一.面向对象编程

面向过程编程，核心是编程二字，过程指的是解决问题的步骤，即先干什么、后干什么、再干什么、然后干什么……

与工厂的工艺流程差不多,前后都有影响

优点：复杂的问题流程化，进而简单化,调理清晰.

缺点:拓展性不行

二.对于我之前写的一个购物程序

total_prices = 0

def chiose(action):
    '''0是注册功能,1是会员卡系统,2是购物功能,3是会员查找积分功能,4为会员积分兑换功能'''
    #注册功能
    if action == 0:
        # 注册内容
        def register():
            while True:
                print('注册账号'.center(50, "-"))
                name = input('请输入账号').strip()
                print('注册密码'.center(50, "-"))
                pwd = input('请输入密码').strip()
                pwd_next = input('请再一次输入入密码').strip()
                with open('用户注册信息.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8') as fw:
                    fw.seek(0)
                    data = fw.read()
                if name in data :
                    print('已有账号')
                    continue
                else:
                    if pwd == pwd_next:
                        print('注册成功')
                        with open('用户注册信息.txt', 'a', encoding='utf8') as fw:
                            fw.write(f'{name}:{pwd}|')
                        break
                    else:
                        print('两次输入密码不同')
            print(50*'-')
        return register

    # 会员卡功能,100块钱1分
    # 其中加个必须结合shoping进行
    #小于10分是普通会员9折优惠
    #大于等于10分是黄金会员8.5折优惠
    # 大于等于100分是至尊会员打8折
    if action == 1:
        def member():
            choise = input('有会员输入1\n'
                           '没会员输入其他\n'
                           '最终解释权归杨文益所有')
            count = 0
            if choise == '1':
                while count == 0:
                    info_dict = dict()
                    member_dict = dict()
                    new_member_dict = dict()
                    print('登入账号'.center(50, "-"))
                    name = input('请输入账号(真的想不起来了,输入我忘了密码随意退出)\n').strip()
                    print('登入密码'.center(50, "-"))
                    pwd = input('请输入密码').strip()

                    with open('用户注册信息.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8') as fr:
                        fr.seek(0)
                        info = fr.read()
                    if info == '':
                        print('没有注册请先注册')
                        return
                    info_list = info.split('|')
                    for info in info_list[:-1]:
                        info = info.split(':')
                        info_name = info[0]
                        info_pwd = info[1]
                        info_dict[info_name] = info_pwd
                    if name == '我忘了':
                        print(50 * '-')
                        count = 1
                    elif name not in info_dict:
                        print('会员账号错误')
                        continue
                    elif pwd != info_dict.get(name):
                        print('密码错误')
                        continue
                    else:
                        print('会员成功')
                        count = 1
                        # 写入会员名字加积分

                        with open('会员积分.txt', 'a', encoding='utf8')  as fw,\
                            open('会员积分剩余积分.txt', 'a', encoding='utf8')  as fw_1:
                            fw.write(f'{name}:{total_prices / 100}|')
                            fw_1.write(f'{name}:{total_prices / 100}|')
                        # 读写会员总积分
                        with open('会员积分.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8') as fw:
                            member = fw.read()
                        member_list = member.split('|')
                        for member in member_list[:-1]:
                            member = member.split(':')
                            member_name = member[0]
                            member_integral = float(member[1])
                            if member_name not in member_dict:
                                member_dict[member_name] = member_integral
                            else:
                                member_dict[member_name] += member_integral

                        # 读写会员剩余积分
                        with open('会员积分剩余积分.txt', 'r', encoding='utf8') as fw:
                            new_member = fw.read()
                        new_member_list = new_member.split('|')
                        for new_member in new_member_list[:-1]:
                            new_member = new_member.split(':')
                            new_member_name = new_member[0]
                            new_member_integral = float(new_member[1])
                            if new_member_name not in new_member_dict:
                                new_member_dict[new_member_name] = new_member_integral
                            else:
                                new_member_dict[new_member_name] += new_member_integral

                        # 打印积分
                        print(50 * '-')
                        print(f'你好{name}')
                        print(f'您当前的积分{member_dict.get(name)}分')
                        integral = member_dict.get(name)
                        if integral < 10:
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('您是我们超市的普通会员可以享受9折优惠')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'你本次购买总计:{total_prices}')
                            print(f'会员折扣后为{0.9*total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'请到前台支付{0.9 * total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('欢迎下次光临'.center(44,"-"))
                        elif integral < 100:
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('您是我们超市的黄金会员可以享受8.5折优惠')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'你本次购买总计:{total_prices}')
                            print(f'会员折扣后为{0.85 * total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'请到前台支付{0.85 * total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('欢迎下次光临'.center(44, "-"))
                        else:
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('您是我们超市的至尊会员可以享受8折优惠')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'你本次购买总计:{total_prices}')
                            print(f'会员折扣后为{0.8 * total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print(f'请到前台支付{0.8 * total_prices}')
                            print(50 * '-')
                            print('欢迎下次光临'.center(44, "-"))
                        print(50 * '-')

        return member


    #购物系统
    if action == 2:
        def shopping():
            # 产品成功选择后用judge = 1跳转到继续,结清,清空选择列表
            # 选择产品后继续 jump == '1'跳转,结算用jump == '0' 跳转, 清空继续购买用jump == '2'跳转,清空退出购买用jump == '3'跳转
            # 用 a == '0' 控制继续购买, a =='1'控制退出购买
            commodity_dict = {
                '0': ['cat', 100],
                '1': ['dog', 200],
                '2': ['pig', 300]
            }
            user_dict = dict()
            a = '0'
            print('欢迎来选购'.center(50, "-"))
            while a == '0':
                chiose = input('输入0商品是cat\n'
                               '输入1商品是dog\n'
                               '输入2商品是pig\n'
                               '请选择你要购买的商品:')
                print(50 * '-')
                commodity_info = commodity_dict.get(chiose)
                num = input('请输入你选择商品的数量')
                # 判断输入内容

                if not num.isdigit():
                    print('数量输入有误请重新输入,数量只能输入数字')
                    continue
                if chiose not in commodity_dict:
                    print('无效商品,请在0,1,2中选择输入')
                    continue

                # 整理商品清单
                else:
                    num_int = int(num)
                    if commodity_info[0] not in user_dict:
                        user_dict[commodity_info[0]] = [num_int, num_int * commodity_info[1]]
                        judge = 1  # 跳转选择界面
                        a = '1'

                    else:
                        user_dict[commodity_info[0]][0] += num_int
                        user_dict[commodity_info[0]][1] += num_int * commodity_info[1]
                        judge = 1  # 跳转选择界面
                        a = '1'

                # 打印购买信息
                global total_prices
                total_prices = 0
                print("\n")
                print('杨大爷超市欢迎您'.center(42, '-'))
                print('\n你选择的商品')
                for name, info_list in user_dict.items():
                    print(f'{name}{info_list[0]}个合计{info_list[1]}元\n')
                    total_prices += info_list[1]
                print(50 * '-')
                print(f'        总计{total_prices}元')

                # 功能选择
                while judge == 1:
                    print(50 * '-')
                    jump = input('输入0结算\n'
                                 '输入1继续购买\n'
                                 '输入2清空购物车继续购买\n'
                                 '输入3清空购物车退出\n'
                                 '请输入您的选择').strip()
                    if not jump.isdigit():
                        print('请正确输入0,1,2,3中任意数字')
                        continue
                    if jump == '1':
                        judge = 4  # 跳出功能选择
                        a = '0'  # 继续购买
                    elif jump == '2':
                        user_dict = dict()  # 清空购物车
                        judge = 4  # 跳出功能选择
                        a = '0'  # 继续购买
                    elif jump == '3':
                        user_dict = dict()
                        judge = 4  # 跳出功能选择
                        print("-" * 50)
                        print('欢迎下次光临')
                    elif jump == '0':
                        judge = 4  # 跳出功能选择
                        print("-" * 50)
                        print(f'一共{total_prices}元请到前台支付,如果有会员在下面输入会员信息')
                        print("-" * 50)
                        print('欢迎下次光临')

        return shopping

    #会员积分查询
    if action == 3:
        def menber_integral():
            #生成总积分字典和用户信息字典:
            menber_integral_dict = dict()

            with open('用户注册信息.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8') as fr_1:
                fr_1.seek(0)
                data = fr_1.read()
            if data == '':
                print('用户未注册请输入0去注册')
                return
            with open('会员积分.txt','a+',encoding='utf8') as fr:
                fr.seek(0)
                info_list = fr.read().split('|')[:-1]
                for info in info_list:
                    info = info.split(':')
                    if info[0] not in menber_integral_dict:
                        menber_integral_dict[info[0]] = float(info[1])
                    else:
                        menber_integral_dict[info[0]] += float(info[1])
            user_menber_integral_dict = dict()
            with open('用户注册信息.txt','a+',encoding='utf8') as fr:
                fr.seek(0)
                user_info_list = fr.read().split('|')[:-1]
                for user_info in user_info_list:
                    user_info = user_info.split(':')
                    user_menber_integral_dict[user_info[0]] = user_info[1]

            # 生成剩余积分字典:

            new_menber_integral_dict = dict()
            with open('会员积分剩余积分.txt', 'a+', encoding='utf8') as fr:
                fr.seek(0)
                new_info_list = fr.read().split('|')[:-1]
                for new_info in new_info_list:
                    new_info = new_info.split(':')
                    if new_info[0] not in new_menber_integral_dict:
                        new_menber_integral_dict[new_info[0]] = float(new_info[1])
                    else:
                        new_menber_integral_dict[new_info[0]] += float(new_info[1])
            while True :
                print('-'*50)
                name = input('请输入你会员卡的名字(退出输入我忘了)').strip()
                if name == '我忘了':
                    print('-' * 50)
                    print('请选择')
                    break
                if not name in user_menber_integral_dict:
                    print('-' * 50)
                    print('会员账号输入错误')
                    print('-' * 50)
                if name in user_menber_integral_dict and menber_integral_dict == dict():
                    print('你的积分为0分')
                    return
                if name in menber_integral_dict:
                    print('-' * 50)
                    print('会员介绍'.center(46,' '))
                    print('积分小于10分为普通会员可以打9折\n'
                          '积分大于10分小于100分为黄金会员可以打8.5折\n'
                          '积分大于100分为黄金会员可以打8折')
                    print('-' * 50)
                    print(f'会员卡账号:{name}')
                    if menber_integral_dict[name]<10:
                        print('您当前会员等级为普通会员\n'
                              '您可以享受9折优惠')
                    elif menber_integral_dict[name] new_menber_integral_dict[name]:
                                print(f'积分不足\n'
                                      f'您的剩余积分:{new_menber_integral_dict[name]}分')
                            else:
                                print(f"恭喜你获得{gift_dict[gift_choise][0]}\n"
                                      f"剩余积分{new_menber_integral_dict[name]-gift_dict[gift_choise][1]}\n")
                                #将内容剩余积分进行统计
                                with open('会员积分剩余积分.txt','a',encoding='utf8') as fw:
                                    fw.write(f'{name}:-{gift_dict[gift_choise][1]}|')
                                count = 1
                                break
        return gift


print("-" * 50)
print('欢迎来到杨大爷超市'.center(30,' '))
print("-" * 50)
x = 0
while x == 0:
    print('-' * 50)
    your_chiose = input('输入0注册会员进入注册功能\n'
                        '输入1黑店我要走了\n'
                        '输入2直接进入购物\n'
                        '输入3会员积分查询\n'
                        '输入4会员积分兑换礼物\n'
                        '请输入:')
    print('-' * 50)
    if your_chiose not in ['0', '2', '1','3','4']:
        print('亲,输入0~4中数字')
        continue
    else:
        if your_chiose == '0':
            chiose(0)()
        elif your_chiose == '2':
            chiose(2)()
            chiose(1)()
        elif your_chiose == '3':
            chiose(3)()
        elif your_chiose == '4':
            chiose(4)()
        else:
            print('拜拜')
            x = 1

三.鱼骨图分析异常

我用我之前工作,qc\qa工程师的经验给你们用鱼骨图分析法分析下我程序编写可能会碰到的异常情况

制图来之与X-Mind制作

先给大家简单介绍下鱼骨图分析方法.

首先是鱼骨,是我们要实现的一个某个功能,在工厂里呢这个叫工艺

第二步,大鱼刺我们就要画他的子功能,在工厂里是一个个工艺流程

第三步,小鱼刺是我们在实施子程序碰到的问题,在工厂是工艺流程中的一个个异常

然后我们要把一个个小鱼刺给解决掉,每次发现小功能异常就加小鱼刺,每次解决掉一个就拔去一个个小鱼刺,直到最后没有鱼刺为止.然后功能就慢慢完善了这是我在写我的小程序中碰到的问题

鱼骨图法是来分析异常解决异常的一种分析方法