信件:
计算机网络:
计算机网络是指将 地理位置不同 的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备,通过通信线路连接起来,在网络操作系统、网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下,实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。
网络编程的目的:
无线电台…传播交流信息,数据交换,通信
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
1.如何准确的定位网络上的一台主机 192.168.16.24 :端口 ,定位到这个计算机上的某个资源
2.找到了这个主机,如何传输数据呢?
javaweb: 网页编程 B/S 浏览器/服务器
网络编程:TCP/IP C/S 客户端/服务器
如何实现网络通信?
通信双方地址:
ip地址:InetAddress
public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException { //查询本机地址 InetAddress inetAddress1=InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); System.out.println(inetAddress1); InetAddress inetAddress2=InetAddress.getLocalHost(); System.out.println(inetAddress2); InetAddress inetAddress3=InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); System.out.println(inetAddress3); //查询网站的ip地址 InetAddress inetAddress4=InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com"); System.out.println(inetAddress4); //常用的方法 //System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress());//ip System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName());//域名,或者自己电脑的名字 }
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程:
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口 netstat -ano|findstr ”5900“ #查看指定的端口 tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException { InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080); InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress0 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress0); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getAddress()); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getHostName()); System.out.println(inetSocketAddress.getPort()); } }
协议:约定,就好比我们现在说的是普通话
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
问题:非常复杂?
TCP/IP协议簇:实际上是一组协议
重要:
出名的协议:
TCP UDP对比:
最少需要三次,保证稳定连接! A:你瞅啥? B:瞅你咋地? A:干一场! A:我要走了! B:你真的要走了吗? B:你真的真的要走了吗? A:我真的要走了!
客户端:
1. 连服务器Socket
2. 发送消息
//客户端 public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) { Socket socket =null; OutputStream os =null; try { //1.要知道服务器的地址,端口号 InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"); int port=9999; //2.创建一个socket连接 socket = new Socket(serverIP,port); //3.发送IO流 os = socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("你好啊".getBytes()); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(os!=null){ try { os.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器
//服务端 public class TcpSeverDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ServerSocket serverSocket =null; Socket socket=null; InputStream is=null; ByteArrayOutputStream baos=null; try { //1.我得有一个地址 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); while (true){ //2.等待客户端连接过来 socket=serverSocket.accept(); //3.读取客户端的消息 is=socket.getInputStream(); //管道流 baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; int len; while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer,0,len); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }finally { //关闭资源 if(baos!=null){ try { baos.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(is!=null){ try { is.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(socket!=null){ try { socket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } if(serverSocket!=null){ try { serverSocket.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } }
服务器端
//服务端 public class TcpSeverDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建服务 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000); //2.监听客户端的链接 Socket socket=serverSocket.accept();//阻塞式的监听,会一直等待客户端 //3.获取输入流 InputStream is=socket.getInputStream(); //4.文件的输出 FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg")); byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知客户端我接受完毕了啦 OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream(); os.write("我接受完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes()); //关闭资源 fos.close(); is.close(); socket.close(); serverSocket.close(); } }
客户端
//客户端 public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.创建一个Socket连接 Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"),9000); //2 创建一个输出流 OutputStream os=socket.getOutputStream(); //3.读取文件 FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(new File("tx.jpg")); //4.写出文件 byte[] buffer =new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=fis.read(buffer))!=-1){ os.write(buffer,0,len); } //通知服务器,我已经结束了 socket.shutdownOutput(); //确定 服务器接收完毕,才能断开链接 InputStream inputStream=socket.getInputStream(); //String byte[] ByteArrayOutputStream baos=new ByteArrayOutputStream(); byte[] buffer2=new byte[1024]; int len2; while ((len2=inputStream.read(buffer2))!=-1){ baos.write(buffer2,0,len2); } System.out.println(baos.toString()); //5.关闭资源 baos.toString(); fis.close(); os.close(); socket.close(); } }
服务端
发短信:不用连接,需要知道对方的地址
//不需要连接服务器 public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //1.建立一个Socket DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); //2.建立一个包 String msg="你好啊,服务器"; //发送给谁 InetAddress localhost=InetAddress.getByName("localhost"); int port=9090; //数据、数据的长度起始、结束、发给谁 DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(),0,msg.getBytes().length,localhost,port); //3.发送包 socket.send(packet); //4.关闭流 socket.close(); } }
public class TcpSeverDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //开放端口 DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090); //接受数据包 byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet=new DatagramPacket(buffer,0,buffer.length); socket.receive(packet);//阻塞接受 System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress()); System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength())); //关闭连接 socket.close(); } }
public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888); //准备数据:控制台读取System.in BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); while (true){ String data=reader.readLine(); byte[] datas= data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress("localhost",6666)); socket.send(packet); if(data.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } }
//还是要等待客户端的连接 public class TcpSeverDemo { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666); while(true){ //准备接受包裹 byte[] container=new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length); socket.receive(packet); //断开连接 bye byte[] data=packet.getData(); String receiveData=new String(data,0,data.length); System.out.println(receiveData); if(receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } socket.close(); } }
//发送端 public class javaPractice implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket =null; BufferedReader reader =null; private int fromPort; private String toIP; private int toPort; public javaPractice(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) { this.fromPort = fromPort; this.toIP = toIP; this.toPort = toPort; try{ reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in)); socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort); }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while (true){ try { String data=reader.readLine(); byte[] datas= data.getBytes(); DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas,0,datas.length,new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP,this.toPort)); socket.send(packet); if(data.equals("bye")){ break; } }catch (Exception e){ e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } }
//接受线程 public class TcpSeverDemo implements Runnable{ DatagramSocket socket =null; private int port; private String msgFrom; public TcpSeverDemo(int port,String msgFrom) { this.port = port; this.msgFrom=msgFrom; try { socket = new DatagramSocket(port); } catch (SocketException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } @Override public void run() { while(true){ try { //准备接受包裹 byte[] container=new byte[1024]; DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length); socket.receive(packet); //断开连接 bye byte[] data=packet.getData(); String receiveData=new String(data,0,data.length); System.out.println(msgFrom+"+"+receiveData); if(receiveData.equals("bye")){ break; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } socket.close(); } }
public class TalkStudent { public static void main(String[] args) { //开启两个线程 new Thread(new javaPractice(7777,"localhost",9989)).start(); new Thread(new TcpSeverDemo(8877,"老师")).start(); } }
public class TalkTeacher { public static void main(String[] args) { //开启两个线程 new Thread(new javaPractice(5555,"localhost",8877)).start(); new Thread(new TcpSeverDemo(9989,"学生")).start(); } }
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS域名解析 将www.baidu.com解析成xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException { URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloword/index.jsp?username=zhangqi&password=123546"); System.out.println(url.getProtocol());//协议 System.out.println(url.getHost()); //主机IP System.out.println(url.getPort()); //端口 System.out.println(url.getPath()); //文件 System.out.println(url.getFile()); //全路径 System.out.println(url.getQuery()); //参数 } }
public class javaPractice { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { //下载地址 URL url = new URL("https://m801.music.126.net/20210518165914/a0fcdd2d4eba3014c00a1f548d299cd2/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/8617892023/21fe/6066/9da3/a3d134a4c7bf945e89601f6dd5cf7e08.m4a"); //连接资源 HttpURLConnection urlConnection=(HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(); InputStream inputStream=urlConnection.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream("8.m4a"); byte[] buffer=new byte[1024]; int len; while ((len=inputStream.read(buffer))!=-1){ fos.write(buffer,0,len);//写出这个数据 } fos.close(); inputStream.close(); urlConnection.disconnect(); } }