Python教程
超硬核！11 个非常实用的 Python 和 Shell 拿来就用脚本实例！
本文主要是介绍超硬核！11 个非常实用的 Python 和 Shell 拿来就用脚本实例！，对大家解决编程问题具有一定的参考价值，需要的程序猿们随着小编来一起学习吧！
大家好，我是JackTian。
在上一篇分享的原创文章《7 个非常实用的 Shell 拿来就用脚本实例！》中，从这篇文章的阅读、点赞、在看、留言的数据来看，非常受读者欢迎。不得不说，脚本在我们的日常工作中可以提高很大的工作效率，的确很香！
这次再来给大家分享一波我工作中用到的几个脚本，主要分为：Python和Shell两个部分。
Python 脚本部分实例： 企业微信告警、FTP 客户端、SSH 客户端、Saltstack 客户端、vCenter 客户端、获取域名 ssl 证书过期时间、发送今天的天气预报以及未来的天气趋势图；
Shell 脚本部分实例： SVN 完整备份、Zabbix 监控用户密码过期、构建本地 YUM 以及上篇文章中有读者的需求（负载高时，查出占用比较高的进程脚本并存储或推送通知）；
篇幅有些长，还请大家耐心翻到文末，毕竟有彩蛋。
Python 脚本部分
企业微信告警
此脚本通过企业微信应用，进行微信告警，可用于 Zabbix 监控。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonclass DLF:
def __init__(self, corpid, corpsecret):
self.url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin"
self.corpid = corpid
self.corpsecret = corpsecret
self._token = self._get_token() def _get_token(self):
'''
获取企业微信API接口的access_token
:return:
'''
token_url = self.url + "/gettoken?corpid=%s&corpsecret=%s" %(self.corpid, self.corpsecret) try:
res = requests.get(token_url).json()
token = res['access_token'] return token except Exception as e: return str(e) def _get_media_id(self, file_obj):
get_media_url = self.url + "/media/upload?access_token={}&type=file".format(self._token)
data = {"media": file_obj} try:
res = requests.post(url=get_media_url, files=data)
media_id = res.json()['media_id'] return media_id except Exception as e: return str(e) def send_text(self, agentid, content, touser=None, toparty=None):
send_msg_url = self.url + "/message/send?access_token=%s" % (self._token)
send_data = { "touser": touser, "toparty": toparty, "msgtype": "text", "agentid": agentid, "text": { "content": content
}
} try:
res = requests.post(send_msg_url, data=json.dumps(send_data)) except Exception as e: return str(e) def send_image(self, agentid, file_obj, touser=None, toparty=None):
media_id = self._get_media_id(file_obj)
send_msg_url = self.url + "/message/send?access_token=%s" % (self._token)
send_data = { "touser": touser, "toparty": toparty, "msgtype": "image", "agentid": agentid, "image": { "media_id": media_id
}
} try:
res = requests.post(send_msg_url, data=json.dumps(send_data)) except Exception as e: return str(e)复制代码FTP 客户端
通过 ftplib 模块操作 ftp 服务器，进行上传下载等操作。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from ftplib import FTPfrom os import pathimport copyclass FTPClient:
def __init__(self, host, user, passwd, port=21):
self.host = host
self.user = user
self.passwd = passwd
self.port = port
self.res = {'status': True, 'msg': None}
self._ftp = None
self._login() def _login(self):
'''
登录FTP服务器
:return: 连接或登录出现异常时返回错误信息
'''
try:
self._ftp = FTP()
self._ftp.connect(self.host, self.port, timeout=30)
self._ftp.login(self.user, self.passwd) except Exception as e: return e def upload(self, localpath, remotepath=None):
'''
上传ftp文件
:param localpath: local file path
:param remotepath: remote file path
:return:
'''
if not localpath: return 'Please select a local file. '
# 读取本地文件
# fp = open(localpath, 'rb')
# 如果未传递远程文件路径，则上传到当前目录，文件名称同本地文件
if not remotepath:
remotepath = path.basename(localpath) # 上传文件
self._ftp.storbinary('STOR ' + remotepath, localpath) # fp.close()
def download(self, remotepath, localpath=None):
'''
localpath
:param localpath: local file path
:param remotepath: remote file path
:return:
'''
if not remotepath: return 'Please select a remote file. '
# 如果未传递本地文件路径，则下载到当前目录，文件名称同远程文件
if not localpath:
localpath = path.basename(remotepath) # 如果localpath是目录的话就和remotepath的basename拼接
if path.isdir(localpath):
localpath = path.join(localpath, path.basename(remotepath)) # 写入本地文件
fp = open(localpath, 'wb') # 下载文件
self._ftp.retrbinary('RETR ' + remotepath, fp.write)
fp.close() def nlst(self, dir='/'):
'''
查看目录下的内容
:return: 以列表形式返回目录下的所有内容
'''
files_list = self._ftp.nlst(dir) return files_list def rmd(self, dir=None):
'''
删除目录
:param dir: 目录名称
:return: 执行结果
'''
if not dir: return 'Please input dirname'
res = copy.deepcopy(self.res) try:
del_d = self._ftp.rmd(dir)
res['msg'] = del_d except Exception as e:
res['status'] = False
res['msg'] = str(e) return res def mkd(self, dir=None):
'''
创建目录
:param dir: 目录名称
:return: 执行结果
'''
if not dir: return 'Please input dirname'
res = copy.deepcopy(self.res) try:
mkd_d = self._ftp.mkd(dir)
res['msg'] = mkd_d except Exception as e:
res['status'] = False
res['msg'] = str(e) return res def del_file(self, filename=None):
'''
删除文件
:param filename: 文件名称
:return: 执行结果
'''
if not filename: return 'Please input filename'
res = copy.deepcopy(self.res) try:
del_f = self._ftp.delete(filename)
res['msg'] = del_f except Exception as e:
res['status'] = False
res['msg'] = str(e) return res def get_file_size(self, filenames=[]):
'''
获取文件大小,单位是字节
判断文件类型
:param filename: 文件名称
:return: 执行结果
'''
if not filenames: return {'msg': 'This is an empty directory'}
res_l = [] for file in filenames:
res_d = {} # 如果是目录或者文件不存在就会报错
try:
size = self._ftp.size(file) type = 'f'
except: # 如果是路径的话size显示 - , file末尾加/ （/dir/）
size = '-'
type = 'd'
file = file + '/'
res_d['filename'] = file
res_d['size'] = size
res_d['type'] = type
res_l.append(res_d) return res_l def rename(self, old_name=None, new_name=None):
'''
重命名
:param old_name: 旧的文件或者目录名称
:param new_name: 新的文件或者目录名称
:return: 执行结果
'''
if not old_name or not new_name: return 'Please input old_name and new_name'
res = copy.deepcopy(self.res) try:
rename_f = self._ftp.rename(old_name, new_name)
res['msg'] = rename_f except Exception as e:
res['status'] = False
res['msg'] = str(e) return res def close(self):
'''
退出ftp连接
:return:
'''
try: # 向服务器发送quit命令
self._ftp.quit() except Exception: return 'No response from server'
finally: # 客户端单方面关闭连接
self._ftp.close()复制代码SSH 客户端
此脚本仅用于通过 key 连接，如需要密码连接，简单修改下即可。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-import paramikoclass SSHClient: def __init__(self, host, port, user, pkey): self.ssh_host = host self.ssh_port = port self.ssh_user = user self.private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(pkey) self.ssh = None self._connect() def _connect(self): self.ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() self.ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) try: self.ssh.connect(hostname=self.ssh_host, port=self.ssh_port, username=self.ssh_user, pkey=self.private_key, timeout=10) except: return 'ssh connect fail' def execute_command(self, command): stdin, stdout, stderr = self.ssh.exec_command(command) out = stdout.read() err = stderr.read() return out, err def close(self): self.ssh.close()复制代码
Saltstack 客户端
通过 api 对 Saltstack 服务端进行操作，执行命令。
#!/usr/bin/env python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import requestsimport jsonimport copyclass SaltApi:
"""
定义salt api接口的类
初始化获得token
"""
def __init__(self):
self.url = "http://172.85.10.21:8000/"
self.username = "saltapi"
self.password = "saltapi"
self.headers = {"Content-type": "application/json"}
self.params = {'client': 'local', 'fun': None, 'tgt': None, 'arg': None}
self.login_url = self.url + "login"
self.login_params = {'username': self.username, 'password': self.password, 'eauth': 'pam'}
self.token = self.get_data(self.login_url, self.login_params)['token']
self.headers['X-Auth-Token'] = self.token def get_data(self, url, params):
'''
请求url获取数据
:param url: 请求的url地址
:param params: 传递给url的参数
:return: 请求的结果
'''
send_data = json.dumps(params)
request = requests.post(url, data=send_data, headers=self.headers)
response = request.json()
result = dict(response) return result['return'][0] def get_auth_keys(self):
'''
获取所有已经认证的key
:return:
'''
data = copy.deepcopy(self.params)
data['client'] = 'wheel'
data['fun'] = 'key.list_all'
result = self.get_data(self.url, data) try: return result['data']['return']['minions'] except Exception as e: return str(e) def get_grains(self, tgt, arg='id'):
"""
获取系统基础信息
:tgt: 目标主机
:return:
"""
data = copy.deepcopy(self.params) if tgt:
data['tgt'] = tgt else:
data['tgt'] = '*'
data['fun'] = 'grains.item'
data['arg'] = arg
result = self.get_data(self.url, data) return result def execute_command(self, tgt, fun='cmd.run', arg=None, tgt_type='list', salt_async=False):
"""
执行saltstack 模块命令，类似于salt '*' cmd.run 'command'
:param tgt: 目标主机
:param fun: 模块方法 可为空
:param arg: 传递参数 可为空
:return: 执行结果
"""
data = copy.deepcopy(self.params) if not tgt: return {'status': False, 'msg': 'target host not exist'} if not arg:
data.pop('arg') else:
data['arg'] = arg if tgt != '*':
data['tgt_type'] = tgt_type if salt_async: data['client'] = 'local_async'
data['fun'] = fun
data['tgt'] = tgt
result = self.get_data(self.url, data) return result def jobs(self, fun='detail', jid=None):
"""
任务
:param fun: active, detail
:param jod: Job ID
:return: 任务执行结果
"""
data = {'client': 'runner'}
data['fun'] = fun if fun == 'detail': if not jid: return {'success': False, 'msg': 'job id is none'}
data['fun'] = 'jobs.lookup_jid'
data['jid'] = jid else: return {'success': False, 'msg': 'fun is active or detail'}
result = self.get_data(self.url, data) return result复制代码更多关于 Saltstack 相关的原创文章可参考：
- Saltstack 集中化管理平台安装
- 利用 Saltstack 远程执行命令
- 跟我学 Saltstack 常用模块及 API
- 如何在 Saltstack 组件下收集被控主机的信息？
- 如何通过 Saltstack pillar 组件定义与被控主机相关的任何数据？
vCenter 客户端
通过官方 SDK 对 vCenter 进行日常操作，此脚本是我用于 cmdb 平台的，自动获取主机信息，存入数据库。
from pyVim.connect import SmartConnect, Disconnect, SmartConnectNoSSLfrom pyVmomi import vimfrom asset import modelsimport atexitclass Vmware:
def __init__(self, ip, user, password, port, idc, vcenter_id):
self.ip = ip
self.user = user
self.password = password
self.port = port
self.idc_id = idc
self.vcenter_id = vcenter_id def get_obj(self, content, vimtype, name=None):
'''
列表返回,name 可以指定匹配的对象
'''
container = content.viewManager.CreateContainerView(content.rootFolder, vimtype, True)
obj = [ view for view in container.view ] return obj def get_esxi_info(self):
# 宿主机信息
esxi_host = {}
res = {"connect_status": True, "msg": None} try: # connect this thing
si = SmartConnectNoSSL(host=self.ip, user=self.user, pwd=self.password, port=self.port, connectionPoolTimeout=60) except Exception as e:
res['connect_status'] = False
try:
res['msg'] = ("%s Caught vmodl fault : " + e.msg) % (self.ip) except Exception as e:
res['msg'] = '%s: connection error' % (self.ip) return res # disconnect this thing
atexit.register(Disconnect, si)
content = si.RetrieveContent()
esxi_obj = self.get_obj(content, [vim.HostSystem]) for esxi in esxi_obj:
esxi_host[esxi.name] = {}
esxi_host[esxi.name]['idc_id'] = self.idc_id
esxi_host[esxi.name]['vcenter_id'] = self.vcenter_id
esxi_host[esxi.name]['server_ip'] = esxi.name
esxi_host[esxi.name]['manufacturer'] = esxi.summary.hardware.vendor
esxi_host[esxi.name]['server_model'] = esxi.summary.hardware.model for i in esxi.summary.hardware.otherIdentifyingInfo: if isinstance(i, vim.host.SystemIdentificationInfo):
esxi_host[esxi.name]['server_sn'] = i.identifierValue # 系统名称
esxi_host[esxi.name]['system_name'] = esxi.summary.config.product.fullName # cpu总核数
esxi_cpu_total = esxi.summary.hardware.numCpuThreads # 内存总量 GB
esxi_memory_total = esxi.summary.hardware.memorySize / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
# 获取硬盘总量 GB
esxi_disk_total = 0
for ds in esxi.datastore:
esxi_disk_total += ds.summary.capacity / 1024 / 1024 / 1024
# 默认配置4核8G100G，根据这个配置计算剩余可分配虚拟机
default_configure = { 'cpu': 4, 'memory': 8, 'disk': 100
}
esxi_host[esxi.name]['vm_host'] = []
vm_usage_total_cpu = 0
vm_usage_total_memory = 0
vm_usage_total_disk = 0
# 虚拟机信息
for vm in esxi.vm:
host_info = {}
host_info['vm_name'] = vm.name
host_info['power_status'] = vm.runtime.powerState
host_info['cpu_total_kernel'] = str(vm.config.hardware.numCPU) + '核'
host_info['memory_total'] = str(vm.config.hardware.memoryMB) + 'MB'
host_info['system_info'] = vm.config.guestFullName
disk_info = ''
disk_total = 0
for d in vm.config.hardware.device: if isinstance(d, vim.vm.device.VirtualDisk):
disk_total += d.capacityInKB / 1024 / 1024
disk_info += d.deviceInfo.label + ": " + str((d.capacityInKB) / 1024 / 1024) + ' GB' + ','
host_info['disk_info'] = disk_info
esxi_host[esxi.name]['vm_host'].append(host_info) # 计算当前宿主机可用容量：总量 - 已分配的
if host_info['power_status'] == 'poweredOn':
vm_usage_total_cpu += vm.config.hardware.numCPU
vm_usage_total_disk += disk_total
vm_usage_total_memory += (vm.config.hardware.memoryMB / 1024)
esxi_cpu_free = esxi_cpu_total - vm_usage_total_cpu
esxi_memory_free = esxi_memory_total - vm_usage_total_memory
esxi_disk_free = esxi_disk_total - vm_usage_total_disk
esxi_host[esxi.name]['cpu_info'] = 'Total: %d核, Free: %d核' % (esxi_cpu_total, esxi_cpu_free)
esxi_host[esxi.name]['memory_info'] = 'Total: %dGB, Free: %dGB' % (esxi_memory_total, esxi_memory_free)
esxi_host[esxi.name]['disk_info'] = 'Total: %dGB, Free: %dGB' % (esxi_disk_total, esxi_disk_free) # 计算cpu 内存 磁盘按照默认资源分配的最小值，即为当前可分配资源
if esxi_cpu_free < 4 or esxi_memory_free < 8 or esxi_disk_free < 100:
free_allocation_vm_host = 0
else:
free_allocation_vm_host = int(min(
[
esxi_cpu_free / default_configure['cpu'],
esxi_memory_free / default_configure['memory'],
esxi_disk_free / default_configure['disk']
]
))
esxi_host[esxi.name]['free_allocation_vm_host'] = free_allocation_vm_host
esxi_host['connect_status'] = True
return esxi_host def write_to_db(self):
esxi_host = self.get_esxi_info() # 连接失败
if not esxi_host['connect_status']: return esxi_host del esxi_host['connect_status'] for machine_ip in esxi_host: # 物理机信息
esxi_host_dict = esxi_host[machine_ip] # 虚拟机信息
virtual_host = esxi_host[machine_ip]['vm_host'] del esxi_host[machine_ip]['vm_host']
obj = models.EsxiHost.objects.create(**esxi_host_dict)
obj.save() for host_info in virtual_host:
host_info['management_host_id'] = obj.id
obj2 = models.virtualHost.objects.create(**host_info)
obj2.save()复制代码获取域名 ssl 证书过期时间
用于 zabbix 告警
import reimport sysimport timeimport subprocessfrom datetime import datetimefrom io import StringIOdef main(domain):
f = StringIO()
comm = f"curl -Ivs https://{domain} --connect-timeout 10"
result = subprocess.getstatusoutput(comm)
f.write(result[1]) try:
m = re.search('start date: (.*?)\n.*?expire date: (.*?)\n.*?common name: (.*?)\n.*?issuer: CN=(.*?)\n', f.getvalue(), re.S)
start_date = m.group(1)
expire_date = m.group(2)
common_name = m.group(3)
issuer = m.group(4) except Exception as e: return 999999999
# time 字符串转时间数组
start_date = time.strptime(start_date, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT")
start_date_st = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", start_date) # datetime 字符串转时间数组
expire_date = datetime.strptime(expire_date, "%b %d %H:%M:%S %Y GMT")
expire_date_st = datetime.strftime(expire_date,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") # 剩余天数
remaining = (expire_date-datetime.now()).days return remaining
if __name__ == "__main__":
domain = sys.argv[1]
remaining_days = main(domain) print(remaining_days)复制代码发送今天的天气预报以及未来的天气趋势图
此脚本用于给老婆大人发送今天的天气预报以及未来的天气趋势图，现在微信把网页端禁止了，没法发送到微信了，我是通过企业微信进行通知的，需要把你老婆大人拉到企业微信，无兴趣的小伙伴跳过即可。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests import json import datetime def weather(city):
url = "http://wthrcdn.etouch.cn/weather_mini?city=%s" % city try:
data = requests.get(url).json()['data']
city = data['city']
ganmao = data['ganmao']
today_weather = data['forecast'][0]
res = "老婆今天是{}\n今天天气概况\n城市: {:<10}\n时间: {:<10}\n高温: {:<10}\n低温: {:<10}\n风力: {:<10}\n风向: {:<10}\n天气: {:<10}\n\n稍后会发送近期温度趋势图，请注意查看。\
".format(
ganmao,
city,
datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d'),
today_weather['high'].split()[1],
today_weather['low'].split()[1],
today_weather['fengli'].split('[')[2].split(']')[0],
today_weather['fengxiang'],today_weather['type'],
) return {"source_data": data, "res": res} except Exception as e: return str(e)
```
+ 获取天气预报趋势图
```python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import re import datetime def Future_weather_states(forecast, save_path, day_num=5):
'''
展示未来的天气预报趋势图
:param forecast: 天气预报预测的数据
:param day_num: 未来几天
:return: 趋势图
'''
future_forecast = forecast dict={} for i in range(day_num):
data = []
date = future_forecast[i]["date"]
date = int(re.findall("\d+",date)[0])
data.append(int(re.findall("\d+", future_forecast[i]["high"])[0]))
data.append(int(re.findall("\d+", future_forecast[i]["low"])[0]))
data.append(future_forecast[i]["type"]) dict[date] = data
data_list = sorted(dict.items())
date=[]
high_temperature = []
low_temperature = [] for each in data_list:
date.append(each[0])
high_temperature.append(each[1][0])
low_temperature.append(each[1][1])
fig = plt.plot(date,high_temperature,"r",date,low_temperature,"b")
current_date = datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m')
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
plt.rcParams['axes.unicode_minus'] = False
plt.xlabel(current_date)
plt.ylabel("℃")
plt.legend(["高温", "低温"])
plt.xticks(date)
plt.title("最近几天温度变化趋势")
plt.savefig(save_path)
```
+ 发送到企业微信
```python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import requests import json class DLF:
def __init__(self, corpid, corpsecret):
self.url = "https://qyapi.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin"
self.corpid = corpid
self.corpsecret = corpsecret
self._token = self._get_token() def _get_token(self):
'''
获取企业微信API接口的access_token
:return:
'''
token_url = self.url + "/gettoken?corpid=%s&corpsecret=%s" %(self.corpid, self.corpsecret) try:
res = requests.get(token_url).json()
token = res['access_token'] return token except Exception as e: return str(e) def _get_media_id(self, file_obj):
get_media_url = self.url + "/media/upload?access_token={}&type=file".format(self._token)
data = {"media": file_obj} try:
res = requests.post(url=get_media_url, files=data)
media_id = res.json()['media_id'] return media_id except Exception as e: return str(e) def send_text(self, agentid, content, touser=None, toparty=None):
send_msg_url = self.url + "/message/send?access_token=%s" % (self._token)
send_data = { "touser": touser, "toparty": toparty, "msgtype": "text", "agentid": agentid, "text": { "content": content
}
} try:
res = requests.post(send_msg_url, data=json.dumps(send_data)) except Exception as e: return str(e) def send_image(self, agentid, file_obj, touser=None, toparty=None):
media_id = self._get_media_id(file_obj)
send_msg_url = self.url + "/message/send?access_token=%s" % (self._token)
send_data = { "touser": touser, "toparty": toparty, "msgtype": "image", "agentid": agentid, "image": { "media_id": media_id
}
} try:
res = requests.post(send_msg_url, data=json.dumps(send_data)) except Exception as e: return str(e)
+ main脚本# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-from plugins.weather_forecast import weatherfrom plugins.trend_chart import Future_weather_statesfrom plugins.send_wechat import DLFimport os# 企业微信相关信息corpid = "xxx"corpsecret = "xxx"agentid = "xxx"# 天气预报趋势图保存路径_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
save_path = os.path.join(_path ,'./tmp/weather_forecast.jpg')# 获取天气预报信息content = weather("大兴")# 发送文字消息dlf = DLF(corpid, corpsecret)
dlf.send_text(agentid=agentid, content=content['res'], toparty='1')# 生成天气预报趋势图Future_weather_states(content['source_data']['forecast'], save_path)# 发送图片消息file_obj = open(save_path, 'rb')
dlf.send_image(agentid=agentid, toparty='1', file_obj=file_obj)复制代码Shell 脚本部分
SVN 完整备份
通过 hotcopy 进行 SVN 完整备份，备份保留 7 天。
#!/bin/bash# Filename : svn_backup_repos.sh# Date : 2020/12/14# Author : JakeTian # Email : JakeTian@***.com# Crontab : 59 23 * * * /bin/bash $BASE_PATH/svn_backup_repos.sh >/dev/null 2>&1# Notes : 将脚本加入crontab中，每天定时执行# Description: SVN完全备份set -e SRC_PATH="/opt/svndata"DST_PATH="/data/svnbackup"LOG_FILE="$DST_PATH/logs/svn_backup.log"SVN_BACKUP_C="/bin/svnadmin hotcopy"SVN_LOOK_C="/bin/svnlook youngest"TODAY=$(date +'%F') cd $SRC_PATH ALL_REPOS=$(find ./ -maxdepth 1 -type d ! -name 'httpd' -a ! -name 'bak' | tr -d './')# 创建备份目录，备份脚本日志目录test -d $DST_PATH || mkdir -p $DST_PATH test -d $DST_PATH/logs || mkdir $DST_PATH/logs test -d $DST_PATH/$TODAY || mkdir $DST_PATH/$TODAY# 备份repos文件for repo in $ALL_REPOS do $SVN_BACKUP_C $SRC_PATH/$repo $DST_PATH/$TODAY/$repo # 判断备份是否完成 if $SVN_LOOK_C $DST_PATH/$TODAY/$repo;then echo "$TODAY: $repo Backup Success" >> $LOG_FILE else echo "$TODAY: $repo Backup Fail" >> $LOG_FILE fi done# # 备份用户密码文件和权限文件cp -p authz access.conf $DST_PATH/$TODAY# 日志文件转储mv $LOG_FILE $LOG_FILE-$TODAY# 删除七天前的备份seven_days_ago=$(date -d "7 days ago" +'%F') rm -rf $DST_PATH/$seven_days_ago复制代码
zabbix 监控用户密码过期
用于 Zabbix 监控 Linux 系统用户（shell 为 /bin/bash 和 /bin/sh）密码过期，密码有效期剩余 7 天触发加自动发现用户。
#!/bin/bashdiskarray=(`awk -F':' '$NF ~ /\/bin\/bash/||/\/bin\/sh/{print $1}' /etc/passwd`)
length=${#diskarray[@]}printf "{\n"printf '\t'"\"data\":["for ((i=0;i<$length;i++))
do
printf '\n\t\t{'
printf "\"{#USER_NAME}\":\"${diskarray[$i]}\"}"
if [ $i -lt $[$length-1] ];then
printf ','
fi
done
printf "\n\t]\n"printf "}\n"检查用户密码过期#!/bin/bashexport LANG=en_US.UTF-8SEVEN_DAYS_AGO=$(date -d '-7 day' +'%s')
user="$1"# 将Sep 09, 2018格式的时间转换成unix时间expires_date=$(sudo chage -l $user | awk -F':' '/Password expires/{print $NF}' | sed -n 's/^ //p')if [[ "$expires_date" != "never" ]];then
expires_date=$(date -d "$expires_date" +'%s') if [ "$expires_date" -le "$SEVEN_DAYS_AGO" ];then
echo "1"
else
echo "0"
fielse
echo "0"fi复制代码构建本地YUM
通过 rsync 的方式同步 yum，通过 nginx 只做 http yum 站点；
但是 centos6 的镜像最近都不能用了，国内貌似都禁用了，如果找到合适的自行更换地址。
#!/bin/bash# 更新yum镜像RsyncCommand="rsync -rvutH -P --delete --delete-after --delay-updates --bwlimit=1000"DIR="/app/yumData"LogDir="$DIR/logs"Centos6Base="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Base"Centos7Base="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Base"Centos6Epel="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Epel"Centos7Epel="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Epel"Centos6Salt="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Salt"Centos7Salt="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Salt"Centos6Update="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Update"Centos7Update="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Update"Centos6Docker="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Docker"Centos7Docker="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Docker"Centos6Mysql5_7="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Mysql/Mysql5.7"Centos7Mysql5_7="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Mysql/Mysql5.7"Centos6Mysql8_0="$DIR/Centos6/x86_64/Mysql/Mysql8.0"Centos7Mysql8_0="$DIR/Centos7/x86_64/Mysql/Mysql8.0"MirrorDomain="rsync://rsync.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"# 目录不存在就创建check_dir(){ for dir in $*
do
test -d $dir || mkdir -p $dir
done
}# 检查rsync同步结果check_rsync_status(){ if [ $? -eq 0 ];then
echo "rsync success" >> $1
else
echo "rsync fail" >> $1
fi
}
check_dir $DIR $LogDir $Centos6Base $Centos7Base $Centos6Epel $Centos7Epel $Centos6Salt $Centos7Salt $Centos6Update $Centos7Update $Centos6Docker $Centos7Docker $Centos6Mysql5_7 $Centos7Mysql5_7 $Centos6Mysql8_0 $Centos7Mysql8_0# Base yumrepo#$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/centos/6/os/x86_64/ $Centos6Base >> "$LogDir/centos6Base.log" 2>&1# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Base.log"$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/centos/7/os/x86_64/ $Centos7Base >> "$LogDir/centos7Base.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Base.log"# Epel yumrepo# $RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/epel/6/x86_64/ $Centos6Epel >> "$LogDir/centos6Epel.log" 2>&1# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Epel.log"$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/epel/7/x86_64/ $Centos7Epel >> "$LogDir/centos7Epel.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Epel.log"# SaltStack yumrepo# $RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/salt/yum/redhat/6/x86_64/ $Centos6Salt >> "$LogDir/centos6Salt.log" 2>&1# ln -s $Centos6Salt/archive/$(ls $Centos6Salt/archive | tail -1) $Centos6Salt/latest# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Salt.log"$RsyncComman "$MirrorDomain"/repo/salt/yum/redhat/7/x86_64/ $Centos7Salt >> "$LogDir/centos7Salt.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Salt.log"# ln -s $Centos7Salt/archive/$(ls $Centos7Salt/archive | tail -1) $Centos7Salt/latest# Docker yumrepo$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/x86_64/stable/ $Centos7Docker >> "$LogDir/centos7Docker.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Docker.log"# centos update yumrepo# $RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/centos/6/updates/x86_64/ $Centos6Update >> "$LogDir/centos6Update.log" 2>&1# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Update.log"$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/centos/7/updates/x86_64/ $Centos7Update >> "$LogDir/centos7Update.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Update.log"# mysql 5.7 yumrepo# $RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/mysql-repo/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/6/x86_64/ "$Centos6Mysql5_7" >> "$LogDir/centos6Mysql5.7.log" 2>&1# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Mysql5.7.log"$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/mysql-repo/yum/mysql-5.7-community/el/7/x86_64/ "$Centos7Mysql5_7" >> "$LogDir/centos7Mysql5.7.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Mysql5.7.log"# mysql 8.0 yumrepo# $RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/mysql-repo/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/6/x86_64/ "$Centos6Mysql8_0" >> "$LogDir/centos6Mysql8.0.log" 2>&1# check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos6Mysql8.0.log"$RsyncCommand "$MirrorDomain"/repo/mysql-repo/yum/mysql-8.0-community/el/7/x86_64/ "$Centos7Mysql8_0" >> "$LogDir/centos7Mysql8.0.log" 2>&1check_rsync_status "$LogDir/centos7Mysql8.0.log"复制代码读者需求解答
负载高时，查出占用比较高的进程脚本并存储或推送通知
这部分内容是上篇 7 个非常实用的 Shell 拿来就用脚本实例！中底部读者留言的需求，如下：
#!/bin/bash# 物理cpu个数physical_cpu_count=$(egrep 'physical id' /proc/cpuinfo | sort | uniq | wc -l)# 单个物理cpu核数physical_cpu_cores=$(egrep 'cpu cores' /proc/cpuinfo | uniq | awk '{print $NF}')# 总核数total_cpu_cores=$((physical_cpu_count*physical_cpu_cores))# 分别是一分钟、五分钟、十五分钟负载的阈值，其中有一项超过阈值才会触发one_min_load_threshold="$total_cpu_cores"five_min_load_threshold=$(awk 'BEGIN {print '"$total_cpu_cores"' * "0.8"}')
fifteen_min_load_threshold=$(awk 'BEGIN {print '"$total_cpu_cores"' * "0.7"}')# 分别是分钟、五分钟、十五分钟负载平均值one_min_load=$(uptime | awk '{print $(NF-2)}' | tr -d ',')
five_min_load=$(uptime | awk '{print $(NF-1)}' | tr -d ',')
fifteen_min_load=$(uptime | awk '{print $NF}' | tr -d ',')# 获取当前cpu 内存 磁盘io信息，并写入日志文件# 如果需要发送消息或者调用其他，请自行编写函数即可get_info(){
log_dir="cpu_high_script_log"
test -d "$log_dir" || mkdir "$log_dir"
ps -eo user,pid,%cpu,stat,time,command --sort -%cpu | head -10 > "$log_dir"/cpu_top10.log
ps -eo user,pid,%mem,rss,vsz,stat,time,command --sort -%mem | head -10 > "$log_dir"/mem_top10.log
iostat -dx 1 10 > "$log_dir"/disk_io_10.log
}
export -f get_info
echo "$one_min_load $one_min_load_threshold $five_min_load $five_min_load_threshold $fifteen_min_load $fifteen_min_load_threshold" | \
awk '{ if ($1>=$2 || $3>=$4 || $5>=$6) system("get_info") }'复制代码以上，就是今天分享的全部内容了。
希望大家通过这些案例能够学以致用，结合自身的实际场景进行运用，从而提高自己的工作效率。
如果你有更多脚本实例，也欢迎大家分享或通过本文留言区进行留言说说你具体的脚本实例需求，如果实例过多的话，下次杰哥在整一篇合集脚本文章实例来跟大家分享。
对了，如果你觉得上述这些脚本实例能够用到自己工作中的话，也希望能给予小小的支持（点赞、留言、转发分享随你便）。
这篇关于超硬核！11 个非常实用的 Python 和 Shell 拿来就用脚本实例！的文章就介绍到这儿，希望我们推荐的文章对大家有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持为之网！
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