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Innodb表空间辅助工具使用

本文主要是介绍Innodb表空间辅助工具使用,对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值,需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧!

Innodb表空间辅助工具使用

  • 工具1 py_innodb_page_info,msyql技术内幕存储引擎-Innodb技术内幕一书中使用的工具,能够分析ibd文件 github地址:https://github.com/happieme/py_innodb_page_info

  • 工具2 innodb_space 功能更强大,以更直观的方式分析表空间文件,github地址:https://github.com/jeremycole/innodb_ruby

概念说明:

  • 表/表空间:在开启了innodb_file_per_table=1后,每张表对应一个独立的表空间文件,

    查询具体的表所属的表空间Id可以执行

    SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_sys_tablespaces WHERE name LIKE '%user_info%';
    

    输出

    +-------+-----------------+------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
    | SPACE | NAME            | FLAG | FILE_FORMAT | ROW_FORMAT | PAGE_SIZE | ZIP_PAGE_SIZE | SPACE_TYPE | FS_BLOCK_SIZE | FILE_SIZE | ALLOCATED_SIZE |
    +-------+-----------------+------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
    |    33 | test/user_info  |   33 | Barracuda   | Dynamic    |     16384 |             0 | Single     |          4096 |    114688 |         114688 |
    |    34 | test/user_info2 |   33 | Barracuda   | Dynamic    |     16384 |             0 | Single     |          4096 | 360710144 |      370147328 |
    +-------+-----------------+------+-------------+------------+-----------+---------------+------------+---------------+-----------+----------------+
    

    输出中的space列即为对应表空间ID

  • 表ID、索引ID: 表是一个应用存储逻辑数据的基本单位,innodb是索引组织表,数据即索引,索引也是数据的一部分,一张表从逻辑上可以划分为由多个索引构成,系统为每个表、每个表中的索引生成一个唯一的ID

    • 查看表ID:
    SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_sys_tables WHERE name LIKE '%user_info%';
    

    输出

    +----------+-----------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+
    | TABLE_ID | NAME            | FLAG | N_COLS | SPACE | FILE_FORMAT | ROW_FORMAT | ZIP_PAGE_SIZE | SPACE_TYPE |
    +----------+-----------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+
    |       55 | test/user_info  |   33 |      9 |    33 | Barracuda   | Dynamic    |             0 | Single     |
    |       56 | test/user_info2 |   33 |      9 |    34 | Barracuda   | Dynamic    |             0 | Single     |
    +----------+-----------------+------+--------+-------+-------------+------------+---------------+------------+
    

    table_id即为表ID,可以看到输出列中还有一个space字段,此此段即为数据表对应的表空间ID

    • 查看索引ID
    SELECT * FROM information_schema.innodb_sys_indexes WHERE table_id=55;
    

    输出

    +----------+-----------+----------+------+----------+---------+-------+-----------------+
    | INDEX_ID | NAME      | TABLE_ID | TYPE | N_FIELDS | PAGE_NO | SPACE | MERGE_THRESHOLD |
    +----------+-----------+----------+------+----------+---------+-------+-----------------+
    |       44 | PRIMARY   |       55 |    3 |        1 |       3 |    33 |              50 |
    |       50 | idx_phone |       55 |    0 |        1 |       4 |    33 |              50 |
    +----------+-----------+----------+------+----------+---------+-------+-----------------+
    

    index_id 即为索引ID,table_id、space为对应的表ID、表空间ID

测试表建表语句

  • 表1 user_info

    CREATE TABLE `user_info` (
      `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
      `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '名称',
      `phone` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '手机',
      `email` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '邮箱',
      `create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
      `update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      KEY `idx_phone` (`phone`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
    
  • 表2 user_info2

    CREATE TABLE `user_info2` (
      `id` bigint(20) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键ID',
      `name` varchar(20) NOT NULL COMMENT '名称',
      `phone` varchar(30) NOT NULL COMMENT '手机',
      `email` varchar(50) NOT NULL DEFAULT '' COMMENT '邮箱',
      `create_time` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '创建时间',
      `update_time` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
      PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
      KEY `idx_phone` (`phone`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2484014 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
    
  • 表1与表2结构一样,不同的是两表数据量不一样,本地表2数据量在240w左右,为后续内容作准备

生成测试数据的mysql函数/存储过程

  • 随机数函数

    drop function if exists `rand_number`;
    delimiter $$
    create function `rand_number`(n int) returns varchar(255) charset utf8mb4 no sql
    begin        
    	declare chars_str varchar(100)  default "0123456789";
    	declare return_str varchar(255) default "";        
    	declare i int default 0;
    	while i < n do        
    	set return_str=concat(return_str,substring(chars_str,floor(1+rand()*10),1));
    	set i= i+1;        
    	end while;        
      return return_str;    
    end $$
    delimiter ;
    
    
  • 生成随机字符串函数

    drop function if exists `rand_string`;
    delimiter $$
    create function `rand_string`(n int) returns varchar(255) charset utf8mb4 no sql
    begin        
      declare chars_str varchar(100) 
      default "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
      declare return_str varchar(255) default "";        
      declare i int default 0;
      while i < n do        
          set return_str=concat(return_str,substring(chars_str,floor(1+rand()*62),1));
          set i= i+1;        
      end while;        
      return return_str;    
    end $$
    delimiter ;
    
  • 生成测试数据的存储过程

    drop procedure if exists `insert_user_info_data`;
    delimiter $$
    create  procedure `insert_user_info_data`(in n int) deterministic
    begin  
    	declare i int default 1;
    	declare start_create_time datetime default now();
    	declare sec int default -30*24*3600;
    
    	set autocommit = 0;
    	while (i <= n) do
    		set sec=sec+2;
    		insert into user_info 
    		(`name`,`phone`,`email`,`create_time`,`update_time`) 
    		values 
    		(rand_string(20),rand_number(11),rand_string(20) ,date_add(start_create_time,interval sec second),date_add(start_create_time,interval sec second)) ;
    		if i%100=0 then
    			-- 500条提交一次
    			commit;
    		end if;
    		set i=i+1 ;
    	end while ;
    	-- 提交剩余的
    	commit ;
    	set autocommit = 1;
    end $$
    delimiter ;
    

py_innodb_page_info使用方法

  • 命令别名

    export PYTHONPATH=/yourpath/py_innodb_page_info/
    alias mysql_page_info="python /yourpath/py_innodb_page_info/py_innodb_page_info.py"
    

    需要本地有python环境,我这本地做了一个alias的别名处理,方便后续不用敲全名,将对应的路径替换为各自的安装路径即可,执行上述存储过程call insert_user_info_data(5)生成5条测试数据

  • 基本用法

    mysql_page_info test/user_info.ibd
    

    输出

    Total number of page: 7:
    Insert Buffer Bitmap: 1
    File Space Header: 1
    B-tree Node: 4
    File Segment inode: 1
    

    释义

    • Total number of page: 当前表空间数据页数量
    • Insert Buffer Bitmap: 插入缓冲位图数据页数量
    • File Space Header: 文件头数据页数量
    • B-tree Node: B树节点数据页数量
    • File Segment inode: 段描述页数量
    mysql_page_info test/user_info.ibd -v
    

    输出

    page offset 00000000, page type <File Space Header>
    page offset 00000001, page type <Insert Buffer Bitmap>
    page offset 00000002, page type <File Segment inode>
    page offset 00000003, page type <B-tree Node>, page level <0000>
    page offset 00000004, page type <B-tree Node>, page level <0000>
    page offset 00000005, page type <B-tree Node>, page level <0000>
    page offset 00000006, page type <B-tree Node>, page level <0000>
    Total number of page: 7
    Insert Buffer Bitmap: 1
    File Space Header: 1
    B-tree Node: 4
    File Segment inode: 1
    

    可以看到添加-v参数后打印出了数据页的编号以及每个数据的描述信息

innodb_space常用命令

下面对innodb_space工具常用的功能做一个说明(详细用法可参见官方wiki页面,链接见头部github仓库地址)

  • 列出数据表的索引信息

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info space-indexes
    

    输出

    id          name                            root        fseg        fseg_id     used        allocated   fill_factor
    44          PRIMARY                         3           internal    1           1           1           100.00%
    44          PRIMARY                         3           leaf        2           0           0           0.00%
    50          idx_phone                       4           internal    3           1           1           100.00%
    50          idx_phone                       4           leaf        4           0           0           0.00%
    

    释义

    • id:索引ID列,参见上述索引ID
    • name 索引名称列
    • root 索引根节点位于的数据页编号(数据页概念后续会详细说明)
    • fseg 索引类型(internal为非叶节点,leaf为叶节点)
    • fseg_id 索引所属段ID(段的概念后续会说明)
    • used 使用的page页数量
    • allocated 申请的数据页数量
    • fill_factor used/allocated 索引页使用百分比
  • 统计表空间中各页类型占比

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info space-page-type-summary
    

    输出

    type                count       percent     description
    INDEX               4           57.14       B+Tree index
    FSP_HDR             1           14.29       File space header
    IBUF_BITMAP         1           14.29       Insert buffer bitmap
    INODE               1           14.29       File segment inode
    

    释义

    • type 页类型
    • count 数量
    • percent 占比
    • description 页的基本描述信息
  • dump page数据页详细信息

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info -p 3 page-dump
    

    输出内容较多,此处只粘贴部分输出

     fil header:
     {:checksum=>1959780131,
      :offset=>3,
      :prev=>nil,
      :next=>nil,
      :lsn=>20426510,
      :type=>:INDEX,
      :flush_lsn=>0,
      :space_id=>33}
    
     fil trailer:
     {:checksum=>1959780131, :lsn_low32=>20426510}
    
     page header:
     {:n_dir_slots=>2,
      :heap_top=>565,
      :garbage_offset=>0,
      :garbage_size=>0,
      :last_insert_offset=>484,
      :direction=>:right,
      :n_direction=>4,
      :n_recs=>5,
      :max_trx_id=>0,
      :level=>0,
      :index_id=>44,
      :n_heap=>7,
      :format=>:compact}
    
     fseg header:
     {:leaf=>
       <Innodb::Inode space=<Innodb::Space file="test/user_info.ibd", page_size=16384, pages=7>, fseg=2>,
      :internal=>
       <Innodb::Inode space=<Innodb::Space file="test/user_info.ibd", page_size=16384, pages=7>, fseg=1>}
    
     sizes:
       header           120
       trailer            8
       directory          4
       free           15807
       used             577
       record           445
       per record     89.00
    
     page directory:
     [99, 112]
     
     system records:
     {:offset=>99,
      :header=>
       {:next=>128,
        :type=>:infimum,
        :heap_number=>0,
        :n_owned=>1,
        :min_rec=>false,
        :deleted=>false,
        :length=>5},
      :next=>128,
      :data=>"infimum\x00",
      :length=>8}
     {:offset=>112,
      :header=>
       {:next=>112,
        :type=>:supremum,
        :heap_number=>1,
        :n_owned=>6,
        :min_rec=>false,
        :deleted=>false,
        :length=>5},
      :next=>112,
      :data=>"supremum",
      :length=>8}
    
     garbage records:
    	
    	records:
     {:format=>:compact,
      :offset=>128,
      :header=>
       {:next=>217,
        :type=>:conventional,
        :heap_number=>2,
        :n_owned=>0,
        :min_rec=>false,
        :deleted=>false,
        :nulls=>[],
        :lengths=>{"name"=>20, "phone"=>11, "email"=>20},
        :externs=>[],
        :length=>8},
      :next=>217,
      :type=>:clustered,
      :key=>[{:name=>"id", :type=>"BIGINT UNSIGNED", :value=>1}],
      :row=>
       [{:name=>"name", :type=>"VARCHAR(80)", :value=>"3i9izcwibfprwwkien9d"},
        {:name=>"phone", :type=>"VARCHAR(120)", :value=>"33810132397"},
        {:name=>"email", :type=>"VARCHAR(200)", :value=>"8gr4furgtsusl1g9zehy"},
        {:name=>"create_time",
         :type=>"DATETIME",
         :value=>"184913550-53-57 17:81:33"},
        {:name=>"update_time", :type=>"TIMESTAMP", :value=>"2003-01-02 09:49:08"}],
      :sys=>
       [{:name=>"DB_TRX_ID", :type=>"TRX_ID", :value=>6660},
        {:name=>"DB_ROLL_PTR",
         :type=>"ROLL_PTR",
         :value=>
          {:is_insert=>true, :rseg_id=>88, :undo_log=>{:page=>363, :offset=>272}}}],
      :length=>84,
      :transaction_id=>6660,
      :roll_pointer=>
       {:is_insert=>true, :rseg_id=>88, :undo_log=>{:page=>363, :offset=>272}}}
    
    

    输出内容只粘贴了一条记录,亦即id=1的数据记录,具体数据页格式可以参考后续介绍

  • dump页面中数据部分

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info -p 3 page-records
    

    输出

    Record 128: (id=1) → (name="3i9izcwibfprwwkien9d", phone="33810132397", email="8gr4furgtsusl1g9zehy", create_time="184913550-53-57 17:81:33", update_time="2003-01-02 09:49:08")
    Record 217: (id=2) → (name="kvgmqze5wbesshybyto6", phone="04089308321", email="29usioj4yxcjygajkmqs", create_time="184913550-53-90 73:25:65", update_time="2004-01-25 18:29:40")
    Record 306: (id=3) → (name="x00q4cllpawhlauwzcul", phone="79622320564", email="yn9cpfqkwaxto6egwpke", create_time="184913550-54-24 28:69:97", update_time="2005-02-17 03:10:12")
    Record 395: (id=4) → (name="3nytya2vhkh5aryjglxs", phone="38082638449", email="rnvzgby9hq0jpxnqx3gy", create_time="184913550-54-57 84:14:29", update_time="2006-03-12 11:50:44")
    Record 484: (id=5) → (name="utsj9ng19wzg8mj27j38", phone="22472851323", email="w5rlnpmv2t997zr2lv6r", create_time="184913550-54-91 39:58:61", update_time="2007-03-20 15:38:40")
    
  • 遍历索引(索引扫描)

    主索引

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info -I PRIMARY index-recurse
    

    输出

    RECORD: (id=1) → (name="3i9izcwibfprwwkien9d", phone="33810132397", email="8gr4furgtsusl1g9zehy", create_time="184913550-53-57 17:81:33", update_time="2003-01-02 09:49:08")
    RECORD: (id=2) → (name="kvgmqze5wbesshybyto6", phone="04089308321", email="29usioj4yxcjygajkmqs", create_time="184913550-53-90 73:25:65", update_time="2004-01-25 18:29:40")
    RECORD: (id=3) → (name="x00q4cllpawhlauwzcul", phone="79622320564", email="yn9cpfqkwaxto6egwpke", create_time="184913550-54-24 28:69:97", update_time="2005-02-17 03:10:12")
    RECORD: (id=4) → (name="3nytya2vhkh5aryjglxs", phone="38082638449", email="rnvzgby9hq0jpxnqx3gy", create_time="184913550-54-57 84:14:29", update_time="2006-03-12 11:50:44")
    RECORD: (id=5) → (name="utsj9ng19wzg8mj27j38", phone="22472851323", email="w5rlnpmv2t997zr2lv6r", create_time="184913550-54-91 39:58:61", update_time="2007-03-20 15:38:40")
    

    可以看到遍历主索引即是扫表了

    辅助索引

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info -I idx_phone index-recurse
    

    输出

    RECORD: (phone="04089308321") → (id=2)
    RECORD: (phone="22472851323") → (id=5)
    RECORD: (phone="33810132397") → (id=1)
    RECORD: (phone="38082638449") → (id=4)
    RECORD: (phone="79622320564") → (id=3)
    
  • 查看索引层级数据信息

    innodb_space -s ibdata1 -T test/user_info2 -I PRIMARY -l 1 index-level-summary
    

    输出

    page  index   level   data    free    records min_key
    133     51      1       7888    8132    464     id=1
    134     51      1       15776   14      928     id=78796
    135     51      1       15776   14      928     id=236556
    138     51      1       15776   14      928     id=394316
    141     51      1       15776   14      928     id=552076
    142     51      1       15776   14      928     id=709836
    143     51      1       15776   14      928     id=867596
    145     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1025356
    149     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1183116
    150     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1340876
    151     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1498636
    152     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1656396
    154     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1814156
    156     51      1       15776   14      928     id=1971916
    161     51      1       15776   14      928     id=2129676
    164     51      1       15776   14      928     id=2287436
    165     51      1       3893    12247   229     id=2445196
    

    释义

    • page:页号
    • index:索引ID
    • level:索引层级
    • data:数据key
    • free:当前页剩余空间
    • records:当前页记录数
    • min_key:当前页的最小key值
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