept_id) VALUES (1001,'孙悟空',4,1004,'2000-12-17','8000.00',NULL,20), (1002,'卢俊义',3,1006,'2001-02-20','16000.00','3000.00',30), (1003,'林冲',3,1006,'2001-02-22','12500.00','5000.00',30), (1004,'唐僧',2,1009,'2001-04-02','29750.00',NULL,20), (1005,'李逵',4,1006,'2001-09-28','12500.00','14000.00',30), (1006,'宋江',2,1009,'2001-05-01','28500.00',NULL,30), (1007,'刘备',2,1009,'2001-09-01','24500.00',NULL,10), (1008,'猪八戒',4,1004,'2007-04-19','30000.00',NULL,20), (1009,'罗贯中',1,NULL,'2001-11-17','50000.00',NULL,10), (1010,'吴用',3,1006,'2001-09-08','15000.00','0.00',30), (1011,'沙僧',4,1004,'2007-05-23','11000.00',NULL,20), (1012,'李逵',4,1006,'2001-12-03','9500.00',NULL,30), (1013,'小白龙',4,1004,'2001-12-03','30000.00',NULL,20), (1014,'关羽',4,1007,'2002-01-23','13000.00',NULL,10); -- 工资等级表 CREATE TABLE salarygrade ( grade INT PRIMARY KEY, losalary INT, hisalary INT ); -- 添加5个工资等级 INSERT INTO salarygrade(grade,losalary,hisalary) VALUES (1,7000,12000), (2,12010,14000), (3,14010,20000), (4,20010,30000), (5,30010,99990);
分析4张表的关系:通过4张表可以查出一个员工的所有信息
查询所有员工信息。显示员工编号,员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述
具体操作:
1.确定要查询哪些表:emp e, job j
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j;
2.确定表连接条件:e.job_id=j.id
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j ON e.job_id=j.id;
3.确定查询字段:员工编号,员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述
SELECT e.`id`, e.`ename`, e.`salary`, j.`jname`, j.`description` FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j ON e.job_id=j.id;
查询所有员工信息。显示员工编号,员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述,部门名称,部门位置
具体操作:
1. 确定要查询哪些表,emp e, job j, dept d
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d;
2. 确定表连接条件 e.job_id=j.id and e.dept_id=d.id
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id;
3. 确定查询字段:员工编号,员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述,部门名称,部门位置
SELECT e.`id`, e.`ename`, e.`salary`, j.`jname`, j.`description`, d.`dname`, d.`loc` FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id;
查询所有员工信息。显示员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述,部门名称,部门位置,工资等级
具体操作:
1. 确定要查询哪些表,emp e, job j, dept d, salarygrade s
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s;
2. 确定表连接条件 e.job_id=j.id and e.dept_id=d.id and e.salary between s.losalary and hisalary
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id AND e.salary BETWEEN s.losalary AND hisalary;
3. 确定查询字段:员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述,部门名称,部门位置,工资等级
SELECT e.`ename`, e.`salary`, j.`jname`, j.`description`, d.`dname`, d.`loc`, s.`grade` FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id AND e.salary BETWEEN s.losalary AND hisalary;
查询经理的信息。显示员工姓名,工资,职务名称,职务描述,部门名称,部门位置,工资等级
具体操作:
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s;
SELECT * FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id AND e.salary BETWEEN s.losalary AND hisalary;
额外条件:只需要查询经理的信息(j.jname='经理')
SELECT e.`ename`, e.`salary`, j.`jname`, j.`description`, d.`dname`, d.`loc`, s.`grade` FROM emp e INNER JOIN job j INNER JOIN dept d INNER JOIN salarygrade s ON e.job_id=j.id AND e.dept_id=d.id AND e.salary BETWEEN s.losalary AND hisalary AND j.jname='经理';
查询出部门编号、部门名称、部门位置、部门人数
具体操作:
SELECT dept_id, COUNT(*) FROM emp GROUP BY dept_id;
SELECT * FROM dept d INNER JOIN (SELECT dept_id, COUNT(*) FROM emp GROUP BY dept_id) e ON e.dept_id=d.`id`;
SELECT d.`id`, d.dname, d.`loc`, e.total 部门人数 FROM dept d INNER JOIN (SELECT dept_id, COUNT(*) total FROM emp GROUP BY dept_id) e ON e.dept_id=d.`id`;
最终效果: