事件总线是对发布-订阅模式的一种实现,是一种集中式事件处理机制,允许不同的组件之间进行彼此通信而又不需要相互依赖,达到一种解耦的目的。
实现事件总线#
EventBus维护一个事件的字典,发布者、订阅者在事件总线中获取事件实例并执行发布、订阅操作,事件实例负责维护、执行事件处理程序。流程如下:
定义事件基类#
事件实例需要在事件总线中注册,定义一个基类方便事件总线进行管理,代码如下:
///
/// 事件基类
///
public abstract class EventBase{ }
事件实例需要管理、执行已经注册的事件处理程序,为了适应不同的事件参数使用泛型参数,不允许此类实例化。代码如下:
///
/// 泛型事件
///
///
public abstract class PubSubEvent : EventBase where T : EventArgs
{
protected static readonly object locker = new object();
protected readonly List<Action<object, T>> subscriptions = new List<Action<object, T>>(); public void Subscribe(Action<object, T> eventHandler) { lock (locker) { if (!subscriptions.Contains(eventHandler)) { subscriptions.Add(eventHandler); } } } public void Unsubscribe(Action<object, T> eventHandler) { lock (locker) { if (subscriptions.Contains(eventHandler)) { subscriptions.Remove(eventHandler); } } } public virtual void Publish(object sender, T eventArgs) { lock (locker) { for (int i = 0; i < subscriptions.Count; i++) { subscriptions[i](sender, eventArgs); } } }
}
定义事件参数基类#
事件参数基类继承EventArgs,使用泛型参数适应不同的参数类型,不允许此类实例化。代码如下:
///
/// 泛型事件参数
///
///
public abstract class PubSubEventArgs : EventArgs
{
public T Value { get; set; }
}
定义EventBus#
EventBus只提供事件实例的管理,具体事件处理程序的执行由事件实例自己负责。为了使用方便,构造函数有自动注册事件的功能,在有多个程序集时可能会有bug。代码如下:
///
/// 事件总线
///
class EventBus
{
private static EventBus _default;
private static readonly object locker = new object();
private Dictionary<Type, EventBase> eventDic = new Dictionary<Type, EventBase>();
/// <summary> /// 默认事件总线实例,建议只使用此实例 /// </summary> public static EventBus Default { get { if (_default == null) { lock (locker) { // 如果类的实例不存在则创建,否则直接返回 if (_default == null) { _default = new EventBus(); } } } return _default; } } /// <summary> /// 构造函数,自动加载EventBase的派生类实现 /// </summary> public EventBus() { Type type = typeof(EventBase); Type typePubSub = typeof(PubSubEvent<>); Assembly assembly = Assembly.GetAssembly(type); List<Type> typeList = assembly.GetTypes() .Where(t => t != type && t != typePubSub && type.IsAssignableFrom(t)) .ToList(); foreach (var item in typeList) { EventBase eventBase = (EventBase)assembly.CreateInstance(item.FullName); eventDic.Add(item, eventBase); } } /// <summary> /// 获取事件实例 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEvent">事件类型</typeparam> /// <returns></returns> public TEvent GetEvent<TEvent>() where TEvent : EventBase { return (TEvent)eventDic[typeof(TEvent)]; } /// <summary> /// 添加事件类型 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEvent"></typeparam> public void AddEvent<TEvent>() where TEvent : EventBase ,new() { lock (locker) { Type type = typeof(TEvent); if (!eventDic.ContainsKey(type)) { eventDic.Add(type, new TEvent()); } } } /// <summary> /// 移除事件类型 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="TEvent"></typeparam> public void RemoveEvent<TEvent>() where TEvent : EventBase, new() { lock (locker) { Type type = typeof(TEvent); if (eventDic.ContainsKey(type)) { eventDic.Remove(type); } } }
}
使用事件总线#
事件及事件参数#
使用事件总线前,需要定义好事件及事件参数。在使用时,发布者、订阅者也必须知道事件类型及事件参数类型。代码如下:
///
/// 泛型事件实现-TestAEvent,重写事件的触发逻辑
///
public class TestAEvent: PubSubEvent
{
public override void Publish(object sender, TestAEventArgs eventArgs)
{
lock (locker)
{
for (int i = 0; i < subscriptions.Count; i++)
{
var action= subscriptions[i];
Task.Run(() => action(sender, eventArgs));
}
}
}
}
///
/// 泛型事件参数实现-TestAEventArgs
///
public class TestAEventArgs : PubSubEventArgs { }
///
/// 泛型事件实现-TestBEvent
///
public class TestBEvent : PubSubEvent { }
///
/// 泛型事件参数实现-TestBEventArgs
///
public class TestBEventArgs : PubSubEventArgs { }
注:TestAEvent中重写了事件发布的逻辑,每个事件在任务中执行。
定义发布者#
发布者通过事件总线获取事件实例,在实例上发布事件,代码如下:
class Publisher
{
public void PublishTeatAEvent(string value)
{
EventBus.Default.GetEvent().Publish(this, new TestAEventArgs() { Value=value});
}
public void PublishTeatBEvent(int value) { EventBus.Default.GetEvent<TestBEvent>().Publish(this, new TestBEventArgs() { Value = value }); }
}
定义订阅者#
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订阅者通过事件总线获取事件实例,在实例上订阅事件,代码如下:
class ScbscriberA
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public ScbscriberA(string name) { Name = name; EventBus.Default.GetEvent<TestAEvent>().Subscribe(TeatAEventHandler); } public void TeatAEventHandler(object sender, TestAEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine(Name+":"+e.Value); }
}
class ScbscriberB
{
public string Name { get; set; }
public ScbscriberB(string name) { Name = name; EventBus.Default.GetEvent<TestBEvent>().Subscribe(TeatBEventHandler); } public void Unsubscribe_TeatBEvent() { EventBus.Default.GetEvent<TestBEvent>().Unsubscribe(TeatBEventHandler); } public void TeatBEventHandler(object sender, TestBEventArgs e) { Console.WriteLine(Name + ":" + e.Value); }
}
实际使用#
代码如下:
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Publisher publisher = new Publisher();
ScbscriberA scbscriberA = new ScbscriberA(“scbscriberA”);
ScbscriberB scbscriberB1 = new ScbscriberB(“scbscriberB1”);
ScbscriberB scbscriberB2 = new ScbscriberB(“scbscriberB2”);
publisher.PublishTeatAEvent(“test”);
publisher.PublishTeatBEvent(123);
scbscriberB2.Unsubscribe_TeatBEvent(); publisher.PublishTeatBEvent(12345); Console.ReadKey(); }
}
运行结果:
scbscriberB1:123
scbscriberB2:123
scbscriberA:test
scbscriberB1:12345
总结#
这个事件总线只提供了基础功能,实现的发布者和订阅者的解耦,发布者、订阅者只依赖事件不互相依赖。
感觉我对事件总线的理解还有点不足,欢迎大家来一起讨论!