CRUD通常指数据库的增删改查操作,本文详细介绍了如何使用GORM实现创建、查询、更新和删除操作。
CRUD通常指数据库的增删改查操作,本文详细介绍了如何使用GORM实现创建、查询、更新和删除操作。
本文中的db
变量为*gorm.DB
对象,例如:
import ( "github.com/jinzhu/gorm" _ "github.com/jinzhu/gorm/dialects/mysql" ) func main() { db, err := gorm.Open("mysql", "user:password@/dbname?charset=utf8&parseTime=True&loc=Local") defer db.Close() // db.Xx }
首先定义模型:
type User struct { ID int64 Name string Age int64 }
使用使用NewRecord()
查询主键是否存在,主键为空使用Create()
创建记录:
user := User{Name: "q1mi", Age: 18} db.NewRecord(user) // 主键为空返回`true` db.Create(&user) // 创建user db.NewRecord(user) // 创建`user`后返回`false`
可以通过 tag 定义字段的默认值,比如:
type User struct { ID int64 Name string `gorm:"default:'小王子'"` Age int64 }
注意:通过tag定义字段的默认值,在创建记录时候生成的 SQL 语句会排除没有值或值为 零值 的字段。 在将记录插入到数据库后,Gorm会从数据库加载那些字段的默认值。
举个例子:
var user = User{Name: "", Age: 99} db.Create(&user)
上面代码实际执行的SQL语句是INSERT INTO users("age") values('99');
,排除了零值字段Name
,而在数据库中这一条数据会使用设置的默认值小王子
作为Name字段的值。
注意:所有字段的零值, 比如0
, ""
,false
或者其它零值
,都不会保存到数据库内,但会使用他们的默认值。 如果你想避免这种情况,可以考虑使用指针或实现 Scanner/Valuer
接口,比如:
// 使用指针 type User struct { ID int64 Name *string `gorm:"default:'小王子'"` Age int64 } user := User{Name: new(string), Age: 18))} db.Create(&user) // 此时数据库中该条记录name字段的值就是''
// 使用 Scanner/Valuer type User struct { ID int64 Name sql.NullString `gorm:"default:'小王子'"` // sql.NullString 实现了Scanner/Valuer接口 Age int64 } user := User{Name: sql.NullString{"", true}, Age:18} db.Create(&user) // 此时数据库中该条记录name字段的值就是''
例如PostgreSQL
数据库中可以使用下面的方式实现合并插入, 有则更新, 无则插入。
// 为Instert语句添加扩展SQL选项 db.Set("gorm:insert_option", "ON CONFLICT").Create(&product) // INSERT INTO products (name, code) VALUES ("name", "code") ON CONFLICT;
// 根据主键查询第一条记录 db.First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id LIMIT 1; // 随机获取一条记录 db.Take(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 1; // 根据主键查询最后一条记录 db.Last(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY id DESC LIMIT 1; // 查询所有的记录 db.Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users; // 查询指定的某条记录(仅当主键为整型时可用) db.First(&user, 10) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 10;
// Get first matched record db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' limit 1; // Get all matched records db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; // <> db.Where("name <> ?", "jinzhu").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> 'jinzhu'; // IN db.Where("name IN (?)", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name in ('jinzhu','jinzhu 2'); // LIKE db.Where("name LIKE ?", "%jin%").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE '%jin%'; // AND db.Where("name = ? AND age >= ?", "jinzhu", "22").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' AND age >= 22; // Time db.Where("updated_at > ?", lastWeek).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE updated_at > '2000-01-01 00:00:00'; // BETWEEN db.Where("created_at BETWEEN ? AND ?", lastWeek, today).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE created_at BETWEEN '2000-01-01 00:00:00' AND '2000-01-08 00:00:00';
// Struct db.Where(&User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}).First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20 LIMIT 1; // Map db.Where(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu", "age": 20}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu" AND age = 20; // 主键的切片 db.Where([]int64{20, 21, 22}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (20, 21, 22);
提示:当通过结构体进行查询时,GORM将会只通过非零值字段查询,这意味着如果你的字段值为0
,''
,false
或者其他零值
时,将不会被用于构建查询条件,例如:
db.Where(&User{Name: "jinzhu", Age: 0}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu";
你可以使用指针或实现 Scanner/Valuer 接口来避免这个问题.
// 使用指针 type User struct { gorm.Model Name string Age *int } // 使用 Scanner/Valuer type User struct { gorm.Model Name string Age sql.NullInt64 // sql.NullInt64 实现了 Scanner/Valuer 接口 }
作用与 Where 类似的情形如下:
db.Not("name", "jinzhu").First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" LIMIT 1; // Not In db.Not("name", []string{"jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name NOT IN ("jinzhu", "jinzhu 2"); // Not In slice of primary keys db.Not([]int64{1,2,3}).First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id NOT IN (1,2,3); db.Not([]int64{}).First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users; // Plain SQL db.Not("name = ?", "jinzhu").First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE NOT(name = "jinzhu"); // Struct db.Not(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).First(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu";
db.Where("role = ?", "admin").Or("role = ?", "super_admin").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE role = 'admin' OR role = 'super_admin'; // Struct db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(User{Name: "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; // Map db.Where("name = 'jinzhu'").Or(map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu 2"}).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2';
作用与Where
查询类似,当内联条件与多个立即执行方法一起使用时, 内联条件不会传递给后面的立即执行方法。
// 根据主键获取记录 (只适用于整形主键) db.First(&user, 23) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 23 LIMIT 1; // 根据主键获取记录, 如果它是一个非整形主键 db.First(&user, "id = ?", "string_primary_key") //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 'string_primary_key' LIMIT 1; // Plain SQL db.Find(&user, "name = ?", "jinzhu") //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = "jinzhu"; db.Find(&users, "name <> ? AND age > ?", "jinzhu", 20) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name <> "jinzhu" AND age > 20; // Struct db.Find(&users, User{Age: 20}) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20; // Map db.Find(&users, map[string]interface{}{"age": 20}) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;
// 为查询 SQL 添加额外的 SQL 操作 db.Set("gorm:query_option", "FOR UPDATE").First(&user, 10) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE id = 10 FOR UPDATE;
获取匹配的第一条记录,否则根据给定的条件初始化一个新的对象 (仅支持 struct 和 map 条件)
// 未找到 db.FirstOrInit(&user, User{Name: "non_existing"}) //// user -> User{Name: "non_existing"} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).FirstOrInit(&user) //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20} db.FirstOrInit(&user, map[string]interface{}{"name": "jinzhu"}) //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20}
如果记录未找到,将使用参数初始化 struct.
// 未找到 db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrInit(&user) //// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = 'non_existing'; //// user -> User{Name: "non_existing", Age: 20} db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs("age", 20).FirstOrInit(&user) //// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = 'non_existing'; //// user -> User{Name: "non_existing", Age: 20} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).Attrs(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrInit(&user) //// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = jinzhu'; //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 20}
不管记录是否找到,都将参数赋值给 struct.
// 未找到 db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Assign(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrInit(&user) //// user -> User{Name: "non_existing", Age: 20} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).Assign(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrInit(&user) //// SELECT * FROM USERS WHERE name = jinzhu'; //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu", Age: 30}
获取匹配的第一条记录, 否则根据给定的条件创建一个新的记录 (仅支持 struct 和 map 条件)
// 未找到 db.FirstOrCreate(&user, User{Name: "non_existing"}) //// INSERT INTO "users" (name) VALUES ("non_existing"); //// user -> User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing"} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "Jinzhu"}).FirstOrCreate(&user) //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "Jinzhu"}
如果记录未找到,将使用参数创建 struct 和记录.
// 未找到 db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrCreate(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'non_existing'; //// INSERT INTO "users" (name, age) VALUES ("non_existing", 20); //// user -> User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing", Age: 20} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).Attrs(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrCreate(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "jinzhu", Age: 20}
不管记录是否找到,都将参数赋值给 struct 并保存至数据库.
// 未找到 db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Assign(User{Age: 20}).FirstOrCreate(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'non_existing'; //// INSERT INTO "users" (name, age) VALUES ("non_existing", 20); //// user -> User{Id: 112, Name: "non_existing", Age: 20} // 找到 db.Where(User{Name: "jinzhu"}).Assign(User{Age: 30}).FirstOrCreate(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; //// UPDATE users SET age=30 WHERE id = 111; //// user -> User{Id: 111, Name: "jinzhu", Age: 30}
基于 *gorm.expr
的子查询
db.Where("amount > ?", db.Table("orders").Select("AVG(amount)").Where("state = ?", "paid").SubQuery()).Find(&orders) // SELECT * FROM "orders" WHERE "orders"."deleted_at" IS NULL AND (amount > (SELECT AVG(amount) FROM "orders" WHERE (state = 'paid')));
Select,指定你想从数据库中检索出的字段,默认会选择全部字段。
db.Select("name, age").Find(&users) //// SELECT name, age FROM users; db.Select([]string{"name", "age"}).Find(&users) //// SELECT name, age FROM users; db.Table("users").Select("COALESCE(age,?)", 42).Rows() //// SELECT COALESCE(age,'42') FROM users;
Order,指定从数据库中检索出记录的顺序。设置第二个参数 reorder 为 true
,可以覆盖前面定义的排序条件。
db.Order("age desc, name").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc, name; // 多字段排序 db.Order("age desc").Order("name").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc, name; // 覆盖排序 db.Order("age desc").Find(&users1).Order("age", true).Find(&users2) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age desc; (users1) //// SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY age; (users2)
Limit,指定从数据库检索出的最大记录数。
db.Limit(3).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 3; // -1 取消 Limit 条件 db.Limit(10).Find(&users1).Limit(-1).Find(&users2) //// SELECT * FROM users LIMIT 10; (users1) //// SELECT * FROM users; (users2)
Offset,指定开始返回记录前要跳过的记录数。
db.Offset(3).Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users OFFSET 3; // -1 取消 Offset 条件 db.Offset(10).Find(&users1).Offset(-1).Find(&users2) //// SELECT * FROM users OFFSET 10; (users1) //// SELECT * FROM users; (users2)
Count,该 model 能获取的记录总数。
db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Or("name = ?", "jinzhu 2").Find(&users).Count(&count) //// SELECT * from USERS WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (users) //// SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu' OR name = 'jinzhu 2'; (count) db.Model(&User{}).Where("name = ?", "jinzhu").Count(&count) //// SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name = 'jinzhu'; (count) db.Table("deleted_users").Count(&count) //// SELECT count(*) FROM deleted_users; db.Table("deleted_users").Select("count(distinct(name))").Count(&count) //// SELECT count( distinct(name) ) FROM deleted_users; (count)
注意 Count
必须是链式查询的最后一个操作 ,因为它会覆盖前面的 SELECT
,但如果里面使用了 count
时不会覆盖
rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Rows() for rows.Next() { ... } // 使用Scan将多条结果扫描进事先准备好的结构体切片中 type Result struct { Date time.Time Total int } var rets []Result db.Table("users").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(age) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Scan(&rets) rows, err := db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Rows() for rows.Next() { ... } type Result struct { Date time.Time Total int64 } db.Table("orders").Select("date(created_at) as date, sum(amount) as total").Group("date(created_at)").Having("sum(amount) > ?", 100).Scan(&results)
Joins,指定连接条件
rows, err := db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Rows() for rows.Next() { ... } db.Table("users").Select("users.name, emails.email").Joins("left join emails on emails.user_id = users.id").Scan(&results) // 多连接及参数 db.Joins("JOIN emails ON emails.user_id = users.id AND emails.email = ?", "jinzhu@example.org").Joins("JOIN credit_cards ON credit_cards.user_id = users.id").Where("credit_cards.number = ?", "411111111111").Find(&user)
Pluck,查询 model 中的一个列作为切片,如果您想要查询多个列,您应该使用 Scan
var ages []int64 db.Find(&users).Pluck("age", &ages) var names []string db.Model(&User{}).Pluck("name", &names) db.Table("deleted_users").Pluck("name", &names) // 想查询多个字段? 这样做: db.Select("name, age").Find(&users)
Scan,扫描结果至一个 struct.
type Result struct { Name string Age int } var result Result db.Table("users").Select("name, age").Where("name = ?", "Antonio").Scan(&result) var results []Result db.Table("users").Select("name, age").Where("id > ?", 0).Scan(&results) // 原生 SQL db.Raw("SELECT name, age FROM users WHERE name = ?", "Antonio").Scan(&result)
Method Chaining,Gorm 实现了链式操作接口,所以你可以把代码写成这样:
// 创建一个查询 tx := db.Where("name = ?", "jinzhu") // 添加更多条件 if someCondition { tx = tx.Where("age = ?", 20) } else { tx = tx.Where("age = ?", 30) } if yetAnotherCondition { tx = tx.Where("active = ?", 1) }
在调用立即执行方法前不会生成Query
语句,借助这个特性你可以创建一个函数来处理一些通用逻辑。
Immediate methods ,立即执行方法是指那些会立即生成SQL
语句并发送到数据库的方法, 他们一般是CRUD
方法,比如:
Create, First, Find, Take, Save, UpdateXXX, Delete, Scan, Row, Rows…
这有一个基于上面链式方法代码的立即执行方法的例子:
tx.Find(&user)
生成的SQL语句如下:
SELECT * FROM users where name = 'jinzhu' AND age = 30 AND active = 1;
Scopes
,Scope是建立在链式操作的基础之上的。
基于它,你可以抽取一些通用逻辑,写出更多可重用的函数库。
func AmountGreaterThan1000(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return db.Where("amount > ?", 1000) } func PaidWithCreditCard(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return db.Where("pay_mode_sign = ?", "C") } func PaidWithCod(db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return db.Where("pay_mode_sign = ?", "C") } func OrderStatus(status []string) func (db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return func (db *gorm.DB) *gorm.DB { return db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000).Where("status IN (?)", status) } } db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000, PaidWithCreditCard).Find(&orders) // 查找所有金额大于 1000 的信用卡订单 db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000, PaidWithCod).Find(&orders) // 查找所有金额大于 1000 的 COD 订单 db.Scopes(AmountGreaterThan1000, OrderStatus([]string{"paid", "shipped"})).Find(&orders) // 查找所有金额大于 1000 且已付款或者已发货的订单
Multiple Immediate Methods,在 GORM 中使用多个立即执行方法时,后一个立即执行方法会复用前一个立即执行方法的条件 (不包括内联条件) 。
db.Where("name LIKE ?", "jinzhu%").Find(&users, "id IN (?)", []int{1, 2, 3}).Count(&count)
生成的 Sql
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'jinzhu%' AND id IN (1, 2, 3) SELECT count(*) FROM users WHERE name LIKE 'jinzhu%'
Save()
默认会更新该对象的所有字段,即使你没有赋值。
db.First(&user) user.Name = "七米" user.Age = 99 db.Save(&user) //// UPDATE `users` SET `created_at` = '2020-02-16 12:52:20', `updated_at` = '2020-02-16 12:54:55', `deleted_at` = NULL, `name` = '七米', `age` = 99, `active` = true WHERE `users`.`deleted_at` IS NULL AND `users`.`id` = 1
如果你只希望更新指定字段,可以使用Update
或者Updates
// 更新单个属性,如果它有变化 db.Model(&user).Update("name", "hello") //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at='2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111; // 根据给定的条件更新单个属性 db.Model(&user).Where("active = ?", true).Update("name", "hello") //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at='2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111 AND active=true; // 使用 map 更新多个属性,只会更新其中有变化的属性 db.Model(&user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"name": "hello", "age": 18, "active": false}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18, active=false, updated_at='2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111; // 使用 struct 更新多个属性,只会更新其中有变化且为非零值的字段 db.Model(&user).Updates(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18, updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id = 111; // 警告:当使用 struct 更新时,GORM只会更新那些非零值的字段 // 对于下面的操作,不会发生任何更新,"", 0, false 都是其类型的零值 db.Model(&user).Updates(User{Name: "", Age: 0, Active: false})
如果你想更新或忽略某些字段,你可以使用 Select
,Omit
db.Model(&user).Select("name").Updates(map[string]interface{}{"name": "hello", "age": 18, "active": false}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at='2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111; db.Model(&user).Omit("name").Updates(map[string]interface{}{"name": "hello", "age": 18, "active": false}) //// UPDATE users SET age=18, active=false, updated_at='2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111;
上面的更新操作会自动运行 model 的 BeforeUpdate
, AfterUpdate
方法,更新 UpdatedAt
时间戳, 在更新时保存其 Associations
, 如果你不想调用这些方法,你可以使用 UpdateColumn
, UpdateColumns
// 更新单个属性,类似于 `Update` db.Model(&user).UpdateColumn("name", "hello") //// UPDATE users SET name='hello' WHERE id = 111; // 更新多个属性,类似于 `Updates` db.Model(&user).UpdateColumns(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18 WHERE id = 111;
批量更新时Hooks(钩子函数)
不会运行。
db.Table("users").Where("id IN (?)", []int{10, 11}).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"name": "hello", "age": 18}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18 WHERE id IN (10, 11); // 使用 struct 更新时,只会更新非零值字段,若想更新所有字段,请使用map[string]interface{} db.Model(User{}).Updates(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18}) //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', age=18; // 使用 `RowsAffected` 获取更新记录总数 db.Model(User{}).Updates(User{Name: "hello", Age: 18}).RowsAffected
先查询表中的第一条数据保存至user变量。
var user User db.First(&user) db.Model(&user).Update("age", gorm.Expr("age * ? + ?", 2, 100)) //// UPDATE `users` SET `age` = age * 2 + 100, `updated_at` = '2020-02-16 13:10:20' WHERE `users`.`id` = 1; db.Model(&user).Updates(map[string]interface{}{"age": gorm.Expr("age * ? + ?", 2, 100)}) //// UPDATE "users" SET "age" = age * '2' + '100', "updated_at" = '2020-02-16 13:05:51' WHERE `users`.`id` = 1; db.Model(&user).UpdateColumn("age", gorm.Expr("age - ?", 1)) //// UPDATE "users" SET "age" = age - 1 WHERE "id" = '1'; db.Model(&user).Where("age > 10").UpdateColumn("age", gorm.Expr("age - ?", 1)) //// UPDATE "users" SET "age" = age - 1 WHERE "id" = '1' AND quantity > 10;
如果你想修改 BeforeUpdate
, BeforeSave
等 Hooks 中更新的值,你可以使用 scope.SetColumn
, 例如:
func (user *User) BeforeSave(scope *gorm.Scope) (err error) { if pw, err := bcrypt.GenerateFromPassword(user.Password, 0); err == nil { scope.SetColumn("EncryptedPassword", pw) } }
// 为 update SQL 添加其它的 SQL db.Model(&user).Set("gorm:update_option", "OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR UNKNOWN)").Update("name", "hello") //// UPDATE users SET name='hello', updated_at = '2013-11-17 21:34:10' WHERE id=111 OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR UNKNOWN);
警告 删除记录时,请确保主键字段有值,GORM 会通过主键去删除记录,如果主键为空,GORM 会删除该 model 的所有记录。
// 删除现有记录 db.Delete(&email) //// DELETE from emails where id=10; // 为删除 SQL 添加额外的 SQL 操作 db.Set("gorm:delete_option", "OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR UNKNOWN)").Delete(&email) //// DELETE from emails where id=10 OPTION (OPTIMIZE FOR UNKNOWN);
删除全部匹配的记录
db.Where("email LIKE ?", "%jinzhu%").Delete(Email{}) //// DELETE from emails where email LIKE "%jinzhu%"; db.Delete(Email{}, "email LIKE ?", "%jinzhu%") //// DELETE from emails where email LIKE "%jinzhu%";
如果一个 model 有 DeletedAt
字段,他将自动获得软删除的功能! 当调用 Delete
方法时, 记录不会真正的从数据库中被删除, 只会将DeletedAt
字段的值会被设置为当前时间
db.Delete(&user) //// UPDATE users SET deleted_at="2013-10-29 10:23" WHERE id = 111; // 批量删除 db.Where("age = ?", 20).Delete(&User{}) //// UPDATE users SET deleted_at="2013-10-29 10:23" WHERE age = 20; // 查询记录时会忽略被软删除的记录 db.Where("age = 20").Find(&user) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20 AND deleted_at IS NULL; // Unscoped 方法可以查询被软删除的记录 db.Unscoped().Where("age = 20").Find(&users) //// SELECT * FROM users WHERE age = 20;
// Unscoped 方法可以物理删除记录 db.Unscoped().Delete(&order) //// DELETE FROM orders WHERE id=10;
转载: https://www.liwenzhou.com/posts/Go/gorm_crud/