Java 注解也就是Annotation是从 Java5 开始引入的新技术
Annotation的作用:
Annotation的格式:
Annotation在里使用?
使用@interface自定义注解时,自动继承了java.lang.annotation.Annotation接口
public class Test03 { //注解可以显示赋值,如果没有默认值,一定要给注解赋值 @Myannotation2(name = "aj",schloos = {"机电学院"}) public void test(){ } @MyAnnotation3("") public void test2(){ } } @Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface Myannotation2{ // 注解的参数,参数类型+参数名 String name() default ""; int age() default 0; //如果默认值为-1 代表不存在 int id() default -1; String[] schloos() ; } @Target({ElementType.METHOD,ElementType.TYPE}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface MyAnnotation3{ String value(); }
给代码加注解其实就是这么多,关键还是我们如何去读取注解,这就需要用到反射,下面重点介绍java反射
反射是java被视为动态语言的关键,反射机制允许程序在执行期借助Reflection API取得任何类的内部信息,并能直接操作任意对象内部熟悉及方法
Class c = Class.forName("java.lang.String")
加载完类之后,在堆内存的方法区就产生了一个Class类型的对象(一个类只有一个Class对象),这个对象就包含了完整的类的结构信息。我们可以通过这个对象看到类的结构。这个对象就像一面镜子,透过这个镜子看到类的结构,所以我们称之为:反射
对于每个类而言,JRE都为其保留一个不变的Class类型的对象,一个Class对象包含了特定某个结构的有关信息。
![image-20210502212459742](/Users/cb/Library/Application Support/typora-user-images/image-20210502212459742.png)
public class Test02 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException { Person person = new Student(); System.out.println("这个人是"+person.name); //通过对象获取 Class c1 = person.getClass(); System.out.println(c1.hashCode()); //通过forname获取 Class c2 = Class.forName("reflection.Student"); System.out.println(c2.hashCode()); //通过类名获取 Class c3 = Student.class; System.out.println(c3.hashCode()); //获得父类类型 Class c4 = c1.getSuperclass(); System.out.println(c4); } } @Data class Person{ public String name; public int age; } class Student extends Person{ public Student(){ this.name = "学生"; } } class Teacher extends Person{ public Teacher(){ this.name = "老师"; } }
public class Test03 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, NoSuchFieldException { Class c1 = Class.forName("reflection.Student"); Student student = (Student) c1.newInstance(); System.out.println(student.getName()); // 通过反射操作方法 Method setName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("setName", String.class); setName.invoke(student, "zhangshan"); System.out.println(student.getName()); Student student1 = (Student) c1.newInstance(); Field name = c1.getDeclaredField("name"); //反射不能直接操作私有属性,需要手动关掉程序的安全检测,setAccessible(true) name.setAccessible(true); name.set(student1,"lisi"); System.out.println(student1.getName()); } }
public class Test04 { public static void test01(){ User user = new User(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); for (int i = 0; i <1000000000 ; i++) { user.getName(); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println(endTime - startTime +"ms"); } public static void test02() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException { User user = new User(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Class c1 = user.getClass(); Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null); for (int i = 0; i <1000000000 ; i++) { getName.invoke(user, null); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println(endTime - startTime +"ms"); } public static void test03() throws NoSuchMethodException, InvocationTargetException, IllegalAccessException { User user = new User(); long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); Class c1 = user.getClass(); Method getName = c1.getDeclaredMethod("getName", null); getName.setAccessible(true); for (int i = 0; i <1000000000 ; i++) { getName.invoke(user, null); } long endTime = System.currentTimeMillis(); System.out.println(endTime - startTime +"ms"); } public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException { test01(); test02(); test03(); } }
public class Test05 { public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException, NoSuchFieldException { Class<?> c1 = Class.forName("reflection.Customer"); // 通过反射获取注解 Annotation[] annotations = c1.getAnnotations(); for (Annotation annotation:annotations){ System.out.println(annotation); } // 获取注解的值 TableAnnotation annotation = c1.getAnnotation(TableAnnotation.class); System.out.println(annotation.value()); //获取类指定注解 Field id = c1.getDeclaredField("id"); FiledAnnotation annotation1 = id.getAnnotation(FiledAnnotation.class); System.out.println(annotation1.columnName()); System.out.println(annotation1.length()); System.out.println(annotation1.type()); } } //类注解 @Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface TableAnnotation{ String value(); } @Data @TableAnnotation("db_customer") class Customer { @FiledAnnotation(columnName="id",type = "Long",length =10) private Long id; @FiledAnnotation(columnName="age",type = "int",length =10) private int age; @FiledAnnotation(columnName="name",type = "String",length =10) private String name; } //方法注解 @Target(ElementType.FIELD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @interface FiledAnnotation{ String columnName(); String type(); int length(); }