在构建好一个JSON对象之后,如何访问呢?
首先试着将json字符串序列化,并全部打印出来看下结构再说:
char * string = "{\"name\":\"xxx\", \"name2\":\"xxx2\"}";cJSON * root = cJSON_Parse(string);//json字符串序列化printf("%s\n", cJSON_Print(root));//json格式化输出
看源码了解一下cJSON_Parse函数大致实现过程吧
//用来格式化json字符串所需要的缓存空间地带typedef struct{ const unsigned char *content;//格式化的内容 size_t length;//内容长度 size_t offset;//偏移量 size_t depth; /* How deeply nested (in arrays/objects) is the input at the current offset. 当前偏移量处的输入嵌套深度(在数组/对象中)有多深*/ internal_hooks hooks;//内存分配} parse_buffer;/* check if the given size is left to read in a given parse buffer (starting with 1) 检查给定的大小是否留在给定的解析缓冲区中读取(从1开始) 这里应该是通过给定buffer读取内存范围是否比buffer实际占据的范围小,保证不超出空间读取*/#define can_read(buffer, size) ((buffer != NULL) && (((buffer)->offset + size) length))/* check if the buffer can be accessed at the given index (starting with 0) 检查是否可以在给定索引处访问缓冲区(从0开始)*/#define can_access_at_index(buffer, index) ((buffer != NULL) && (((buffer)->offset + index) < (buffer)->length))#define cannot_access_at_index(buffer, index) (!can_access_at_index(buffer, index))/* get a pointer to the buffer at the position 获取指向位置处缓冲区的指针*/#define buffer_at_offset(buffer) ((buffer)->content + (buffer)->offset)/* Default options for cJSON_Parse cJSON_Parse的默认选项*/CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_Parse(const char *value){ //传入json字符串,调用cJSON_ParseWithOpts进行序列化 return cJSON_ParseWithOpts(value, 0, 0);//0为假,1为真 //第二个参数为0,说明不需要获得字符串结尾的偏移量 //第三个参数为0,说明解析字符串时不是以空白作为结尾,类似我们使用scanf读取一个带空格的字符串是,默认空格就是字符串的结尾。但是在这里,空格不是结尾 }CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithOpts(const char *value, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated){ //return_parse_end require_null_terminated为0,为空、为假 size_t buffer_length; if (NULL == value) { return NULL; } /* Adding null character size due to require_null_terminated. 由require_null_terminated添加空字符大小*/ buffer_length = strlen(value) + sizeof("");//统计json字符串长度,并在结尾加一个空字符串的长度,因为strlen统计长度是末尾的\0是不统计进去 return cJSON_ParseWithLengthOpts(value, buffer_length, return_parse_end, require_null_terminated);}/* Parse an object - create a new root, and populate. 解析一个对象-创建一个新的根,并填充*/CJSON_PUBLIC(cJSON *) cJSON_ParseWithLengthOpts(const char *value, size_t buffer_length, const char **return_parse_end, cJSON_bool require_null_terminated){ parse_buffer buffer = { 0, 0, 0, 0, { 0, 0, 0 } };//首先都初始化为0 cJSON *item = NULL; /* reset error position 复位错误位置*/ //global_error是静态全集变量 global_error.json = NULL; global_error.position = 0; if (value == NULL || 0 == buffer_length) { goto fail; } buffer.content = (const unsigned char*)value; buffer.length = buffer_length; buffer.offset = 0; buffer.hooks = global_hooks; item = cJSON_New_Item(&global_hooks);//根据上面初始化后的buffer,构建一个json对象(具体实现前面的文章已有介绍) if (item == NULL) /* memory fail */ { goto fail;//构建失败 } /* 总之parse_value主要是解析各种类型的数据,比如在json字符串里面的时候,有 "num":123, 那么123应该作为整形数据存储 如果是 "num":"123",那么"123"应该作为字符串类型数据(char *)进行存储 */ if (!parse_value(item, buffer_skip_whitespace(skip_utf8_bom(&buffer)))) { /* parse failure. ep is set. */ goto fail;//格式化失败 } /* if we require null-terminated JSON without appended garbage, skip and then check for a null terminator 如果我们需要不附加垃圾的以空结尾的JSON,请跳过,然后检查空结尾符*/ if (require_null_terminated) { buffer_skip_whitespace(&buffer); if ((buffer.offset >= buffer.length) || buffer_at_offset(&buffer)[0] != '\0') { goto fail; } } if (return_parse_end) { *return_parse_end = (const char*)buffer_at_offset(&buffer); } return item;fail: if (item != NULL) { cJSON_Delete(item);//前面的文章已有介绍过 } if (value != NULL) { error local_error; local_error.json = (const unsigned char*)value; local_error.position = 0; if (buffer.offset < buffer.length) { local_error.position = buffer.offset; } else if (buffer.length > 0) { local_error.position = buffer.length - 1; } if (return_parse_end != NULL) { *return_parse_end = (const char*)local_error.json + local_error.position; } global_error = local_error; } return NULL;}/* Parser core - when encountering text, process appropriately. 解析器核心-遇到文本时,进行适当的处理*/static cJSON_bool parse_value(cJSON * const item, parse_buffer * const input_buffer){ if ((input_buffer == NULL) || (input_buffer->content == NULL)) { return false; /* no input */ } /* parse the different types of values 解析不同类型的值*/ /* null */ if (can_read(input_buffer, 4) && (strncmp((const char*)buffer_at_offset(input_buffer), "null", 4) == 0)) { item->type = cJSON_NULL; input_buffer->offset += 4; return true; } /* false */ if (can_read(input_buffer, 5) && (strncmp((const char*)buffer_at_offset(input_buffer), "false", 5) == 0)) { item->type = cJSON_False; input_buffer->offset += 5; return true; } /* true */ if (can_read(input_buffer, 4) && (strncmp((const char*)buffer_at_offset(input_buffer), "true", 4) == 0)) { item->type = cJSON_True; item->valueint = 1; input_buffer->offset += 4; return true; } /* string */ if (can_access_at_index(input_buffer, 0) && (buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] == '\"')) { return parse_string(item, input_buffer);//解析字符串 } /* number */ if (can_access_at_index(input_buffer, 0) && ((buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] == '-') || ((buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] >= '0') && (buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] <= '9')))) { return parse_number(item, input_buffer);//解析数字,原理同parse_string类似 } /* array */ if (can_access_at_index(input_buffer, 0) && (buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] == '[')) { return parse_array(item, input_buffer);//解析数组,原理同parse_string类似 } /* object */ if (can_access_at_index(input_buffer, 0) && (buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] == '{')) { return parse_object(item, input_buffer); } return false;}/* Parse the input text into an unescaped cinput, and populate item. 将输入文本解析为未转义的 cinput,并填充项 这里就是开始序列化json字符串了 */static cJSON_bool parse_string(cJSON * const item, parse_buffer * const input_buffer){ // 获得缓存正确的读取空间范围,防治越界 const unsigned char *input_pointer = buffer_at_offset(input_buffer) + 1; const unsigned char *input_end = buffer_at_offset(input_buffer) + 1; unsigned char *output_pointer = NULL; unsigned char *output = NULL; /* not a string */ if (buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)[0] != '\"')//字符串没有"为开头,那么该json字符串就有问题 { goto fail; } { /* calculate approximate size of the output (overestimate) 计算输出的近似大小(高估)*/ size_t allocation_length = 0; size_t skipped_bytes = 0; while (((size_t)(input_end - input_buffer->content) < input_buffer->length) && (*input_end != '\"')) { /* is escape sequence 是转义序列*/ if (input_end[0] == '\\') { if ((size_t)(input_end + 1 - input_buffer->content) >= input_buffer->length) { /* prevent buffer overflow when last input character is a backslash 当最后一个输入字符是反斜杠时防止缓冲区溢出*/ goto fail; } skipped_bytes++; input_end++; } input_end++; } if (((size_t)(input_end - input_buffer->content) >= input_buffer->length) || (*input_end != '\"')) { goto fail; /* string ended unexpectedly 字符串意外结束,就是说明明还符合循环条件但是却运行到这里来*/ } /* This is at most how much we need for the output 这是我们最多需要多少产出*/ allocation_length = (size_t) (input_end - buffer_at_offset(input_buffer)) - skipped_bytes; output = (unsigned char*)input_buffer->hooks.allocate(allocation_length + sizeof(""));//多加一个""的大小,应该是为了存下每个字符串末尾的\0,strlen()计算长度时不考虑末尾的'\0' if (output == NULL) { goto fail; /* allocation failure 分配失败*/ } } output_pointer = output; /* loop through the string literal 循环字符串文本*/ while (input_pointer < input_end) { if (*input_pointer != '\\') { *output_pointer++ = *input_pointer++; } /* escape sequence 转义序列*/ else { unsigned char sequence_length = 2; if ((input_end - input_pointer) < 1) { goto fail; } switch (input_pointer[1]) { case 'b': *output_pointer++ = '\b'; break; case 'f': *output_pointer++ = '\f'; break; case 'n': *output_pointer++ = '\n'; break; case 'r': *output_pointer++ = '\r'; break; case 't': *output_pointer++ = '\t'; break; case '\"': case '\\': case '/': *output_pointer++ = input_pointer[1]; break; /* UTF-16 literal UTF-16文字*/ case 'u': sequence_length = utf16_literal_to_utf8(input_pointer, input_end, &output_pointer); if (sequence_length == 0) { /* failed to convert UTF16-literal to UTF-8 无法将UTF16文本转换为UTF-8*/ goto fail; } break; default: goto fail; } input_pointer += sequence_length; } } /* zero terminate the output 零终止输出*/ *output_pointer = '\0'; item->type = cJSON_String; item->valuestring = (char*)output; input_buffer->offset = (size_t) (input_end - input_buffer->content); input_buffer->offset++; return true;//序列化成功fail: if (output != NULL) { input_buffer->hooks.deallocate(output); } if (input_pointer != NULL) { input_buffer->offset = (size_t)(input_pointer - input_buffer->content); } return false;//序列化失败}/* skip the UTF-8 BOM (byte order mark) if it is at the beginning of a buffer 如果UTF-8bom(字节顺序标记)位于缓冲区的开头,则跳过它*/static parse_buffer *skip_utf8_bom(parse_buffer * const buffer){ if ((buffer == NULL) || (buffer->content == NULL) || (buffer->offset != 0)) { return NULL; } if (can_access_at_index(buffer, 4) && (strncmp((const char*)buffer_at_offset(buffer), "\xEF\xBB\xBF", 3) == 0)) { buffer->offset += 3; } return buffer;}
序列化json字符串确实繁琐,其主要花费时间在缓冲区边界界定和数据类型转换上。
大致了解一下工作流程,函数调用顺序大致如下(主要功能):
cJSON_Parse ==> cJSON_ParseWithOpts ==> cJSON_ParseWithLengthOpts ==>parse_value和cJSON_New_Item